MaBNVCO08 Unit Five Graph and Transformations CH 13 Simultaneous Equations

MaBNVCO08 Unit Five Graph and Transformations Ch 13 Simultaneous Equations NV-College
Selected Solved Problems: Math B: Unit 5: Graphs and Transformations Ch 13 Simultaneous Equations
G.MaB.13.1.1-4 VG.MaB.13.1.9 G.MaB.13.2.1-3 VG.MaB.13.2.13-14 VG.MaB.13.2.21 MVG.MaB.13.3.20 G.MaB.13.1.5-6 VG.MaB.13.1.10 G.MaB.13.2.5-6 VG.MaB.13.2.15-16 MVG.MaB.13.3.21 G.MaB.13.1.7 VG.MaB.13.1.11 G.MaB.13.2.7-9 VG.MaB.13.2.17-18 MVG.MaB.13.3.22 G.MaB.13.1.8 VG.MaB.13.1.12 G.MaB.13.2.10-12 VG.MaB.13.2.19-20 MVG.MaB.13.3.23
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Summery: Unit Five Graph and Transformations Ch 13 Simultaneous Equations:

Coefficient: The number in front of a letter is called coefficient. Simultaneous Equations: Two linearly independent equations together may form a pair of simultaneous equations. The solutions of the simultaneous equations are pair of numbers that satisfy both equations.
2 is the coefficient of x 2x x 1 is the coefficient of x x 1 is the coefficient of x 3 5x 5 is the coefficient of x 3 Solving by elimination: To eliminate a variable from a pair of equations, subtract when the coefficients are the same, and add when the coefficients are equal but of the opposite sign.
x + 2 y = 5 2 x y = 15 x + 2 y = 5 4 x 2 y = 30 // // x + 2 y + 4 x 2 y = 5 + 30 x + 4 x = 35 5 x = 35 35 x= 5 x=7 2 x y = 10 2 7 y = 15 14 y = 15 14 15 = y y = 1 Note that the pair of answers x = 7 , and y = 1 must both satisfy both equations.
Solving by elimination: We may solve a pair of simultaneous linear equations by eliminating one of the variables from the system. This may be achieved by properly multiplying both sides of one of the equations by a number and the subtracting or adding the equations. x + 2 y = 5 we may multiply To solve 2 x y = 15 both sides of the second equation 2 x y = 15 by 2 and then add the resultant equations to each other, and therefore eliminate (remove) y from the equation. The resulting equation is an equation of only one variable that may be solved accordingly.
Solving by substitution: To reduce a system of linear equations to an equation of only one variable, find one of the variables from one of the equations in terms of the other one, and then replace it in the second equation.
x + 2 y = 5 2 x y = 15 x + 2y = 5 x = 5 2y Substitute x by 5 2 y in the second equation 2 x y = 15 : 2 (5 2 y ) y = 15 10 4 y y = 15 5 y = 1 5 y = 15 10 5 y = 5 y = 5 x = 5 2 y x = 5 2( 1) = 5 + 2 x = 7
Solving by elimination: To eliminate a variable from a pair of equations, we may have to multiply both of the equations by a proper number and then subtract when the coefficients are the same, and add when the coefficients are equal but of the opposite sign. G.MaB.13.3.9 2 x + 3 y = 17 3x 2 y = 0.5 To eliminate y we may multiply the first equation by by 2 , and the second equation by 3 , and then add the resulted equations: 2 2 x + 2 3 y = 2 17 3 3x 3 2 y = 3 0.5 4 x + 6 y = 34 9 x 6 y = 1.5 (4 x + 6 y ) + (9 x 6 y ) = 34 1.5 // // 32.5 13 x = 32.5 x = x = 2 .5 13 Substitute x by its value x = 2.5 in one of the original equations to find the other variable: 2 x + 3 y = 17 2(2.5) + 3 y = 17 5 + 3 y = 17 3 y = 17 5 3 y = 12 12 y= y=4 3
3x + 2 y = 5 5 x + 3 y = 15 To eliminate y from the equations, we may multiply the first equation by the coefficient of y in the second equation, i.e. by 3 . Similarly the second equation must be multiplied by 2 , the coefficient of the y in the first equation. The resulting equations must be subtracted from one another: 9 x + 6 y = 15 10 x + 6 y = 30 9 x + 6 y (10 x + 6 y ) = 15 30 // // 9 x + 6 y 10 x 6 y = 15 x = 15 x = 15 Substitute x by its value x = 15 in one of the original equations to find the other variable: 3 x + 2 y = 5 3 15 + 2 y = 5 45 + 2 y = 5 40 2 y = 5 45 = 40 y = = 20 2 Answer: x = 15 , y = 20 Check: Note that the pair of answers obtained must satisfy also the second equation: 5 x + 3 y = 15 5 (15) + 3 ( 20 ) =15
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75 60 =15 15 = 15 Checks!
G.MaB.13.1.1 Which ordered pair is in the solution set of x < 6 y ? (2) B (6, 0 ) (3) C (0, 5) (1) A (0, 6 ) Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (3) C (0, 5) Point x <6 y? x 6 y A (0, 6 ) 0 6 6 = 0 No! B (6, 0 ) 6 6 0 = 6 No! C (0, 5) 0 6 5 = 1 Yes! 0 < 6 5 D (7, 0 ) 7 6 7 = 1 No!
(4) D (7, 0 )
G.MaB.13.1.2 Which ordered pair is not a member of the solution set of 2 x 3 y 12 ? (2) B ( 3, 6 ) (3) C (10, 3) (4) D (6, 0 ) (1) A (0, 4 ) Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (3) C (10, 3) y Point 2x 3y 2 x 3 y 12 ? x 0 A (0, 4 ) Yes! 4 0 3( 4 ) = 12 B ( 3, 6 ) 3 6 2( 3) 3( 6 ) = 6 + 18 = 12 Yes! 10 3 C (10, 3) 2(10 ) 3(3) = 20 9 = 11 No! 6 0 D (6, 0 ) 2(6 ) 3(0 ) = 12 Yes!
G.MaB.13.1.3 The accompanying diagram shows the graph of which inequality? (2) y x 1 (3) y < x 1 (4) y x 1 (1) y > x 1
Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (4) y x 1 We may first write the equation of the line. The y-intercept of the line is m = 1 . On the other hand the slope of the line is 0 ( 1) =1 k= 1 0 Therefore, the equation of the line is: y = x 1 The y-coordinates of all points in the green region satisfy y x 1
2 x + 2 y = 10 G.MaB.13.1.4 Solve the simultaneous equations: . 1 3x 2 y = 6 Suggested solution: Answer: x = 1 y = 6 2 x + 2 y = 10 x + y = 5 x + y = 5 x + y + 6 x y = 5 + 12 7 x = 7 y = 5 1 = 6 1 / / 6 x y = 12 x = 1 3x 2 y = 6

2 x = 8 5 y G.MaB.13.1.5 Solve the simultaneous equations: . x + y = 1 Suggested solution: Answer: x = 1 y = 2 2 x = 8 5 y 2 x + 5 y = 8 2x + 5 y 2x 2 y = 8 2 3y = 6 y = 2 / / x + y = 1 2 x + 2 y = 2

x + y = 1 x = 1 y = 1 2 = 1 y = 2 VG.MaB.13.1.6 a) On the same set of coordinate axes, graph the following equations x + y = 7 , 3 y 2 x = 6 , y = 2 b) Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines graphed in part (a)?
Suggested solution: Answer: Area = 45 (lu ) We may reorganize and rewrite the equations above as: y = 2 , 2 2 6 x + y = 7 y = 7 x , and 3 y 2 x = 6 3 y = 2 x + 6 y = x + y = x + 2 , 3 3 3 and finally simultaneously plot them as in the figure below:
2
The coordinates of the vertices of the triangle ABC are A ( 6, 2) , B (9, 2) , and C (3, 4) . The length of the base of triangle is:
b = AB = 9 ( 6) = 9 + 6 = 15 lu and its altitude is: h = 4 ( 2) = 4 + 2 = 6 lu
The area of the triangle is, therefore: Area =
b h 15 6 = 2 2
(lu )2 = 45 (lu )2
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VG.MaB.13.1.7 a) On the same set of axes, graph the following simultaneous system of inequalities: 3 y 2 x 6 . x + y > 7 b) Which ordered pair is in the solution set of graph drawn in answer to part (a)? (2) B (8, 1) (3) C (2, 6 ) (4) D ( 2, 7 ) c) (1) A (3, 4 )
Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (3) C (2, 6 ) We may reorganize and rewrite the simultaneous system of inequalities as: 2 3 y 2 x 6 y x 2 3 x + y > 7 y > 7 x
2 x 2 and y = 7 x simultaneously on 3 the same coordinate system, and choose the regions satisfying 2 simultaneously y x 2 and y > 7 x . The green area in the figure below 3 is the one that satisfy both conditions simultaneously. Only the point C (2, 6 ) lies in this region.
Then we plot two straight lines of y =
G.MaB.13.1.8. Solve the equation 1.5 x 5.7 = 4.8 2 x by graphing two lines using a graphic calculator.
Suggested solution: Answer: x = 1.2 We may plot the two equations in the simultaneous equations below on the same coordinate system, simultaneously. Then using the following combination, we may calculate the intersection of the lines graphed: y = 1.5 x 5.7 y = 4.8 2 x 2 nd , CALC , 5 : intersection , ENTER , ENTER , ENTER . The solution of 1.5 x 5.7 = 4.8 2 x is x = 1.2 as illustrated in the figure below.
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 1 2 3 x
Analytical solution: Answer: x = 3.0
1.5 x 5.7 = 4.8 2 x 1.5 x + 2 x = 4.8 + 5.7 3.5 x = 10.5
y = 4 .8 2 x
y = 1.5 x 5.7
A (3; -1.2)
3.5 10.5 x = 3 .0 x= 3.5 3.5
VG.MaB.13.1.9. Malins music CD collection includes jazz, and classical CDs. She has, at most, 14 Jazz and, at most 8 classical CDs. The combined number of jazz and classical CDs she has is not greater than 18. If x is the number of jazz CDs and y is the number of classical CDs, graph the region that contains the number of jazz and classical CDs in Malins music CD collection.
Suggested solution: We may express the data above as: x 14 , y 8 , x + y 18 y 18 x . Plot the lines x = 14 , y = 8 , and y = 18 x . The shaded region is the region of the interest that satisfy simultaneously the 3 restrictions organized in the equation system below: y 18 x x 14 y 8 Any combination of integer x and y in the green shaded area below is possible! This region is the one where all conditions listed above are simultaneously satisfied. This is illustrated in the figure to the right. The figure particularly could be confusing if viewed in black and white.
VG.MaB.13.1.10 a) On the same set of axes, graph the lines y = 4 , and 2 x + y = 6 . b) Find the area, in square units, of the trapezoid in Quadrant IV bounded by the x-axis, the y-axis, and the lines graphed in part (a)
Suggested solution: Answer: Area = 16
(lu )2
a) We may first rewrite 2 x + y = 6 as y = 2 x + 6 and then plot y = 2 x + 6 and y = 4 on the same axis as in the figure illustrated below:
b) The area of the trapezoid ABCD may be calculated if the length of its height h = AB and its bases BC and AD are determined. h = 0 ( 4 ) = 4 lu
AD = 5 lu
BC = 3 lu Area =
(AD + BC ) h = (5 + 3) 4 = 16
2 2
(lu )2
VG.MaB.13.1.11 a) On the same set of axes, graph the lines y = 2 , y = 6 , y = 2 x + 12 , and y = 2 x 12 b) Find the area, in square units, of the parallelogram formed by these lines.
Suggested solution: Answer: Area = 24 (lu )
2
a) The lines y = 2 , y = 6 , y = 2 x + 12 , and y = 2 x 12 are plotted above. Together these lines form a parallelogram ABCD . b) The area of the parallelogram ABCD may be calculated if the length of its height h and its base b are determined. h = 6 2 = 4 lu b = AD = 7 ( 5) = 7 + 5 = 12 lu b h 12 4 2 Area = = = 24 (lu ) 2 2
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VG.MaB.13.1.12 (modified) Two video rental stores offer two different membership plans: Store A charges $15 for membership and $2 for each video that is rented. Store B does not have a membership fee but charges $3.50 for each video that is rented. a) Write an equation that shows the total cost, C , of renting n video from store A . b) Write an equation that shows the total cost, C , of renting n video from store B . c) Construct a simultaneous equation system of the equations obtained above and solve it graphically. Interpret the results. d) Solve the equation system analytically. Interpret the results. Suggested solution: $C = 15 + 2 n Answer: $C = 15 + 2 n , $C = 3.5 n , , n = 10 , $C = $35 $C = 3.5 n a) The total cost, C , of renting n video from store A is $C = 15 + 2 n b) The total cost, C , of renting n video from store B is $C = 3.5 n $C = 15 + 2 n c) The intersection of the two lines is the solution of the $C = 3.5 n equation system: The cost of renting 10 videos is the $35 no matter which store they are rented from. As illustrated below, the store A is cheaper than store B if more than 10 videos are rented. It is, on the other hand more expensive if less than 10 videos are rented from. The results are consistent with the graphical solution of part C.
The cost of renting video 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 n (number of rented videos)

$C = 15 + 2 n 15 3.5 n = 15 + 2 n 3.5 n 2 n = 15 1.5 n = 15 n = d) = 10 1.5 $C = 3.5 n $C = 15 + 2 n $C = 15 + 2 10 = 15 + 20 = $35 The cost of renting 10 videos n = 10 is the $35 no matter which store they are rented from. As in part (c).
B
A
C (cost in $)
12
14
16
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G.MaB.13.2.1 What is the solution set for the following system of equations? x = y x + 2 y = 6 (2) (2, 2 ) (3) (6, 6 ) (4) ( 6, 6 ) (1) ( 2, 2 ) Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (4) ( 6, 6 ) We may use the substitution method to solve the problem. Replace x by x = y in the second equation x + 2 y = 6 : x + 2 y = 6 y + 2 y = 6 y = 6 x = y = 6 x = 6
G.MaB.13.2.2 What is the solution for x in the following system of equations? y = 2 x 3 y = x + 1 2 4 (2) 2 (3) (4) 4 (1) 3 3 Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (2) x = 2 We may use the substitution method to solve the problem. Replace y by y = x + 1 in the first equation y = 2 x 3 : // / / // y = 2 x 3 ( x + 1) = 2 x 3 x 1 = 2 x 3 x 1 2 x + 1 = 2 x 3 2 x + 1 x = 2 x = 2 VG.MaB.13.2.3 What is the solution for y in the following system of equations?
3 2 = 4 x 6 x + y = 17 (1) 1
(2) 1
(3) 9
(4) 9
Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative (1) y = 1 We may rewrite the first equation by multiplying both sides of the equation by 4 x (or by cross multiplication): 8 3 2 3 2 / = 4 x = 4 x 3x = 8 x = / / 4 x 3 4 x / 8 Substitute x by x = in the second equation 6 x + y = 17 : 3 8 6 + y = 17 16 + y = 17 y = 17 16 y = 1 3
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G.MaB.13.2.5 Solve the following system of equations algebraically and check: y + 5x = 0 3 x 2 y = 26 Suggested solution: Answer: x = 2 , y = 10 We may solve the problem by elimination method. We may eliminate y by multiplying the first equation by 2 and then adding the resulting equation to the second equation: 2 y + 2 5 x = 0 26 // // x=2 2 y + 10 x + 3 x 2 y = 26 13 x = 26 x = 13 3x 2 y = 26 Substitute x by x = 2 in the one of the equation, for example y + 5 x = 0 : y + 5(2 ) = 0 y + 10 = 0 y = 10 Check: Substitute x = 2 , and y = 10 in the second equation and check if LHS=RHS 3(2) 2( 10) = 26 6 + 20 = 26 26 = 26 : Checks!
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VG.MaB.13.2.6 Solve the following system of equations algebraically and check: y x=0 4 2 y = 3 x + 7 7 28 Suggested solution: Answer: x = , y = 5 5 y We may multiply both side of the equation x = 0 by 4: 4 y 4x = 0 y = 4x Substitute y = 4 x in the second equation: 7 2 y = 3x + 7 2(4 x ) = 3x + 7 8 x = 3x + 7 8 x 3x = 7 5 x = 7 x = 5 7 28 y = 4x y = 4 y = 5 5 Check: 7 28 Substitute x = and y = in the second equation and check if LHS=RHS: 5 5 ? 28 ? 7 2 = 3 + 7 56 = 21 + 35 56 = 56 Checks! 5 5
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G.MaB.13.2.7 Solve the following system of equations algebraically and check: a 2 =b 3 2a + 3b = 5

Suggested solution: Answer: a = 1 , b = 1 We may multiply both side of the equation
a2 = 3b a 2 = 3 b a = 3 b + 2 3 / Substitute a = 3 b + 2 in the second equation: 2a + 3b = 5 2 (3 b + 2 ) + 3b = 5 6 b + 4 + 3b = 5 9 b = 5 4 9 b = 9 9 b = b = 1 9 Substitute b = 1 in a = 3 b + 2 : a = 3 b + 2 a = 3 ( 1) + 2 a = 3 + 2 a = 1 Check: Substitute a = 1 and b = 1 in the first equation and check if LHS=RHS: ? ? ( 1) 2 = 1 3 = 1 1 = 1 LHS = RHS Checks! a2 =b 3 3 3
a2 = b by 3: 3
3 /
G.MaB.13.2.8 Solve the following system of equations algebraically and check: y 1 = x 7 y 3x = 1 Suggested solution: Answer: x = 2 , y = 1 y 1 = x 4 7 y 3 ( y 1) = 1 7 y 3 y + 3 = 1 4 y = 1 3 4 y = 4 y = 4 7 y 3x = 1 y = 1 x = y 1 = 1 1 x = 2 Substitute x = 2 , and y = 1 in the second equation and check if LHS=RHS 7( 1) 3( 2) = 1 7 + 6 = 1 1 = 1 LHS = RHS Checks! G.MaB.13.2.9 Solve the following system of equations algebraically and check: y x =1 7 y 11x = 5 Suggested solution: Answer: x = 3 , y = 4 y x = 1 y = 1+ x 7(1 + x ) 11x = 5 7 + 7 x 11x = 5 4 x = 5 7 4 x = 12 7 y 11x = 5 12 x= x = 3 y = 1+ x = 1+ 3 y = 4 4 Substitute x = 3 , and y = 4 in the second equation and check if LHS=RHS 7(4) 11(3) = 5 28 33 = 5 5 = 5 LHS = RHS Checks!
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G.MaB.13.2.10 Solve the following system of equations algebraically and check: 0.3 y 0.2 x = 2.1 0.75 y = 2.25 x Suggested solution: Answer: x = 3 , y = 9 Multiply the first equation by 10, and the second one by 100, and divide it by 75: 0.3 y 0.2 x = 2.1 3 y 2 x = 21 3 y 2 x = 21 0.75 y = 2.25 x 75 y = 225 x y = 3x Relplace y = 3 x in the first equation: 21 x = 3, 3 y 2 x = 21 3 (3x ) 2 x = 21 9 x 2 x = 21 7 x = 21 x = 7 y = 3 x y = 3 3 y = 9 Substitute x = 3 , and y = 9 in the first equation and check if LHS=RHS 3(9 ) 2(3) = 21 27 6 = 27 27 = 27 LHS = RHS Checks! G.MaB.13.2.11 Five pens of the same type cost the same as two notebooks of the same type. If one pen and two notebooks cost $4.20 , what is the cost of one pen? P = $0.7 Suggested solution: Answer: N = $1.75 Data: P : Cost of one pen N : Cost of one notebook 5 pens cost the same as 2 notebooks: 5 P = 2 N one pen and two notebooks cost $4.20 : 1P + 2 N = $4.20 5P = 2 N P = $0.7 $4.20 5 P 5 $0.7 P + 5 P = $4.20 P = N= = = $1.75 6 2 2 P + 2 N = $4.20 2 N = 5 P G.MaB.13.2.12 Two angles are complementary. The difference between four times the measure of the smaller angle and the measure of the larger angle is 10. What are the measure of the angles? L = 50 Suggested solution: Answer: S = 40 Data: S : The smaller angle L : The smaller angle Two angles are complementary : S + L = 90 The difference between four times the measure of the smaller angle and the measure of the larger angle is 10: L S = 10 L + S = 90 L = 50 100 2 L = 90 + 10 2 L = 100 L = S = 90 50 = 40 2 L S = 10 L + S = 90
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VG.MaB.13.2.13 The denominator of a fraction exceeds its numerator by 7. If the numerator 4 is increased by 3 and the denominator is decreased by 2, the new fraction equals . Find the 5 original fraction.
N = 5 N 5 = Suggested solution: Answer: D 12 D = 12 D : The denominator of the fraction. Data: N : The numerator of the fraction. D of a fraction exceeds its N by 7: D = N + 7 If N is increased by 3 and D is decreased by 2, the new 4 N +3 4 fraction equals : = 5 D2 5 N +3 4 = Cross product: 4(D 2 ) = 5( N + 3) 4 D 8 = 5 N + 15 D2 5 4 D 5 N = 15 + 8 4 D 5 N = 23 D = N + 7 4(N + 7 ) 5 N = 23 4 N + 28 5 N = 23 N = 23 28 = 5 N = 5 4 D 5 N = 23
D = N + 7 D = 5 + 7 D = 12 N = 5
N = 5 N 5 = Answer: D 12 D = 12
VG.MaB.13.2.14 A club consisting of seniors and juniors has 15 members. After seven more seniors and three more juniors join the club, the ratio of juniors to seniors is 2 to 3. How many juniors were originally in the club?
Suggested solution: Answer: The club originally had J = 7 junior members. It has now J + 3 = 10 Junior members. Data: S : Number of senior members, originally. J : Number of senior members, originally. The club has 15 members: S + J = 15 After seven more seniors and three more juniors join the club, J +3 2 the ratio of juniors to seniors is 2 to 3: = S +7 3 J +3 2 = Cross product: 3( J + 3) = 2(S + 7 ) 3J + 9 = 2S + 14 3 J 2 S = 14 9 S +7 3 J + S = 15 2 J + 2 S = 2 15 35 2 J + 3J = 30 + 5 5 J = 35 J = J =7 J =7 5 3J 2S = 5 3J 2S = 5 S + J = 15 S = 15 J = 15 7 = 8 S =8 J + 3 = 7 + 3 = 10 Answer: The club originally had J = 7 junior members. It has now J + 3 = 10 Junior members.
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VG.MaB.13.2.15 (a) If t represents the tens digit of a two-digit number, and u represents the units digit, what is the two-digit number in terms of t and u ? (b) The units digit of a two-digit number is one more than its tens digits. The two-digit number is two less than five times the sum of its digits. What is the number?
Suggested solution: Answer: (a) 10t + u ,(b) The number is 23 Data: t : the tens digit of a two-digit number u : the units digit of the number The units digit of a two-digit number is one more than its tens digits: u = t + 1 The number is 2 less than 5 times the sum of its digits: 10t + u = 5(t + u ) 2 The two-digit number is: 10t + u 10t + u = 5(t + u ) 2 10t + u = 5t + 5u 2 10t 5t 5u + u = 2 5t 4u = 2 u = t + 1 5t 4(t + 1) = 2 5t 4t 4 = 2 t = 2 + 4 t = 2 u = 2 + 1 = 3 5t 4u = 2 Answer: The number is 23 t = 2, u = 3
VG.MaB.13.2.16 The length of a side of an equilateral triangle exceeds twice the length of a side of a smaller equilateral triangle by one. If the difference in the perimeters of the triangles is 15, (a) what is the length of a side of the large triangle? (b) what is the perimeter of the smaller triangle?
Suggested solution: Answer: (a) S = 4 lu , L = 9 lu (b) PS = 12 lu Data: S : length of a side of the small triangle L : length of a side of the large triangle L exceeds twice S by one: L = 2 S + 1 The difference in the perimeters of the triangles is 15: 3L 3S = 15 L = 2S + 1 S = 4 2S + 1 S = 5 S = 5 1 L = 2 4 +1 = 9 3L 3S = 15 L S = 5 L = 2S + 1 Answer: S = 4 lu , L = 9 lu The perimeter of the smaller triangle is PS = 3 4 = 12 lu Answer: PS = 12 lu
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VG.MaB.13.2.17 A store charges a fixed amount to fax one page and another amount to fax each additional page that is faxed to the same telephone number. If the cost of faxing 5 pages is $3.05 , and the cost of faxing 13 pages is $6.65 (a) What is the cost of faxing only one page? (b) What is the cost of faxing each additional page?
Suggested solution: Answer: (a) $1.25 , (b) P = $0.45 F : the fixed fee Data: P cost of each additional page Faxing 5 pages costs $3.05 : F + 5 P = $3.05 The cost of faxing 13 pages is $6.65 : F + 13P = $6.65 F + 13P = $6.65 F + 13P (F + 5P ) = $6.65 $3.05 13P 5 P = $3.6 8P = $3.6 F + 5P = $3.05
P=
F + 5P = $3.05 F = $3.05 5P F = $3.05 5 ($45) F = $3.05 $2.25 = $0.80 Therefore, the cost of faxing only one page is: $1.25 : Cost = $0.80 + 1 P Cost = $0.80 + 1 ($45) Cost = $0.80 + $45 Cost = $1.25 The cost of each additional page is P = $0.45
$3.6 P = $0.45 8
VG.MaB.13.2.18 In the triangle ABC , the measure of B is twice the measure of A . If the measure of A is subtracted from the measure of C , the difference is 20. Find the measure of the angles of the triangle.
Suggested solution: Answer: Answer: A = 40 , B = 80 , C = 60 Data: B is twice the measure of A : B = 2 A If A is subtracted from C , the difference is 20: C A = 20 A + B + C = 180 B = 2 A C A = 20 C = A + 20 160 A + B + C = 180 A + 2 A + A + 20 = 180 4 A = 180 20 4 A = 160 A = = 40 4
A = 40 B = 2A = 2 40 = 80 B = 80 C A = 20 C = A + 20 = 40 + 20 = 60 C = 60
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VG.MaB.13.2.19 There were 100 more balcony tickets than main-floor tickets sold for a concert. The balcony tickets sold for $4 , and the main-floor tickets sold for $12 . The total amount of sales for both types of tickets was $3056 . (a) Write a system of two equations that describes the given conditions. Define the variables. (b) Using the system of equations in part (a) find the number of balcony tickets, and the number of the floor tickets that were sold. B = F + 100 Suggested solution: Answer: (a) ; (b) F = 166 , B = 266 4 B + 12 F = 3056 Data: $4 each balcony ticket, total number of balcony tickets sold: B $12 each main-floor ticket, total number of main-floor tickets sold: F 100 more balcony tickets than main-floor tickets: B = F + 100 $3056 the total amount of sales: 4 B + 12 F = 3056 B = F + 100 4(F + 100) + 12 F = 3056 4 F + 400 + 12 F = 3056 16 F = 3056 400 4 B + 12 F = 3056 16 F = 3056 400 16 F = 2656 F = 2656 = 166 B = F + 100 = 166 + 100 = 266 16 Answer: F = 166 , B = 266
VG.MaB.13.2.20 The senior class at Northwest High School needed to raise money for the yearbook. A local sporting goods store donated hats and T-shirts. The number of T-shirts was three times the number of hats. The seniors charged $5 for each hat, and $8 for each T-shirt. If the seniors sold every item and raised $435 , What were the total number of hats and the total number of T-shirts that were sold? Suggested solution: Answer: H = 15 , T = 45 $5 each hat, num, total number of hats: H Data: $8 each T-shirt, total number of T-shirts : T The number of T-shirts was three times the number of hats: T = 3H $435 Total money raised: 5 H + 8T = 435 T = 3H 435 5 H + 8(3H ) = 435 5 H + 24 H = 435 29 H = 435 H = H = 15 29 5 H + 8T = 435 T = 3H T = 3 15 = 45 Answer: H = 15 , T = 45
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VG.MaB.13.2.21 In the accompanying diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram with mB = 120 , mD = 2 x + 5 y , and mA = 4 x + y . Find the values of x and y . Check your solution. (only an algebraic solution will be accepted.) C Suggested solution: Answer: B mB = 120 x = 10 , y = 20 Due to the fact that the figure is a parallelogram, the two opposite angle must be equal to each other, i.e. mD = mB = 120 , and mA = 4 x + y mD = 2 x + 5 y mA = mC = 60 . Therefore, the following system of two linearly A D independent equation system may be constructed. mB = 120 4 x + y = 60 4 x + y = 60 4 x + y = 60 mA = 4 x + y 2 x + 5 y = 120 2 2 x + 2 5 y = 2 120 4 x + 10 y = 240 mD = 2 x + 5 y
We may subtract the first equation from the second one. This will eliminate x and produce one linear equation of only a single variable y : 180 // // 4 x + 10 y (4 x + y ) = 240 60 4 x + 10 y 4 x y = 180 9 y = 180 y = = 20 9 4 x + y = 60 40 y = 20 4 x + 20 = 60 4 x = 60 20 4 x = 40 x = 4 y = 20 x = 10 Substitute x = 10 , and y = 20 in the secod equation and check if LHS=RHS
2(10) + 5(20)=120 20 + 100 =120 120 = 120 LHS = RHS Checks!
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VG.MaB.13.3.18 The accompanying table shows the number of grams of protein and the number of calories in a single serving of bran flakes cereal and milk. How many servings of a) cereal, and b) milk are needed to get a total of 35 g of protein and 470 cal ? Food Protein Calories Cereal 5 g 90 cal Milk 8 g 80 cal
Suggested solution: Answer: We may serve the cereal x = 3 times and the milk y = 2.5 . x : The number of serving of cereal Data: y : The number of serving of milk 5 x + 8 y = 35 g 5 x + 8 y = 35 12 9 x 5 x = 47 35 4 x = 12 x = 4 90 x + 80 y = 470 cal 9 x + 8 y = 47 x=3 We simplified, first, the second equation by dividing it by 10, then we eliminated y by subtracting the first equation from the second one. We may substitute x = 3 in any one of the equations to find y : 20 y = 2.5 5 x + 8 y = 35 8 y = 35 5 x 8 y = 35 5 3 8 y = 20 y = 8 Answer: We may serve the cereal x = 3 times and the milk y = 2.5 . This may be interpreted as serving the cereal and milk twice, and adding only half a portion of the milk to the third serving of the cereal.
21
VG.MaB.13.3.19 (modified) Allan rented a sprayer and a generator. On his first job, he used each piece of equipment for 6 h at a total cost of $90 . On his second job, he used the sprayer for 4 h and the generator for 8 h at a total cost of $100 . a) Write a system of two equations that describes the given conditions. Define the variables. b) Using the system of equations written above find the hourly cost of the generator and that of the sprayer. Suggested solution: s + g = $15 Answer: (a) , (b) g = $10 , s = $5 s + 2 g = $25 Data: s : The hourly rent of the sprayer g : The hourly rent of the generator $90 : The rent of 6 h use of each piece of equipment: 6 s + 6 g = $90 $100 : The rent of 4 h use of sprayer and 8 h use of the generator: 4 s + 8 g = $100 s + g = $15 6 s + 6 g = $90 4 s + 8 g = $100 s + 2 g = $25 We simplified the equation system by dividing the first equation by 6 and the second one by 25. To solve the problem, we may eliminate s by subtracting the first equation from the second one: s + g = $15 g = $10 s + 2 g (s + g ) = $25 $15 s + 2 g s g = $10 / / s + 2 g = $25 s + g = $15 s = $15 g s = $15 $10 s = $5
22
MVG.MaB.13.3.20 (modified) Oscar and Niklas went shopping at Price Extra. Oscar bought two jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and three packages of AA batteries for a total cost of $21.00 . Niklas bought five identical jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and two identical packages of AA batteries for a total cost of $25.00 . a) How much does one roll of aluminium foil cost? b) How much does one package of AA batteries cost? c) How much money does Natalie need to buy two identical jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and four identical packages of AA batteries? d) How much money does Terese need to buy x identical jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and y identical packages of AA batteries?
Suggested solution: Answer: (a) a = $3.00 , (b) b = $5.00 , (c) C = $26 , (d) $C = $3 x + $5 y a : The cost of one jumbo roll of aluminium foil Data: b : The cost of one package of AA batteries $21.00 : The cost of two jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and three packages of AA batteries: 2 a + 3 b = $21.00 $25.00 : The cost of five jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and two packages of AA batteries: 5 a + 2 b = $25.00 We may eliminate a , and therefore find b , by multiplying the first equation by 5 and the second one by 2 and then subtracting the second equation from the first:
2 a + 3 b = $21 5 2 a + 5 3 b = 5 $21 10 a + 15 b = $105 5 a + 2 b = $25 2 5 a + 2 2 b = 2 $25 10 a + 4 b = $50 $55 15 b 4 b = $105 $50 11 b = $55 b = b = $5.00 11 2 a + 3 b = $21 2 a = $21 3 b 2 a = $21 3 5 2 a = $6 a =
b = $5.00
$6 a = $3.00 2 x identical jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and y identical packages of AA batteries cost: $C = $3 x + $5 y $C = x a + y b = $3 x + $5 y 2 identical jumbo rolls of aluminium foil and 4 identical packages of AA batteries cost: C = $26 C = 3 2 + 5 4 = 6 + 20 = $26
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MVG.MaB.13.3.21 (modified) At the local video rental store, Bashar rents two movies and three games for a total of $15.50 . At the same time, Kevin rents three movies and one game for a total of $12.05 . a) How much is the charge to rent one movie? b) How much is the charge to rent one game? c) How much money does Camilla need to rent a combination of one game and one movie from the same video rental store? d) How much money does Martina need to rent a combination of x game and y movie from the same video rental store?
Suggested solution: Answer: (a) M = $2.95 , (b) G = $3.20 , (c) C = $6.15 , (d) $C = $2.95 x + $3.20 y Data: M : The charge for renting one movie G : The charge for renting one game $15.50 for renting 2 movies and 2 games: 2 M + 3 G = $15.50 $12.05 for renting 3 movies and 1 game: 3 M + 1 G = $12.05 The cost for renting x movies and y games: $C = M x + G y We may eliminate G , and therefore find M , by multiplying the first equation by 3 and then subtracting the second equation from it:
3 M + 1 G = $12.05 3 3 M + 3 G = 3 $12.05 9 M + 3 G = $36.15 2 M + 3 G = $15.50 2 M + 3 G = $15.50 2 M + 3 G = $15.50 $20.65 9 M 2 M = $36.15 $15.50 7 M = $20.65 M = 7 3 M + 1 G = $12.05 G = $12.05 3 M G = $12.05 3 $2.95
M = $2.95 G = $3.20
The cost for renting x movies and y games: $C = $2.95 x + $3.20 y : $C = M x + G y = $2.95 x + $3.20 y The cost for renting 1 movie and 1 games: $C = $6.15 $C = $2.95 + $3.20 = $6.15
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MVG.MaB.13.3.22 (modified) The cost of a taxi ride is calculated by adding a fixed amount 1 1 km of the trip. If 1 km trip costs $4.00 and a 1 km trip costs to a charge for each 4 2 $5.50 , a) what is the fixed fee for each trip? 1 km of the trip? b) what is the charge for each 4 c) what is the cost of a 3 km trip? d) what is the cost of an x km trip?
Suggested solution:
1 km of the trip , (c) The cost of 4 an 3 km trip is C = $10.00 , (d) The cost of an x km trip is $C = 1.00 + 3 x
Answer: (a) F = $1.00 , (b) a = $0.75 for each
Data:
F : The fixed fee for each trip 1 a : The charge for each km of the trip 4 $4.00 for 1 km trip: F + 1 4 a = $4.00 F + 4a = $4.00 1 3 3 $5.50 for 1 km = km trip: F + 4a = $5.50 F + 6a = $5.50 2 2 2 The cost for x km trip: C = $ F + x 4a = $ F + 4a x
F + 6a = $5.50 $1.50 6a 4a = $5.50 $4.00 2a = $1.50 a = a = $0.75 2 F + 4a = $4.00 1 a = $0.75 for each km of the trip 4 F + 4a = $4.00 F = $4.00 4a F = $4.00 4 0.75 = $4.00 3.00 F = $1.00
The cost of an 3 km trip is C = $10.00 $C = 1.00 + 3 3 = 1.00 + 9 = $10.00 The cost of an x km trip is $C = 1.00 + 3 x $C = F + 4a x = 1.00 + 4 0.75 x = 1.00 + 3 x
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MVG.MaB.13.3.23 (modified) The cost of a long distance telephone call is determined by a flat fee for the first 5 minutes and a fixed amount for each additional minute. Pannos is charged $3.25 for a long distance call that lasts 15 minutes, and $5.17 for a long-distance call that lasts 23 minutes. At the same rate, a) what is the flat fee for the first 5 minutes? b) what is the fee for each additional minute? c) what is the cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts 30 minutes? d) what is the cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts t min ?
Suggested solution: Answer: (a) F = $0.85 , (b) x = $0.24 for each additional minute , (c) The cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts 30 minutes is $6.85 , (d) The cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts t min : $0.85 + 0.24(t 5) Data:
F : The flat fee for the first 5 minutes x : The fixed amount for each additional minute $3.25 for a long distance call that lasts 15 minutes: F + (15 5)x = $3.25 $5.17 for a long-distance call that lasts 23 minutes: F + (23 5)x = $5.17 The cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts t min : $ F + (t 5)x
F + 18 x = $5.17 $1.92 18 x 10 x = $5.17 $3.25 8 x = $1.92 x = x = $0.24 8 F + 10 x = $3.25 x = $0.24 for each additional minute F + 10 x = $3.25 F = $3.25 10 x F = $3.25 10 ($0.24) = $3.25 $2.4 F = $0.85 The cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts t min : $0.85 + 0.24(t 5) $ F + (t 5)x = $0.85 + 0.24(t 5)
The cost of a long-distance telephone call that lasts 30 minutes is $6.85 : $0.85 + 0.24(30 5) = $0.85 + 0.24 25 = $6.85
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MaBNVCO08 Unit Five Graph and Transformations CH 13 Simultaneous Equations

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MaBNVCO08 Unit Five Graph and Transformations CH 13 Simultaneous Equations

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MaBNVCO08 Unit Five Graph and Transformations Ch 13 Simultaneous Equations NV-College

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