GIAO AN LP 10 NNG CAO BAI 44: HIRO SUNFUA I.Mc tiu: 1.V kin thc a.

Hc sinh bit: Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin v iu ch ca hiro sunfua Tnh axit yu ca axit sunfu hiric Tnh cht ca cc mui sunfua.
b. Hc sinh hiu: Cu tao phn t, nguyn nhn tnh kh mnh ca H2S

c. Vn dng

D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca H2S. Vit PTHH minh ho tnh cht ha hc. Hc sinh c k nng quan st, phn tch th nghim.

2.V k nng D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ha hc ca H2S. Vit c phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng oxi ha kh trong c s Phn bit H2S vi cc kh khc. Hc sinh c thm nim am m i vi mn hc. C thi thn trng khi lm vic vi kh H2S.

tham gia ca H2S.

3.V tnh cm, thi

Hc sinh c tip thu nhng kin thc mi.

II.Phng php dy hc Thuyt trnh, m thoi gi m nu vn . Tin hnh th nghim. S dng phiu hc tp. III.Chun b Sch gio khoa, dng c th nghim.

Ha cht: FeS, dd HCl, Na2SO3, dd NaOH.

IV.Thit k hot ng dy hc 1. n nh t chc lp

2. Kim tra bi c Cu hi: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc c bn ca lu hunh, vit PTHH minh ha? Gi tn sn phm. Tr li: Lu hunh va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh. a. Tc dng vi kim loi
S + F e t F eS
0

b. Tc dng vi hydro
t S + H 2 H 2 S
0

c. Tc dng vi phi kim

t S + O2 S O2
0

3. Ni dung bi ging

HOT NG CA GV V HS Hot ng 1: T chc tnh hung hc tp.

NI DUNG

Thng 11 nm 1950, Mexico, mt nh my Pozarica thi ra mt lng ln kh hiro sunfua, mt hp cht ca lu hunh vi hiro. Ch trong vng 30, cht kh cng vi sng m trng ca thnh ph lm cht 22 ngi v khin 320 ngi b nhim c. Hm nay chng ta s cng nghin cu v kh H2S. Vy kh H2S c tnh cht vt l g, c tnh cht ha hc no, nh hng n cuc sng ca chng ta sao? Hot ng 2: Tim hiu cng thc cu tao cua H2 S GV: phn t H2S co cu tao tng t phn t nc. Vy em nao co th ln bang vit cng thc cu tao cua H2S. GV: Da vo s khc nhau ca hai cht nc v H2S gii thch ti sao iu kin thng mt cht th lng cht kia th kh? ( c th a thm vo nu hc sinh hi) HS: V m in ca S nh hn nhiu so vi I. Cu to phn t

H
92,20 .

92.2o

O H 105 H
o

+ Phn t H2S l phn t to gc, gc lin kt l + Nguyn t S co 2e c thn phn lp 3p tao ra 2 lin kt cng ha tr phn cc S-H Hs:- S oxi ha ca S l -2

oxi (S= 2.58, O= 3.44, H=2.2 ). Hiu m in gia S v H kh nh nn phn t H2S t phn cc. Nhng cht ch cha lin kt cng ha tr t phn cc hay khng phn cc thng l cht kh. Gv:- Do phn t H2S lin kt S-H yu hn so vi lin kt O- H trong phn t nc. Nn iu kin thng H2S l cht kh cn H2O l cht lng. Gv: S oxi ha ca S trong hp cht ny l bao nhiu? Hot ng 3: Tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca H2S GV: Yu cu HS tnh t khi ca H2S i vi khng kh. Rt ra nhn xt? GV: Yu cu HS tham kho SGK v nu ln tnh cht vt l ca H2S. GV: H2S l cht kh rt c v vy nn cn thn khi lm vic vi n. Hot ng 4: Tm hiu tnh axit yu ca kh H2 S GV: Yu cu HS nhc li khi ha tan cc kh hydro Halogenua trong nc s to thnh g? Tng t nh vy cho HS so snh vi kh hydro sunfua. GV: Thng bo cho HS bit axit sunfuhidric l mt axit rt yu (< H2CO3). GV: Yu cu HS cho bit axit sunfuhidric l axit my nc? C th to ra nhng mui no? GV: Yu cu HS vit PTHH ca NaOH vi axit H2S? Rt ra nhn xt v t l s mol gia nMOH/naxit v thnh phn mui to thnh. II. Tnh cht ha hc 1. Tnh axit yu Kh H2S HO dd axit sunfuhiric. L axit rt yu
2

II. Tnh cht vt l - Cht kh, khng mu, mi trng thi, rt c. - Nng hn khng kh ( d = 34 29 1,17) - Ha lng nhit - 60oC - Tan t trong nc S = 0,38g/100g nc.

( < H2CO3). - lam qui tim hoa o - tac dung vi oxit baz - Tc dng vi dd baz mnh H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O H2S + 2NaOH Na2S + 2H2O t a=nMOH/naxit a1: to ra mui axit NaHS a2: to ra mui trung ha Na2S 1<a<2: to ra c 2 loi mui

NaHS v Na2S

VD: dn 200ml dd H2S 0,1M vo300ml dd NaOH 0,2M. sn phm to thnh gm nhng mui no?

Ta co : n(NaOH)= 0,05 mol; n(H2S)= 0,02 mol

NaOH = = 1,5 T = n 0,02 H S
2

0,03

2 mui NaHS v Na2S Hot ng 5: Nghin cu tnh kh mnh ca H2 S 2. Tnh kh mnh Trong H2S th S c s oxi ho l -2 nn S th

GV: Yu cu HS d on xem H2S cn c tnh hin tnh kh cht no na khng? (gi cho HS nhn xt S-2 S0, S+4, S+6 v s oxi ha ca lu hunh trong hp cht H2S). GV yu cu HS vit PTPU chnh minh? GV: Tin hnh th nghim t chy kh H2S trong iu kin d v thiu oxi. Yu cu HS quan st th nghim v rt ra nhn xt? GV: Thng bo cho HS bit thm ngi ta dng phn ng ny thu hi li S c trong cc kh thi ca cc nh my. GV: Ngoi ra, kh H2S cn tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha khc nh: nc Clo, dd KMnO4. Yu cu HS cn bng phn ng. Hot ng 6: Tm hiu trng thi t nhin v III. Trng thi t nhin v iu ch phng php iu ch H2S thng tn ti u? 1. Trng thi t nhin sui nc nong, trong kh ni la v t s phn GV: Yu cu HS tm hiu SGK v cho bit kh Trong t nhin, hyrosunfua c trong mt s GV: Thng bo cho HS bit trong cng nghip hy xc cht ca sinh vt, khi thai nha may,... ngi ta khng sn xut kh H2S. Cn trong 2. iu ch PTN, ngi ta iu ch bng cch cho FeS tc Nguyn tc : Dng mui sufua tc dng vi axit dng axit HCl. Trong PTN: FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S Hot ng 7: Tim hiu v tinh cht cua mui IV. Tinh cht cua mui hiro sunfua
2 2

a.Tc dng vi oxi

o

Trong k thiu oxi

O

C 2 H 2 S + O2 t 2 H 2 O + 2 S vng

Trong k d oxi
+4

C 2 H 2 S + 3O2 t 2 H 2 O + 2 SO2

b.Tc dng vi cht oxi ha khc

H 2 S + 4Cl 2 + 4 H 2 O H 2 S O4 + 8 HCl
2 +6

hiro sunfua