Subject :Elements of Mechanical Engineering (ME-102) Section A (Short Answer Type Questions)

Sem: 1st

1. Define a Thermodynamic system. 2. What do you mean by macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints of thermodynamics. 3. What is a quasi-static process? 4. Define the terms state and property. 5. Define the terms process and cycle. 6. Define the term temperature. 7. Name different scales of temperature. 8. List some physical properties of matter used for measurement of temperature. 9. Define thermodynamic work. 10. Define the term Heat. 11. What do you mean by path function and point function? 12. State Boyles law. 13. What is the difference between universal gas constant and chracterstic gas constant? 14. Define first law of thermodynamics. 15. Define zeroth law of thermodynamics. 16. Give the relationship between Cp, Cv and R. 17. Define adiabatic process. 18. Define specific heat. 19. What do you mean by extensive properties? 20. What do you mean by intensive properties? 21. What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics? 22. Define Cp and Cv. 23. What is a steady flow process? 24. What do you mean by control volume? 25. Write the steady flow energy equation. 26. Define the term entropy. 27. Define the terms heat source and heat sink. 28. Sketch the Carnot cycle on P-V and T-S diagrams. 29. Define the term COP in case of refrigerator or heat pump. 30. Define the Kelvin Plank statement. 31. Define the Kelvin Plank statement 32. What do you mean by perpetual motion machine of first kind? 33. What do you mean by perpetual motion machine of second kind? 34. What is the importance of T-S diagram? 35. What is the importance of P-V diagram? 36. Show the adiabatic and isothermal processes on T-S diagram. 37. Define the term compression ratio in case of I C engines. 38. What is air standard efficiency? 39. What do you mean by cut-off ratio? 40. What do you mean by dead centers in case of an I C engine? 41. Define the term mean effective pressure. 42. What do you mean by an internal combustion engine?

43. Define the term scavenging. 44. Show the otto cycle on P-V and T-S diagrams. 45. Show the diesel cycle on P-V and T-S diagrams. 46. Show the dual cycle on P-V and T-S diagrams. 47. Define the term kinematic link. 48. Define the term kinematic pair. 49. Define the terms lower pair and higher pair. 50. Define the term Mechanical Advantage. 51. Define the term velocity ratio. 52. What do you mean by an ideal machine? 53. Define a machine. What are the advantages of a machine? 54. Define the terms Stress and Strain. 55. Define the term Elasticity. 56. What do you mean by elastic limit? 57. Define Hookes law. 58. Explain the term Poissons ratio. 59. Define the terms fatigue and creep. 60. Define Young modulus of elasticity. 61. Define modulus of rigidity. Section B (Long answer type questions) 1. Explain mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium. 2. Define and explain Zeroth law of thermodynamics. 3. Explain the term displacement work. 4. Give the points of similarities and differences between heat and work. 5. Show that heat is a path function and not a property. 6. Show that work is a path function and not a state function. 7. Prove that the characteristic gas equation is PV= mRT. 8. Define internal energy and show that it is a property of the system. 9. Establish the relationship between Cp, Cv and R. 10. What is an isothermal process? Derive an expression for the work done during an isothermal process. 11. Explain the free expansion process. 12. Prove that the adiabatic process follows the law PV = C. 13. Why gases have two specific heats? Explain. 14. Why Cp is greater than Cv? Explain. 15. What is a polytropic process? How does it differ from an adiabatic process? 16. Derive an expression for work done in a steady flow process. 17. What is a throttling process? Point out its salient features. 18. Derive the steady flow energy equation and apply it to a nozzle. 19. State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics. 20. Show the equivalence of Kelvin-Plank and Clausius statements. 21. Show that COP of a heat pump is greater than COP of a refrigerator by Unity. 22. Describe the working of Carnot cycle. 23. Discuss the factors due to which a Carnot cycle is not practicable in practice.

24. State and prove Carnot Theorem. 25. Prove that entropy is a property of a system. 26. Comment on the statement: The entropy of the universe tends to be maximum. 27. Derive the expression for the change in entropy for the constant volume process. 28. Derive the expression for the change in entropy for the constant pressure process. 29. Derive the expression for the change in entropy for the Polytropic process. 30. Derive the expression for the change in entropy for the adiabatic process. 31. Derive expression for air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure for otto cycle. 32. Derive expression for air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure for diesel cycle. 33. Derive expression for air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure for dual cycle. 34. Compare the efficiencies of otto, diesel and dual cycle for same compression ratio and same heat rejected. 35. Compare the efficiencies of otto, diesel and dual cycle for same maximum pressure and heat input. 36. Differentiate between two stroke and four stroke engines. 37. Differentiate between diesel engine and petrol engine. 38. Explain the working of a four-stroke petrol engine. 39. Explain the working of a two-stroke petrol engine. 40. Draw a four stroke diesel engine and explain its working. 41. Sketch and describe the four bar chain mechanism. 42. Describe an elliptical trammel. 43. Explain the working of a pantograph. 44. Explain with the help of neat sketches a single slider crank chain and its various inversions. 45. Prove that the condition for a self locking machine is that its efficiency should be less than 50%. 46. Explain the first system of pulleys. 47. Differentiate between stress and pressure. 48. What are the temperature stresses and strains? Explain. 49. Explain briefly the mechanical properties of materials. 50. State and explain Hookes law. 51. Explain the terms resilience and proof resilience. Numerical Problems 1. Find the temperature, which has the same value on both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. 2. Calculate the work done in a piston cylinder arrangement during an expansion process where the process is given by the equation P = (V2 + 6/V) bar. Assume that during expansion process the volume changes from 1 m3 to 4 m3. 3. A vessel of capacity 3 m3 contains 1 Kg-mol of N2 at 900C. Calculate pressure and the specific volume of the gas.

4. The following data refer to a closed system which undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of four processes: Process 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-1 Heat Transfer KJ/min 0 38000 -2000 -12000 Work Transfer KJ/min -10000 0 35500 -1500

Show that the data is consistent with the first law of thermodynamics and calculate: a) Net rate of work output in KW b) Efficiency of the cycle c) Change in internal energy for each process 5. Air initially at 0.6 bar, 800 K and occupying a volume of 0.1 m 3 is compressed isothermally until the volume is halved and subsequently it goes further compression at constant pressure till volume is halved again. Calculate the total work done and total heat interaction for the two processes. Assume ideal gas behavior for air and take Cp = 1.005 KJ/Kg K. 6. Water enters the boiler with enthalpy 200 KJ/Kg and gets vaporized into steam with enthalpy 2775 KJ/Kg. Apply steady flow energy equation to the boiler and calculate heat transferred per Kg of steam generated. Make appropriate assumptions. 7. In an isentropic flow through nozzle, air flows at the rate of 600 Kg/h. At inlet to the nozzle, pressure is 2 Mpa and the temperature is 127 0C. The exit pressure is 0.5 Mpa. Initial air velocity is 300 m/s. Calculate the exit velocity of air and inlet and exit diameters of the nozzle. Take = 1.4, Cp = 1.005 KJ/Kg K and R = 287 J/Kg K. 8. A heat engine working on Carnot cycle converts one fifth of the heat into work. When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 60 K, the efficiency becomes 2.5 times. Calculate the temperature of source and the sink. 9. Two Carnot engines work in series between the source and sink temperatures of 600 K and 400 K. If both the engines develop equal powers determine the intermediate temperature. 10. A heat pump is required to deliver 250 KJ/s to a high temperature reservoir. If the COP is 8, calculate the power needed to operate the pump. 11. 1 m3 of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from 305 K to 610 K and is then cooled reversibly at constant volume back to initial temperature. If the initial pressure is 1 bar, work out the net heat flow and overall change in entropy. Take Cp = 1.005 KJ/K and R = 287 J/Kg K. 12. A vessel of 2.5m3 capacity contains 1 Kg-mol of nitrogen at 1000C. If the gas is cooled to 300C, calculate the change in specific entropy. 13. An engine working on Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8:1. If the specific heat at const. volume increases by 1.5 %, determine the corresponding percentage change in thermal efficiency.

14. Calculate the loss of air standard efficiency of a Diesel cycle if the cut-off is delayed from 5 to 8%. The compression ratio is 12. 15. In an engine working on Diesel cycle the following data was obtained: Temp. at the beginning of the adiabatic compression = 400C Temp. at the end of const. Pressure process = 16000C Compression ratio = 14 Cp = 0.24 KJ/Kg K and Cv = 0.17 KJ/Kg K Calculate: a) the temperature at the end of adiabatic compression b) the percentage of stroke at which the cut-off occurs c) the temperature at the end of adiabatic expansion d) the air standard efficiency. 16. A system contains 0.15 m3 of a gas at 3.8 bar and 423 K. It is expanded adiabatically till the pressure falls to 1 bar. The gas is then heated at constant pressure till its enthalpy increases 70 KJ. Calculate the total work done. Take Cp= 1 KJ/Kg K, Cv= 0.714 KJ/Kg K and = 1.4. 17. In a pressure vessel, 10 m3 of Oxygen gas is stored at 50 bar and a temperature of 25oC. Calculate: a. The mass of the gas b. The molecular volume c. The density of the gas. 18. In a lifting machine whose velocity ratio is 40, an effort of 10 N is required to lift a load of 300 N. Is the machine reversible? If so, what effort should be applied so that the machine is at the verge of reversing? 19. The diameters in a wheel and axle machine are 45 cm and 15 cm respectively. A load of 1800 N is raised by applying a force of 800 N. What is the efficiency? What additional load could have been raised if the machine were frictionless? 20. In a third system of pulleys, there are 4 pulleys in all. Find the velocity ratio. If the efficiency of machine is 75%, find the load lifted by an effort of 1600 N. 21. Show that the volumetric strain for a cuboid is the algebraic sum of the linear strains of all the three sides. 22. A bar of 30 mm diameter is subjected to a pull of 50 KN. The measured extension on gauge length of 250 mm is 0.10 mm and change in diameter is 0.005 mm. Calculate: a) Youngs Modulus b) Poissons Ratio c) Bulk Modulus