Test Codes: S1A (Multiple-choice Type) and

S1B (Short Answer Type) 2006

Questions will be set on the following and related topics.

Algebra: Sets, operations on sets. Prime numbers, factorization of integers

and divisibility. Rational and irrational numbers. Permutations and
combinations. Binomial theorem. Logarithms. Theory of quadratic
equations. Polynomials and remainder theorem. Arithmetic and geo-
metric progressions. Inequalities involving AM, GM, and HM. Com-
plex numbers.

Geometry: Plane geometry of class X level. Geometry of 2 dimensions

with Cartesian and polar coordinates. Concept of a locus. Equation
of a line, angle between two lines, distance from a point to a line. Area
of a triangle. Equations of circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola and
equations of their tangents and normals. Mensuration.

Trigonometry: Measures of angles. Trigonometric and inverse trigono-

metric functions. Trigonometric identities including addition formulæ,
solutions of trigonometric equations. Properties of triangles. Heights
and distances.

Calculus: Functions, one-one functions, onto functions. Limits and con-

tinuity. Derivatives and methods of differentiation. Slope of a curve.
Tangents and normals. Maxima and minima. Use of calculus in sketch-
ing graph of functions. Methods of integration, definite and indefinite
integrals, evaluation of area using integrals.

Logical Reasoning: Consistency of statements.

Note. The actual selection paper will have about 30 questions in S1A and
about 10 questions in S1B. A candidate may answer as many as possible.

Sample Questions for S1A

1. For a given real number α > 0, define an = (1α + 2α + · · · + nα )n and

bn = nn (n!)α for n = 1, 2, .... Then

(A) an < bn for all n > 1,

(B) there exists an integer n > 1 such that an < bn ,
(C) an > bn for all n > 1,
(D) there exist integers n and m both larger than one such that an >
bn and am < bm .

1
2. The last digit of (2137)754 is

(A) 1, (B) 3, (C) 7, (D) 9.

3. The sum of all distinct four digit numbers that can be formed using
the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, each digit appearing at most once, is

(A) 399900, (B) 399960, (C) 390000, (D) 360000.

4. If n is a positive integer such that 8n + 1 is a perfect square, then

(A) n must be odd,

(B) n cannot be a perfect square,
(C) n must be a prime number,
(D) 2n cannot be a perfect square.

5. The coefficient of a3 b4 c5 in the expansion of (bc + ca + ab)6 is

   
12! 6 6
(A) , (B) 3!, (C) 33, (D) 3 .
3!4!5! 3 3

6. If log10 x = 10log100 4 then x equals

(A) 410 , (B) 100, (C) log10 4, (D) none of the above.

7. Let C denote the set of all complex numbers. Define A and B by

A = {(z, w) : z, w ∈ C and |z| = |w|},

B = {(z, w) : z, w ∈ C and z 2 = w2 }.

Then

(A) A = B, (B) A ⊆ B and A 6= B,

(C) B ⊆ A and B 6= A, (D) none of the above.

8. Consider the two arithmetic progressions 3, 7, 11, . . . , 407 and 2, 9, 16,

. . . , 709. The number of common terms of these two progressions is

(A) 0, (B) 7, (C) 14, (D) 15.

9. If positive numbers a, b, c, d are such that 1/a, 1/b, 1/c, 1/d are in arith-
metic progression then we always have

2
 (A) a + d ≥ b + c, (B) a + b ≥ c + d,
(C) a + c ≥ b + d, (D) none of the above.

10. The set of all real numbers x satisfying the inequality x3 (x+1)(x−2) ≥
0 is

(A) the interval [2, ∞), (B) the interval [0, ∞),
(C) the interval [−1, ∞), (D) none of the above.

11. z 1 , z2 are two complex numbers with z2 6= 0 and z1 6= z2 and satisfying

 z1 + z 2  z1
 z1 − z2  = 1. Then z2 is
 

(A) real and negative,

(B) real and positive,
(C) purely imaginary,
(D) none of the above need to be true always.

12. Let A be the fixed point (0, 4) and B be a moving point (2t, 0). Let
M be the mid-point of AB and let the perpendicular bisector of AB
meet the y-axis at R. The locus of the mid-point P of M R is

(A) y + x2 = 2, (B) x2 + (y − 2)2 = 1/4,

(C) (y − 2)2 − x2 = 1/4, (D) none of the above.

13. A circle of radius a, with both the coordinates of its centre positive,
touches the x-axis and the straight line 3y = 4x. Then its equation is

(A) x2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2ay + a2 = 0,

(B) x2 + y 2 − 6ax − 4ay + 12a2 = 0,
(C) x2 + y 2 − 4ax − 2ay + 4a2 = 0,
(D) x2 + y 2 − 2ax − 6ay + a2 = 0.

14. In a triangle ABC, the medians AM and CN to the sides BC and AB

respectively, intersect at the point O. Let P be the mid point of AC
and let M P intersect CN at Q. If the area of the triangle OM Q is s
square units, the area of ABC is

(A) 16s, (B) 18s, (C) 21s, (D) 24s.

15. The set of all solutions of the equation cos 2θ = sin θ + cos θ is given by

(A) θ = 0,

3
 (B) θ = nπ + π2 , where n is any integer,
π
(C) θ = 2nπ or θ = 2nπ − 2 or θ = nπ − π4 , where n is any integer,
(D) θ = 2nπ or θ = nπ + π4 , where n is any integer.

16. The sides of a triangle are given to be x2 + x + 1, 2x + 1 and x2 − 1.

Then the largest of the three angles of the triangle is
 
x
(A) 75◦ , (B) π radians, (C) 120◦ , (D) 135◦ .
x+1

17. Two poles, AB of length two metres and CD of length twenty metres
are erected vertically with bases at B and D. The two poles are at a
distance not less than twenty metres. It is observed that tan ∠ACB =
2/77. The distance between the two poles is

(A) 72m, (B) 68m, (C) 24m, (D) 24.27m.

18. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle and sin2 A + sin2 B = sin2 C,

then C is equal to

(A) 30◦ , (B) 90◦ , (C) 45◦ , (D) none of the above.
 
1
19. In the interval (−2π, 0), the function f (x) = sin
x3
(A) never changes sign,
(B) changes sign only once,
(C) changes sign more than once, but finitely many times,
(D) changes sign infinitely many times.

(ex − 1) tan2 x
20. lim
x→0 x3

(A) does not exist, (B) exists and equals 0,

(C) exists and equals 2/3, (D) exists and equals 1.

21. Let f1 (x) = ex , f2 (x) = ef1 (x) and generally fn+1 (x) = efn (x) for all
d
n ≥ 1. For any fixed n, the value of fn (x) is equal to
dx

(A) fn (x), (B) fn (x)fn−1 (x),

(C) fn (x)fn−1 (x) · · · f1 (x), (D) fn+1 (x)fn (x) · · · f1 (x)ex .

4
22. If the function
 2
 x − 2x + A

if x 6= 0
f (x) = sin x

B if x=0


is continuous at x = 0, then

(A) A = 0, B = 0, (B) A = 0, B = −2,

(C) A = 1, B = 1, (D) A = 1, B = 0.

23. A truck is to be driven 300 kilometres (kms.) on a highway at a

constant speed of x kms. per hour. Speed rules of the highway require
that 30 ≤ x ≤ 60. The fuel costs ten rupees per litre and is consumed
at the rate 2 + (x2 /600) litres per hour. The wages of the driver are
200 rupees per hour. The most economical speed (in kms. per hour)
to drive the truck is
√ √
(A) 30, (B) 60, (C) 30 3.3, (D) 20 33

24. A right circular cone is cut from a solid sphere of radius a, the vertex
and the circumference of the base being on the surface of the sphere.
The height of the cone, when its volume is maximum, is

4a 3a 6a
(A) , (B) , (C) a, (D) .
3 2 5

x2
25. Let f be the function f (x) = cos x − 1 + . Then
2
(A) f (x) is an increasing function on the real line,
(B) f (x) is a decreasing function on the real line,
(C) f (x) is an increasing function on the interval (−∞, 0] and decreas-
ing on the interval [0, ∞),
(D) f (x) is a decreasing function on the interval (−∞, 0] and increas-
ing on the interval [0, ∞).

26. The area of the region bounded by the straight lines x = 21 and x = 2,
and the curves given by the equations y = loge x and y = 2x is
1 √ 5 3
(A) (4 + 2) − loge 2 + ,
loge 2 2 2
1 √ 5
(B) (4 − 2) − loge 2,
loge 2 2

5
 1 √ 5 3
(C) (4 − 2) − loge 2 + ,
loge 2 2 2
(D) none of the above.

e−t
Z 1 t Z a
e
27. If b = dt then dt is
0 t+1 a−1 t − a − 1

(A) bea , (B) be−a , (C) −be−a , (D) −bea .

28. Let P, Q, R and S be four statements such that if P is true then Q is

true, if Q is true then R is true and if S is true then at least one of Q
and R is false. It then follows that

(A) if S is false then both Q and R are true,

(B) if at least one of Q and R is true then S is false,
(C) if P is true then S is false,
(D) if Q is true then S is true.

29. Given that the real numbers a ≥ 0, b ≥ 0, c ≥ 0 are such that a+b+c =
4 and (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = 24, which of the following statements is
true?

(A) More information is needed to find the values of a, b and c,

(B) Even when a is given to be 1, more information is needed to find
the values of b and c,
(C) The system of two equations is inconsistent,
(D) By suitably fixing the values of a and b, the value of c can be
determined.
2 2
30. The number
 π of roots of the equation x + sin x = 1 in the closed
interval 0, 2 is

(A) 0, (B) 1, (C) 2, (D) 3.

31. The smallest positive integer n with 24 divisors, where 1 and n are also
considered as divisors of n, is equal to

(A) 240, (B) 360, (C) 420, (D) 480.

32. Let a1 , a2 , . . . be a sequence of real numbers such that limn→∞ an = ∞.

For any real number x define an integer valued function f (x) as the
smallest positive integer n for which an ≥ x. Then for any integer
n ≥ 1 and any real number x,

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 (A) f (an ) ≤ n and af (x) ≥ x, (B) f (an ) ≤ n and af (x) ≤ x,
(C) f (an ) ≥ n and af (x) ≥ x, (D) f (an ) ≥ n and af (x) ≤ x.

33. The number of maps f from the set {1, 2, 3} into the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
such that f (i) ≤ f (j) whenever i < j is

(A) 60, (B) 50, (C) 35, (D) 30.

34. The number of distinct solutions (x, y) of the system of equations

x2 = y 2 , and (x − a)2 + y 2 = 1
where a is any real number, can only be
(A) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, (B) 0, 1 or 3,
(C) 0, 1, 2 or 4, (D) 0, 2, 3 or 4.

35. The set of values of m for which mx2 − 6mx + 5m + 1 > 0 for all real
x is

(A) m < 41 , (B) m ≥ 0, (C) 0 ≤ m ≤ 14 , (D) none of the above.

36. A lantern is placed on the ground 100 feet away from a wall. A man six
feet tall is walking at a speed of 10 feet/second from the lantern to the
nearest point on the wall. When he is midway between the lantern and
the wall, the rate of change (in ft./sec.) in the length of his shadow is

(A) 2.4, (B) 3, (C) 3.6, (D) 12.

37. The locus of the foot of the perpendicular from any focus upon any
tangent to the ellipse x2 /a2 + y 2 /b2 = 1 is

(A) x2 /b2 + y 2 /a2 = 1, (B) x2 + y 2 = a2 + b2 ,

(C) x2 + y 2 = a2 (D) none of the foregoing curves.
38. An isosceles triangle with base 6 cms. and base angles 30◦ each is
inscribed in a circle. A second circle touches the first circle and also
touches the base of the triangle at its midpoint. If the second circle is
situated outside the triangle, then its radius (in cms.) is
√ √ √ √
(A) 3 3/2, (B) 3/2, (C) 3, (D) 4/ 3.
Z 2
39. The set of values of a for which the integral (|x − a| − |x − 1|) dx is
0
nonnegative, is
(A) all numbers a ≥ 1, (B) all real numbers,
(C) all numbers a with 0 ≤ a ≤ 2, (D) all numbers a ≤ 1.

7
40. The digit in the unit’s place of the number 1! + 2! + 3! + · · · + 99! is

(A) 0, (B) 1, (C) 3, (D) 7.

12 + 22 + · · · + n 2
41. Let α = lim ,
n→∞ n3
(13 − 12 ) + (23 − 22 ) + · · · + (n3 − n2 )
β = lim . Then
n→∞ n4

(A) α = β, (B) α < β, (C) 4α = 3β, (D) 3α = 4β.

42. Consider the statement: x(α − x) < y(α − y) for all x, y with 0 < x <
y < 1. The statement is true

(A) if and only if α ≥ 2, (B) if and only if α < 2,

(C) if and only if α < −1, (D) for no value of α.

1000n
43. If an = , for n = 1, 2, 3, . . ., then the sequence {an }
n!
(A) does not have a maximum,
(B) attains maximum at exactly one value of n,
(C) attains maximum at exactly two values of n,
(D) attains maximum for infinitely many values of n.

44. Let S = {1, 2, . . . , n}. The number of possible pairs of the form (A, B)
with A ⊆ B for subsets A and B of S is
n   
X n n
(A) 2n , (B) 3n , (C) , (D) n!.
k n−k
k=0

45. Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls labelled 1, 2, . . . , 10.

Suppose one ball is drawn from each of the boxes. Denote by ni , the
label of the ball drawn from the i-th box, i = 1, 2, 3. Then the number
of ways in which the balls can be chosen such that n1 < n2 < n3 is

(A) 120, (B) 130, (C) 150, (D) 160.

46. The maximum of the areas of the isosceles triangles with base on the
positive x-axis and which lie below the curve y = e−x is:

(A) 1/e, (B) 1, (C) 1/2, (D) e.

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 Sample Questions for S1B

1. How many natural numbers less than 108 are there, with sum of digits
equal to 7?

2. We say that a sequence {θn } of real numbers converges to λ if, for

every positive real number ε, there exists a positive integer m, such
that, for every n ≥ m, |θn − λ| ≤ ε. Using this definition, show that
the sequence { n1 } does not converge to 0.3.

3. Consider the function

loge (2 + x) − x2n sin x
f (x) = lim
n→∞ 1 + x2n
defined for x > 0. Is f (x) continuous at x = 1? Justify your answer.
Show that f (x) does not vanish anywhere in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ π2 .
Indicate the points where f (x) changes sign.

4. Suppose all the three equations ax2 − 2bx + c = 0, bx2 − 2cx + a = 0

and cx2 − 2ax + b = 0 have only positive roots. Show that a = b = c.

5. Show that
250
√ X 1 √
2( 251 − 1) < √ < 2( 250).
k=1
k

6. Let θ1 , . . . , θ10 be any 10 values in the closed interval [0, π]. Show that
the product
 10
9
(1 + sin2 θ1 )(1 + cos2 θ1 ) · · · (1 + sin2 θ10 )(1 + cos2 θ10 ) ≤ .
4

What is the maximum value attainable by this product and at what

values of θ1 , . . . , θ10 is the maximum attained?

7. Find all positive integers x such that [x/5] − [x/7] = 1, where, for any
real number t, [t] is the greatest integer less than or equal to t.

8. Two intersecting circles are said to be orthogonal to each other if the

tangents to the two circles at any point of intersection are perpendicu-
lar to each other. Show that every circle through the points (2, 0) and
(−2, 0) is orthogonal to the circle x2 + y 2 − 5x + 4 = 0.

9. Show that there is exactly one value of x which satisfies the equation

2 cos2 (x3 + x) = 2x + 2−x .

9
10. An oil-pipe has to connect the oil-well O and the factory F , between
which there is a river whose banks are parallel. The pipe must cross
the river perpendicular to the banks. Find the position and nature of
the shortest such pipe and justify your answer.

11. Let x = (x1 , . . . , xn ) and y = (y1 , . . . , yn ) where x1 , · · · , xn , y1 , · · · , yn

are real numbers. We write x > y if either x1 > y1 or for some k,
with 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1, we have x1 = y1 , . . . , xk = yk , but xk+1 > yk+1 .
Show that for u = (u1 , . . . , un ), v = (v1 , . . . , vn ), w = (w1 , . . . , wn ) and
z = (z1 , . . . , zn ), if u > v and w > z, then u + w > v + z.

12. For any positive integer n, let f (n) be the remainder obtained on
dividing n by 9. For example, f (263) = 2.

(a) Let n be a three-digit number and m be the sum of its digits.

Show that f (m) = f (n)
(b) Show that f (n1 n2 ) = f (f (n1 ) · f (n2 )) where n1 , n2 are any two
positive three-digit integers.

13. Suppose that the roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are rational numbers and

p, q are integers. Then show that the roots are integers.

14. Sketch the set A B in the complex plane, where A = {z : | z+1

T
z−1 | ≤ 1},
B = {z : |z| − Re(z) ≤ 1} and Re(z) denote the real part of z.

15. Using Calculus, draw a rough sketch of the function

x+1
f (x) =
(x − 1)(x − 7)

as x ranges over all possible values for which the above formula for
f (x) is meaningful.

16. Let
P (x) = xn + an−1 xn−1 + an−2 xn−2 + · · · + a1 x + a0
be a polynomial with integer coefficients, such that P (0) and P (1) are
odd integers. Show that:

(a) P (x) does not have any even integer as root.

(b) P (x) does not have any odd integer as root.

17. Prove by induction or otherwise that for every integer n ≥ 0,

Z π/2
sin(2n + 1)x π
dx = .
0 sin x 2

10
 18. Consider the parabola y 2 = 4x. Let P = (ξ, η) be any point inside the
parabola, i.e., η 2 < 4ξ, and let F be the focus of the parabola. Find
the point Q on the parabola such that F Q + QP is minimum. Also,
show that the normal at Q to the parabola bisects the angle ∠F QP .

19. Let N = {1, 2, . . . , n} be a set of elements called voters. Let C =

{S : S ⊆ N } be the set of all subsets of N . Members of C are called
coalitions. Let f be a function from C to {0, 1}. A coalition S ⊆ N
is said to be winning if f (S) = 1; it is said to be a losing coalition
if f (S) = 0. A pair hN, f i as above is called a voting game if the
following conditions hold.

(a) N is a winning coalition.

(b) The empty set ∅ is a losing coalition.
(c) If S is a winning coalition and S ⊆ S 0 , then S 0 is also winning.
(d) If both S and S 0 are winning coalitions, then S ∩ S 0 6= ∅, i.e., S
and S 0 have a common voter.

Show that the maximum number of winning coalitions of a voting game

is 2n−1 . Find a voting game for which the number of winning coalitions
is 2n−1 .

20. Suppose f is a real-valued differentiable function defined on [1, ∞) with

f (1) = 1. Suppose, moreover, that f satisfies f 0 (x) = 1/(x2 + f 2 (x)).
Show that f (x) ≤ 1 + π/4 for every x ≥ 1.

Note. Specimen copies of S1A and S1B papers are enclosed to

give a rough idea.

11
 S1A

1. How many three-digit numbers of distinct digits can be formed by

using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 such that the sum of digits is at least 12?

(A) 61 (B) 66 (C) 60 (D) 11.

2. The sum of all integers from 1 to 1000 that are divisible by 2 or 5 but
not divisible by 4 equals

(A) 175000 (B) 225500 (C) 149500 (D) 124000

3. Let a be the 81-digit number all digits of which are equal to 1. Then
the number a is

(A) divisible by 9 but not divisible by 27

(B) divisible by 27 but not divisible by 81
(C) divisible by 81 but not divisible by 243
(D) divisible by 243.
√
4. If 3 + 1 is a root of the equation 3x3 + ax2 + bx + 12 = 0 where a
and b are rational numbers, then b is equal to

(A) −6 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 10.

5. The equation x(x + 3) = y(y − 1) − 2 represents

(A) a hyperbola (B) a pair of straight lines

(C) a point (D) none of the above.

√  15 √  15
     
1 1
6. The value of −1 + 3i + −1 − 3i is
2 2

(A) −1 (B) 0 (C) 1/214 (D) 2.

12
7. Let P = (0, a), Q = (b, 0), R = (c, d), be three points such that a, b, c
and d are all positive and the origin and the point R are on the opposite
sides of P Q. Then the area of the triangle P QR is equal to

ad + bc − ab ab + ac − bd
(A) (B)
2 2
ab + bd − ac ac + bd − ab
(C) (D) .
2 2

8. Let A1 , A2 , . . . , An be the interior angles of an n-sided convex polygon.

Then the value of

cos (A1 + A2 + · · · + Ak )
cos (Ak+1 + Ak+2 + · · · + An )

k
!
X
where cos Ai 6= 0 for any k = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1
i=1

(A) is independent of both k and n.

(B) is independent of k but depends on n.
(C) is independent of n but depends on k.
(D) depends on both k and n.
 
1
9. If x = loge √ , then the value of
tan 15◦

∞
X
e−2nx
n=0
∞
X
(−1)n e−2nx
n=0

equals

√ √
√ 1 3+1 3−1
(A) 3 (B) √ (C) √ (D) √ .
3 3−1 3+1

13
10. Let P (x) be a polynomial of degree 11 such that
1
P (x) = , for x = 0, 1, 2, . . . , 11.
x+1
Then the value of P (12)

(A) equals 0 (B) equals 1

1
(C) equals (D) cannot be determined from
13
the given information.

z+1
11. Let S denote the set of all complex numbers of the form where
z−3
z varies over the set of all complex numbers with |z| = 1. Then

(A) the set S is a straight line in the complex plane.

(B) the set S is a circle of radius 1/2 in the complex plane.
(C) the set S is a circle of radius 1/4 in the complex plane.
(D) the set S is an ellipse with axes 1/2 and 1/4 in the complex plane.
∞ ∞
X x2n+1 X x2n
12. Define f (x) = and g(x) = , where x is a real
(2n + 1)! (2n)!
n=0 n=0
number. Then,

(A) f (x) > g(x) for all x (B) f (x) < g(x) for all x
(C) f (x) = g(x) for all x (D) none of the above need
necessarily hold for all x.

13. The number of roots of the equation

5
sin πx = x2 − x +
4
is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4.

14. Let (
0 if x≤1
f (x) =
log2 x if x>1
and let f (2) (x) = f (f
(x)), f (3) (x) = f (f (2) (x)), . . ., and generally,

f (n+1) (x) = f f (n) (x) . Let N (x) = min n ≥ 1 : f (n) (x) = 0 . Then


the value of N (425268) is

14
 (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7.

15. Let f be a positive differentiable function defined on (0, ∞). Then

!n
f (x + n1 )
lim
n→∞ f (x)

f 0 (x)
(A) equals 1 (B) equals
f (x)
f 0 (x)
 

(C) equals e f (x) (D) may not exist for some f .

Z 2π
16. The value of |1 + 2 sin x| dx is
0

2π π √ 2π
(A) 2π (B) (C) 4 + (D) 4 3 + .
3 3 3

17. The area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis and
the curves y = 2 − x2 and x = y 2 is
√ √
4 2 4 2 2√4 2√4
(A) (B) −1 (C) 8 (D) 1 + 8.
3 3 3 3

18. Let ABC be a right angled triangle with BC = 3 and AC = 4. Let D

be a point on the hypotenuse AB such that ∠BCD = 30◦ . The length
of CD is
√
24 3 3 √ 25
(A) √ (B) (C) 6 3 − 8 (D) .
3+4 3 2 12

19. Suppose two complex numbers z = a + ib and w = c + id satisfy the

equation
z+w w
= .
z z+w
Then

(A) both a and c are zero

(B) both b and d are zero
(C) both b and d must be non-zero
(D) at least one of b and d is non-zero.

15
20. Consider a circle of radius a. Let P be a point at a distance b ( > a)
from the centre of the circle. The tangents from the point P to the
circle meet the circle at Q and R. Then the area of the triangle P QR
is

3/2 √
a b2 − a2 a2 b2 − a2
(A) (B)
b2 b
√
3/2
b2 b2 − a2 b b2 − a2
(C) (D) .
a a2

21. Let f (x) be the function defined on the interval (0, 1) by


 x(1 − x) if x is rational
f (x) =
 1 − x(1 − x) if x is not rational
4

Then f is continuous

(A) at no point in (0, 1)

(B) at exactly one point in (0, 1)

(C) at exactly two points in (0, 1)

(D) at more than two points in (0, 1).

16
22. Let a be a positive number. Then
 
1 1 1
lim + + ... +
n→∞ a + n 2a + n an + n

equals

(A) 0 (B) loge (1 + a)

1
(C) loge (1 + a) (D) none of the above.
a

 n  −n
1 1
23. lim 1+ − 1+ is
n→∞ n n

1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 1 − e−1 (D) 0.
e−1

24. The value of

2+6 2+2×6 2+3×6 2 + 99 × 6 2 + 100 × 6

100
+ 99
+ 98
+ ··· + +
4 4 4 42 4

is equal to

   
1 1 1 1
(A) 604 − 98 (B) 600 − 98
3 4 3 4
604
(C) (D) 200.
3

25. Let f (x) = ex ,

x2
(
if x < 1/2
g(x) =
1
x− 4 if x ≥ 1/2

and h(x) = f (g(x)). The derivative of h at x = 1/2

(A) is e (B) is e1/2 (C) is e1/4 (D) does not exist.

17
26. Let a, b and c be the sides of a right-angled triangle, where a is the
hypotenuse. Let d be the diameter of the inscribed circle. Then

(A) d + a = b + c (B) d + a < b + c

(C) d + a > b + c (D) none of the above relations
need always be true.

27. Let P be a point in the first quadrant lying on the parabola y = 4 − x2 .

Let AB be the tangent to the parabola at P meeting the x-axis at A
and the y-axis at B. If O is the origin, then the minimum possible
area of the triangle OAB is

64 32 √ √
(A) √ (B) √ (C) 64(3 3) (D) 32(3 3).
3 3 3 3

28. The value of the expression

  
XX
i−j+1 n n
(−1)
i j
0≤i<j≤n

is
   
2n − 1 2n
(A) (B)
n n
 
2n + 1
(C) (D) none of the above.
n

29. A man standing at a point O finds that a balloon at a height h metres

due east of him has an angle of elevation 60◦ . He walks due north while
the balloon moves north-west (45◦ west of north) remaining at the same
height. After he has walked 100 metres the balloon is vertically above
him. Then the value of h in metres is
√ √ √
(A) 50 (B) 50 3 (C) 100 3 (D) 100/ 3.

30. About the dolls in a shop a customer said “It is not true that some
dolls have neither black hair nor blue eyes”. The customer means that

(A) some dolls have both black hair and blue eyes.
(B) all dolls have both black hair and blue eyes.
(C) some dolls have either black hair or blue eyes.
(D) all dolls have either black hair or blue eyes.

18
 S1B

Note: Try to give complete answers showing clearly how the steps are ob-
tained. However, you will get some marks for partially correct answers.

1. Let a, b and c be the sides of a right angled triangle. Let θ be the

smallest angle of this triangle. If 1/a, 1/b and 1/c
√ are also the sides of
5−1
a right angled triangle then show that sin θ = .
2

2. Let
Z 1
f (x) = |t − x|t dt
0

for all real x. Sketch the graph of f (x). What is the minimum value
of f (x)?

3. Let f be a function defined on

{(i, j) : i andj are positive integers}

satisfying

1
(i) f (i, i + 1) = for all i
3
(ii) f (i, j) = f (i, k) + f (k, j) − 2f (i, k)f (k, j) for all k such that i <
k < j.

Find the value of f (1, 100).

4. Find all solutions of

sin5 x + cos3 x = 1.

5. Consider an acute angled triangle P QR such that C, I and O are the

circumcentre, incentre and orthocentre respectively. Suppose ∠QCR, ∠QIR
and ∠QOR, measured in degrees, are α, β and γ respectively. Show
that
1 1 1 1
+ + > .
α β γ 45

19
6. Let f be a function defined on (0, ∞) as follows:

1
f (x) = x + .
x
Let h be a function defined for all x ∈ (0, 1) as

x4
h(x) = .
(1 − x)6

Suppose that g(x) = f (h(x)) for all x ∈ (0, 1).

(a) Show that h is a strictly increasing function.

(b) Show that there exists a real number x0 ∈ (0, 1) such that g is
strictly decreasing in the interval (0, x0 ] and strictly increasing in
the interval [x0 , 1).

7. For integers m, n ≥ 1, let Am,n , Bm,n and Cm,n denote the following
sets:

Am,n = {(α1 , α2 , . . . , αm ) : 1 ≤ α1 ≤ α2 ≤ . . . ≤ αm ≤ n,
αi is an integer for all i}
Bm,n = {(α1 , α2 , . . . , αm ) : α1 + α2 + · · · + αm = n,
αi ≥ 0 is an integer for all i}
Cm,n = {(α1 , α2 , . . . , αm ) : 1 ≤ α1 < α2 < . . . < αm ≤ n
αi is an integer for all i}

(a) Define a one-one onto map from Am,n onto Bm+1,n−1 .

(b) Define a one-one onto map from Am,n onto Cm,n+m−1 .
(c) Find the number of elements of the sets Am,n and Bm,n .

8. A function f (n) defined on the set of positive integers is said to be

multiplicative if f (mn) = f (m)f (n) whenever m and n have no com-
mon factors greater than 1. Are the following functions multiplicative?
Justify your answer.

(a) g(n) = 5k where k is the number of distinct primes which divide

n
0 if n is divisible by k 2 for some integer k > 1
(
(b) h(n) =
1 otherwise.
9. Suppose that to every point of the plane a colour, either red or blue,
is associated.

20
 (a) Show that if there is no equilateral triangle with all vertices of
the same colour then there must exist three points A, B and C
of the same colour such that B is the mid-point of AC.
(b) Show that there must be an equilateral triangle with all vertices
of the same colour.

10. Let ABC be a triangle. Take n points lying on the side AB (different
from A and B) and connect all of them by straight lines to the vertex
C. Similarly, take n points on the side AC and connect them to B.
Into how many regions is the triangle ABC partitioned by these lines?
Further, take n points on the side BC also and join them with A.
Assume that no three straight lines meet at a point other than A, B
and C. Into how many regions is the triangle ABC partitioned now?

21