lnLernaLlonal

8uslness



unlL 3






Def|n|t|ons







































































!ordan 8oy



























J Does a 8us|ness Seek Internat|ona| Markets?
roducLs or markeL condlLlons may prompL a buslness Lo Lrade lnLernaLlonally

Well lnLernaLlonal Lrade ls Lhe exchange of goods and servlces across lnLernaLlonal boundarles
1he process of speclallsaLlon and dlvlslon of labour leads Lo far greaLer ouLpuL and consumpLlon Lhan selfsufflclenL
lndlvlduals and famllles could achleve
Powever lndlvldual provlders of servlce acLlvlLles such as halrdresslng are llkely Lo Lrade wlLhln a small area

O new MarkeLs
O MulLlple MarkeLs
O Clobal Sourclng
O LlmlLed CrowLh
O uomesLlc MarkeLs
O lorelgn compeLlLlon
O lmproved lnfrasLrucLure
O 1rade LlberallsaLlon
O 1rade 8arrlers
O 1radlng 8locs


easons to 1rade Internat|ona||
O Selllng more more revenue and more proflL
O Where Lhere are hlgh cosLs of research and conLlnuous lnnovaLlon and developmenL selllng Lo mulLlple
markeLs speeds progress Lowards Lhe breakeven and proflL polnL
O lf a home markeL ls saLuraLed or compeLlLlon ls flerce exporLlng can be an aLLracLlve way Lo lncrease sales
O As a producL moves Lhrough Lhelr llfe cycle sales wlll ln many cases evenLually dlmlnlsh
O A new overseas markeL could offseL Lhe lmpacL of a decllnlng domesLlc markeL may be due Lo economlc
condlLlon
O !usL as buslnesses lncreaslngly sell overseas Lhey are also able Lo source maLerlals componenLs and servlces
from beyond Lhelr naLlonal boundarles
O CuLsourclng ls buylng ln producLs and servlces raLher Lhan underLaklng work wlLhln Lhe company 1hls
means LhaL a buslness can focus on whaL lL does besL and use oLher people for Lhe resL of Lhe work


Jat Market Cond|t|ons Lncourage Internat|ona| 1rade
O lmprovemenLs ln lnfrasLrucLure
O lmproved communlcaLlons
O naLlonal dlfferences dlsappearlng
O Pome markeLs may be saLuraLed
O uecllnlng home markeL
O Sell ln mulLlple markeLs
O CovernmenL schemes ln place
O Source maLerlals
O More varleLy of suppllers
O CuLsourclng/offshorlng
O lncreased Lrade llberallsaLlon


Se|||ng |n Mu|t|p|e Markets Spreads |sk
O ulfflculLles ln a markeL become less LhreaLenlng when lL ls one of several markeLs as long as Lhe suppller ls no
longer dependenL on a slngle markeL
O SomeLlmes a home markeL sees lncreaslng compeLlLlon from overseas suppllers moLlvaLlng home producers
Lo look for new markeLs where Lhey can compeLe
O 1he rlsk of exporLlng can be reduced by governmenL schemes deslgned Lo encourage exporL acLlvlLy


1rade L|bera||sat|on
O ls Lhe process by whlch lnLernaLlonal Lrade ls made easler Lhrough a relaxaLlon of Lhe rules and Lrade barrlers
whlch govern lL
O 8ulers and governmenLs have long Laken an lnLeresL ln lmporLs ln Lhelr counLrles 1hey seek Lo resLrlcL Lhe
avallablllLy of lLems seen as harmful or dangerous
O 1hey mlghL wlsh Lo sLop lmporLs whlch wlll compeLe wlLh sLaLe monopolles or lndusLrles wlLh pollLlcal
lnfluence
O laclng a Larlff on producLs reachlng Lhe counLry was a slgnlflcanL source of lncome when governmenLs were
lnefflclenL aL Laxlng Lhelr own people
O lor mosL governmenLs Larlffs are now a relaLlvely lnslgnlflcanL source of lncome
O Lmbargoes (LoLal bans) or quoLas (flxed maxlmum quanLlLles of lmporLs) are also used elLher for economlc
or pollLlcal reasons
O Lmbargoes ls Lhe parLlal or compleLe prohlblLlon of commerce and Lrade wlLhln a parLlcular counLry ln order
Lo lsolaLe lL
O W1C exlsLs Lo reduce barrlers Lo Lrade and Lo ensure LhaL counLrles keep Lo Lhe agreemenLs Lhey have made
1he organlsaLlon also deals wlLh complalnLs beLween members organlzlng negoLlaLlons and lf necessary
maklng [udgemenLs agalnsL a counLry W1C agreemenLs can mean LhaL cusLoms unlons and slngle markeLs
musL someLlmes reduce Lhelr exLernal barrlers Lo Lrade lL encourages Lrade llberallsaLlon by operaLlng a
sysLem of Lrade rules and by provldlng a forum for Lhe negoLlaLlon of Lrade dlspuLes lL also promoLes peace
and Lhe sysLem encourages good governmenL and Lrade lncreases lncomes and lncomes lmprove Lhe
sLandard of llvlng
O 1rade llberallsaLlon and W1C have made lL easler for buslnesses Lo exporL and Lo compeLe ln forelgn markeLs


dvantages of 1rade L|bera||sat|on
O Lconomlc growLh can lncrease
O Lncourages speclallsaLlon and lmproved efflclency Lhrough comparaLlve advanLage
O CusLomers may beneflL from lmproved cholce and lower prlces
O lmproved lnLernaLlonal Lrade

D|sadvantages of 1rade L|bera||sat|on
O CounLrles can become dependenL on forelgn Lrade
O Changes ln demand can lead Lo unemploymenL
O Less equal dlsLrlbuLlon of lncome
O uesLrucLlon of Lhe envlronmenL
O Loss of soverelgnLy lose ablllLy Lo make declslons whlch affecLs Lhem
O Loss of naLlonal ldenLlLy as lL lowers sLandards by desLroylng good hablLs and naLlve culLure


1rad|ng 8|ocs
O A Lradlng bloc ls a Lype of lnLergovernmenLal agreemenL Lo reduce reglonal Lrade barrlers
O uependlng on how closely Lhe members wlsh Lo lnLegraLe Lhelr economles Lhey may form dlfferenL Lypes of
Lradlng blocs such as free Lrade areas cusLoms unlons common markeLs and full economlc and moneLary
unlons
O Lxamples nAl1A Aslan 1lgers Lu


dvantages of 1rad|ng 8|ocs
O Lessens lnLernaLlonal lsolaLlon whlch lncreases galns
O 8eLLer Lrade wlLhln Lrade blocs (no Larlffs)


D|sadvantages of 1rad|ng 8|ocs
O ulsLracLs governmenLs from large galns
O ulsLrlbuLe Lhe galns from Lrade unequally
O Low economlc beneflLs
O Lessens naLlonal soverelgnLy

WhaL Wlll 8e Lhe Llkely lmpacL of Crowlng Lconomlc ower of Chlna and lndla on lndlvlduals naLlonal and
MulLlnaLlonal llrms ln Lhe 21
sL
CenLury
O 8oLh Chlna and lndla have more Lhan a bllllon lnhablLanLs roughly a 3
Lh
of Lhe world's populaLlon each and
boLh lncreased Lhelr raLes of economlc growLh slgnlflcanLly
O 8oLh counLrles have seen rapld lndusLrlallsaLlon consequence Lhe beneflLs of growLh are noL shared
equally lncome dlsLrlbuLlon has become more uneven
O 8oLh counLrles sLlll have slgnlflcanL poverLy problems for large secLors of Lhelr populaLlons

CnIN
O CovernmenL ls sLlll exerLlng effecLlve conLrol over much of Lhe economy
O lrom around 1990 Lhe sLaLe owned enLerprlses rapldly developed lnfrasLrucLure
O lul Lo bulld facLorles whlch would be sLaffed by cheap labour also exLended rapldly
O AdvanLage of lnvolvlng Lhe prlvaLe secLor lndlvldual buslnesses could experlmenL Lhen successes could be
followed by any mlsLakes LhaL could be avolded

INDI
O Pas a long comblned prlvaLe enLerprlse wlLh regulaLlon buL wlLhouL Lhe exLenL of publlc conLrol seen ln
Chlna
O Cne esLlmaLe suggesLs LhaL Lhe slze of lndla's Cu wlll overLake LhaL of uSA ln 204030
O LlberallsaLlon ln Lhe economy has led Lo lncreaslng lnLegraLlon of Lhe counLry ln Lhe global economy Lhough
forelgn ownershlp of buslness ls sLlll regulaLed

1e Cverseas Impact of C|nese and Ind|an Growt
O Chlnas rapld lndusLrlallsaLlon has led Lo Lhe emergence of a formldable compeLlLor boLh as a seller ln Lhe
producL markeL and as a buyer ln Lhe markeLs for many raw maLerlals
O Lfflclency and low cosLs ln producL markeLs have been exaggeraLed by Lhe low valuaLlon of Lhe Chlnese
currency whlch Lhe governmenL has manlpulaLed (lL makes lL harder for producers ln oLher counLrles Lo
compeLe wlLh Chlnese goods)
O Much of whaL Chlna has produced has been relaLlvely labour lnLenslve and low Lechnology keeplng prlces
low
O lndlan growLh has served lnLernal demand more Lhan exporLs
O Many mulLlnaLlonal buslnesses have chosen Lo collaboraLe ln parLnershlps raLher Lhan compeLe head on wlLh
Chlnese flrms
O 8uslnesses have found Chlna a cheap and rellable provlder of ouLsourced parLs and componenLs once
preclse speclflcaLlons and quallLy sLandards have been agreed
O 8apld lncome growLh ln Chlna comblned wlLh Lhe uneven lncome dlsLrlbuLlon has creaLed some affluenL
consumers wlLh a growlng LasLe for luxury (Shanghal)
O Whlle Lhere are affluenL lndlans Lhe slze of Lhe lndlan markeL for luxurles has remalned relaLlvely low

now Does a Compan Dec|de J|c Countr|es to 1arget ssessment of a Countr Market?
O ueclslons abouL expandlng lnLo Lhe markeLs of addlLlonal counLrles are noL always Lhe resulL of careful
sLraLeglc plannlng
O Chance facLors such as personal knowledge of conLracLs have ofLen had a role Lo play parLlcularly for small
buslnesses
O Careful assessmenL of Lhe aLLracLlveness of a counLry's markeL enLalls conslderaLlon of many dlfferenL
facLors


actors of te ttract|veness of a Countr SLNDING C1LN1IL
O 1he slze of populaLlon and level of lncome deLermlnes Lhe number of consumers who are poLenLlal
cusLomers
O lor mosL producLs a hlgh and rlslng Cn per caplLa wlll be aLLracLlve showlng LhaL people can afford Lo
consume and wlll be able Lo ln Lhe fuLure
O lnferlor goods wlll noL beneflL from rlslng lncomes as people mlghL lose lnLeresL ln Lhem lf Lhelr lncomes rlse
O Cheap form of LransporL
O 1he sLrucLure of Lhe populaLlon ls also relevanL
O Agelng populaLlons ln some norLhern hemlsphere counLrles suggesL hlgher spendlng poLenLlal on producLs
whlch appeal Lo senlor clLlzens eg moLorlsed slLLlng down vehlcles


actors of te ttract|veness of a Countr CUL1UL
O 8uslnesses whlch assume LhaL consumers and dlsLrlbuLlon sysLems ln oLher counLrles wlll be Lhe same as ln
Lhelr domesLlc markeL wlll ofLen face unpleasanL surprlses
O 1radlLlon rellglon and Lhe paLLern of famlly llfe and oLher varlables all lnfluence whaL people by and how
Lhey buy lL
O Llfe ln urban communlLles ls dlfferenL from Lhe llfe ln Lhe counLryslde

actors of te ttract|veness of a Countr LCGIS1ICS
O racLlcal ulfflculLles and cosLs can creaLe an obsLacle Lo reachlng parLlcular markeLs
O lf a buslness decldes Lo manufacLure ln a new counLry Lhe ablllLy Lo source maLerlal Lhe avallablllLy of
power and sulLable labour and even Lhe sLablllLy of Lhe counLry become lmporLanL
O Selllng ln an new counLry requlres Lhe exlsLence of a sulLable dlsLrlbuLlon and reLalllng sysLem

actors of te ttract|veness of a Countr CCML1I1ICN
O A buslness wlll wanL Lo know how compeLlLlve an lndusLry ls ln a poLenLlal large markeL
O Where a markeL ls already lnLensely compeLlLlve proflL marglns are llkely Lo be squeezed Lhls wlll make Lhe
markeL less aLLracLlve unless Lhe buslness ls confldenL LhaL lL has a compeLlLlve advanLage Lo puL ahead of
rlvals
O CompeLlLlve rlvalry wlLhln an lndusLry can be effecLed by Lhe bargalnlng power of suppllers Lhe bargalnlng
power of consumers Lhe LhreaL of new enLranLs and Lhe LhreaL of subsLlLuLe producLs


Comparat|ve dvantage and Spec|a||sat|on
O 8SCLU1L DVN1GL refers Lo Lhe ablllLy Lo produce more of a good or servlce Lhan compeLlLors uslng
Lhe same amounL of resources A slmple and clear ablllLy Lo produce aL lower cosLs lor example Lo produce
Lroplcal frulLs ln a cool cllmaLe would be cosLly requlrlng arLlflclal heaLlng and llghLlng roducLlon ls slmply
cheaper ln Lroplcal counLrles because of Lhelr cllmaLe So Lhey have an absoluLe advanLage
O CCM1IVL DVN1GL SllghLly more compllcaLed lL's Lhe LconomlsL's Lechnlque of focuslng on a
slmpllfled model Lo ldenLlfy Lhe key concepLs work well ln Lhls case lL refers Lo Lhe ablllLy Lo produce a
parLlcular good of servlce aL a lower opporLunlLy cosL Lhan anoLher parLy So Lhe Lrade beLween a rlch and
efflclenL counLry and a poorer less producLlve counLry can beneflL Lhem boLh

Cons|derat|ons Needed 8efore 1rad|ng Internat|ona|| espons|b|||t to Stakeo|ders
O CS8 ls a way of recognlslng LhaL a company has a varleLy of sLake holders each of whlch have dlfferenL goals
O A slmple rush for ShorL run proflLs ls ofLen boLh damaglng ln Lhe long run and eLhlcally wrong 1hls lasL polnL
has lncreased slgnlflcance ln an age of CS8
O CS8 obllges buslnesses Lo conslder more Lhan [usL proflL buL Lo Lake accounL of Lhe lnLeresLs of workers
suppllers cusLomers and Lhe wlder communlLy as well as shareholders
O 1hey are generally expecLed Lo respecL Lhe envlronmenL Lo LreaL people falrly and Lo glve someLhlng back Lo
Lhe local communlLy
O Some buslnesses LreaL CS8 as a publlc relaLlons exerclse glvlng more prlorlLy Lo looklng good Lhan Lo dolng
good

Soc|o]Cu|tura| D|fferences |n Do|ng 8us|ness
O 1nL IMC1NCL C LCCL kNCJLLDGL Lhe deslre Lo avold problems due Lo unforeseen culLural and
language dlfferences helps Lo explaln why many buslnesses seek local parLners or use agenLs or use !Cln1
vLn1u8LS
O CMC1ICNL MLSSGLS a buslness whlch overcomes any obsLacles Lo lmporLlng or manufacLurlng
produces sLlll faces poLenLlal lssues lnvolved ln dlsLrlbuLlon and ln persuadlng cusLomers Lo buy 8oLh Lhe
words used ln promoLlon and Lhe subLle subconsclous messages conveyed should be LreaLed wlLh care
O IN1LN1ICNL 8NDING coca cola nlke M1v sLrong global brands achleved L of S ln markeLlng and
seem Lo draw culLures Lo Lhem lnsLead of adapLlng
O ICING S11LGILS prlce needs Lo remaln falrly conslsLenL LhroughouL Lhe world for example medlclne ln
developlng counLrles need ls greaL buL Lhey have no lncome Lo buy and fear of resale
O CIN1 VLN1ULS ls where Lwo of more companles share Lhe cosL responslblllLy and proflLs of a buslness
venLure 1he complexlLles arlslng from soclal and culLural dlfferences persuade many buslnesses LhaL lL ls
beLLer Lo work vla a local agenL or ln a [olnL venLure wlLh local companles ln order Lo galn lnslde lnformaLlon
on how Lo operaLe ln LhaL counLry Some counLrles block forelgn buslnesses so [olnL venLures ln Lhe only
opLlon DVN1GL culLural lnslghL DISDVN1GL share proflL bulld relaLlonshlps over large dlsLances


urpose of 1ar|ffs Laws and Import uotas 1I
O Are Laxes on lmporLs Lhe hlgher Lhe Laxes Lhe more expenslve Lhe lmporLs become? Plgh Larlffs resLrlcL
Lhe volume of Lrade
O 1hey add Lo Lhe prlce of Lhe lmporL shlfLlng Lhe supply curve upwards
O 1he hlgher prlce wlll ofLen dlscourage cusLomers parLlcularly lf Lhere ls a locally made subsLlLuLe
avallable
O A Larlff ls a Laxed placed on an lmporL Lo lncrease lLs prlce and decrease lLs demand
O uomesLlcally produced goods do noL lncur Lhe Larlff and so are llkely Lo be cheaper
O lL ls Lhe Lu shown by Lhe slope of Lhe demand curve whlch shows how a Larlff wlll reduce demand for
lmporLs
O A Larlff lncreases prlces for consumers so Lhey do noL beneflL dlrecLly 1he people LhaL do beneflL are Lhe
home producers and Lhelr employees
O 1arlff proLecLlon allows Lhem Lo sell more because Lhey galn a prlce advanLage compared Lo lmporLs
O So domesLlc producers galn a prlce advanLage
O Whlch can lncrease Lhelr [ob securlLy because hlgher lmporL prlces wlll puL many people off
O Can produce new buslnesses
O lnfanL lndusLry ArgumenL
O Can proLecL Lhem from unfalr compeLlLlon dumplng

IMC1 UC1S
O ls a llmlL on Lhe physlcal number of goods LhaL can be lmporLed over a perlod of Llme
O AlLernaLlve proLecLlonlsL pollcy
O W1C and Lrade bloc agreemenLs make lL lncreaslngly dlfflculL for counLrles Lo use Larlffs or oLher forms of
proLecLlon

J M|gt Countr|es Lrect rotect|on|st 8arr|ers
O MalnLaln a poslLlve Lrade balance
O uomesLlc producers may be offered addlLlonal proLecLlon
O LxlsLlng [obs can be proLecLed from compeLlLlon from low cosL manufacLurers
O new lndusLrles proLecLed
O lL allows a small lndusLry Lo develop and Lo lnnovaLe unLll lL can compeLe ln Lhe lnLernaLlonal markeL wlLhouL
barrlers

G|oba||sat|on GLC8L INDUS1ILS
O CloballsaLlon ls deflned as Lhe growlng lnLegraLlon and lnLerdependence of naLlons
O 1he lncreased freedom and capaclLy of lndlvlduals and flrms Lo underLake economlc LransacLlons wlLh
resldenLs of oLher counLrles and operaLe on a global scale
O Cne measure of Lhe lmpacL of globallsaLlon ls Lhe reducLlon of poverLy
O Clobal sLraLegy needs Lo be consldered by any buslness whlch sells producLs Lo overseas cusLomers
O Mergers and Lakeovers some buslnesses have grown relaLlvely slowly preferrlng Lo expand by lnLernal
growLh 1he alLernaLlve of exLernal growLh whlch enLalls mergers and Lakeovers allowlng fasLer growLh and
ls aLLracLlve where Lhe global capaclLy of an lndusLry ls already adequaLe Lo meeL global demand lL has Lhe
advanLage of removlng a rlval and sLrengLhenlng Lhe compeLlLlve poslLlon of Lhe buslness maklng Lhe
Lakeover 1he dlsadvanLages of Lakeovers are LhaL he large amounLs musL be ralsed Lo flnance deals LhaL
hlgh prlces are ofLen lnvolved and LhaL lL ls subsequenLly necessary Lo lnLegraLe Lhe culLure of acqulred
buslnesses


G|oba| Market|ng
O 1he lssue of global markeLlng and global brands evokes an emoLlve response from many people
O 1here are 3 dlfferenL Lypes of global markeLlng eLhnocenLrlc geocenLrlc and polycenLrlc
O MulLlnaLlonals use Lhelr slze power and brands Lo llmlL Lhe cholces avallable ln Lhelr efforLs Lo domlnaLe
Lhelr flled
O MlcrosofL has one of Lhe sLrongesL brands because lLs operaLlng sysLems are used around Lhe world
MarkeLlng ls broadly conslsLenL ln dlfferenL locaLlons alLhough prlce dlfferenLlaLlon ls used wlLh hlgher
prlces where consumers are consldered Lo be wllllng and able Lo pay more
O varlaLlons ln markeLlng preferences and language someLlmes makes changes ln brand names worLh whlle

dvantages of G|oba| Market|ng
O L of S ln producLlon and dlsLrlbuLlon
O Lower markeLlng cosLs
O ower ln Lhe markeL as your brand ls known
O ConslsLency ln brand lmage
O AblllLy Lo leverage good ldeas qulckly and efflclenLly
O unlformlLy of markeLlng pracLlses

D|sadvantages of G|oba| Market|ng
O ulfferences ln consumer needs wanLs and usage paLLerns for producLs
O ulfferences ln consumer responses Lo Lhe markeLlng mlx elemenLs
O ulfferences ln brand and producL developmenL and Lhe compeLlLlve envlronmenL
O ulfferences ln Lhe legal envlronmenL some of whlch may confllcL wlLh Lhose of Lhe markeL

G|oba| Market N|ces
O LxlsLs when Lhe domesLlc markeL for a good may be Loo small Lo be aLLracLlve buL where LargeLlng Lhls nlche
globally creaLes a larger markeL
O 1he exlsLence of lC ln mosL producLlve acLlvlLles encourages buslnesses Lo make and sell large quanLlLles so
LhaL Lhelr lC can be spread across more unlLs AC wlll fall and prlces can be aLLracLlve Lo cusLomers
O 1hls can also be aLLrlbuLed Lo Lhe lncreased use and avallablllLy of L commerce allowlng buslnesses who
wouldn'L have had enough money Lo buy land Lo sLlll Lrade

8enef|ts tat MNC br|ng to Cverseas Countr|es
O lncomlng MnC brlng lul Lhey fund caplLal formaLlon (lnvesLmenL) whlch creaLes addlLlonal producLlve
capaclLy
O CreaLes [obs
O new lnvesLmenL wlll lncrease ouLpuL of goods and servlces
O Any exLra ouLpuL sold abroad Lhus lncreaslng exporLs also lmporLs could be reduced
O 1axes pald lncreases governmenL funds enabllng Lhem Lo lmprove Lhelr servlces and lnfrasLrucLure
O An efflclenL MnC mlghL make hlgh quallLy producLs avallable aL lower prlces Lhan Lhere were prevlously
found helplng consumers
O lncreased compeLlLlon
O lmproved Lrade flows
O L of S
O roflL Slgnalllng Mechanlsm mulLlpller effecL

Negat|ve Impacts tat MNC ave on Cverseas Countr|es
O LxplolLaLlon of labour ln developlng counLles
O lnfluence on forelgn governmenLs Lo galn concesslons
O lmplemenLaLlon of worklng pracLlces whlch would be unaccepLable ln Lhelr home counLry
O Sale of unsafe producLs Lo consumers
O use of unsusLalnable resources
O uegradaLlon of local envlronmenL
O Local buslnesses mlghL be unable Lo compeLe and forced Lo close
O Some buslnesses may be drlven ouL of Lhe markeL due Lo compeLlLlon
O Local works mlghL obLaln low wage unskllled [obs noL lncreaslng Lhe counLrles human caplLal
O Loss of naLlonal ldenLlLy

Can MNC 8e Contro||ed
O uLLnuS Cn 1PL CWL8 Cl MnC many large MnC's comblne hlgh markeL share wlLh hlgh neL worLh and
seek Lo use Lhelr power Lo furLher Lhelr own ends
O LLCAL CCnS18Aln1S where legal sysLems LreaL companles as separaLe enLlLles and can only Lake acLlon
agalnsL Lhe company conLrol Lends Lo be weak ln oLher counLrles where lndlvlduals are held responslble for
Lhelr parL ln company declslons Lhe law ls ofLen LreaLed wlLh more respecL
O CLl1lCAL CCnS18AlnS many MnC are fooLloose and able Lo swlLch operaLlons beLween counLrles easlly
and Lhe LhreaL of leavlng Lhe counLry glves MnC a powerful weapon whenever Lhey are ln dlspuLe wlLh Lhe
governmenL
O 8LSSu8L C8CuS lmage consclousness makes large buslnesses relucLanL Lo suffer susLalned bouLs of
adverse publlclLy negaLlve publlclLy LhreaLens Lo harm sales lf consumers become uncomforLable abouL a
buslness and also reduces Lhe ablllLy of Lhe buslness Lo recrulL LalenLed people ln Lhe fuLure

J Mu|t|nat|ona|?
O 1o malnLaln/lncrease compeLlLlve advanLage and proflLablllLy
O 1o reduce cosLs
O 1o access new markeLs
O 1o secure resources
O 1o Lake advanLage of governmenL supporL ln hosL counLrles




Jn1 I NLLD 1C DD
O Uk's pos|t|on w|t g|oba| trade
O G|oba| Strateg VS G|oca||sat|on
O 1pes of g|oba| strateg
O Data tab|e for 8IC
O Info about te 8IC
O SJC1 for Ind|a and C|na
O 8us|ness Cu|ture Caracter|st|cs for Ind|a and C|na
O us and u|| actors
O Stuff of te seet we got Internat|ona| 8us|ness
O Def|n|t|ons
O nt|ng e|se m|ssed out on te spec
O LU and s|ng|e market benef|ts constra|nts better |n or out debate w|t te euro
O C (agr|cu|tura| po||c%
O Lxamp|e for comparat|ve advantage
O Ment|on compet|t|ve advantage
O Def|n|t|ons tab|e
O uest|ons and mode| answers I've done |n c|ass
O nt|ng m|ssed out w|c |s |n te textbook
O Some case stud|es on te owero|nt's and seets I can use
O M|nd maps I've done based on rev|s|on owero|nt
O uest|on and nswers from te 164 s||de owero|nt