MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Figure 6.1 1) In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a facultative anaerobe in the absence of O2? A) line a B) line b C) line c

2) In Figure 6.1, which line best illustrates a mesophile at 5eC above its optimum temperature? A) line a B) line b C) line c

3) In Figure 6.1 ,which line best depicts an obligate anaerobe in the presence of O2? A) line a B) line b C) line c

4) In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a mesophile with an optimum temperature of 35eC incubated at 40eC? A) line a B) line b C) line c

5) In Figure 6.1, which line shows the growth of an obligate aerobe incubated anaerobically?

A) line a B) line b C) line c

6) The addition of which of the following to a culture medium will neutralize acids? A) Sugars B) Carbon C) alcohol D) Heat E) Buffers

7) Jams and jellies are preserved foods because sugars create a A) Hypertonic environment. B) Depletion of nutrients. C) Lower osmotic pressure. D) Lower pH. E) Hypotonic environment.

8) A facultative anaerobe A) Requires less oxygen than is present in air. B) Can grow in the prsence or absence of oxygen C) Is killed by oxygen.

D) Doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it. E) Prefers to grow without oxygen.

9) 275 colonies grew on a nutrient agar plate that had been inoculated with 0.1 ml of an undiluted culture.. How many cells/ml were in the original cultre? A) 27 B) 275 C) 2750 D) 27,500 E) 5500

Figure 6.2 10) In Figure 6.2, which section shows a growth phase where the number of cells dying equals the number of cells dividing? A) A B) B C) D D) C E) A and C

11) In Figure 6.2, which sections of the graph illustrate a logarithmic change in cell numbers? A) C and D B) B and D C) A and C D) A and B E) B only

12) Most bacteria grow best at pH A) 5. B) 14. C) 7. D) 9. E) 1.

13) A culture medium provides everything a bactrerial cultures needs EXCEPT: A) water B) the correct pH C) the correct osmotic pressure D) the correct temperature. E) the corect mix of nutrients.

14) A culture medium consisting of agar, human blood, and beef heart is a A) Selective medium. B) Chemically defined medium. C) Reducing medium. D) Complex medium. E) Differential medium.

15) Which of the following is best to sterilize blood serum? A) Autoclave B) Membrane filtration C) Dry heat D) Pasteurization E) glutaraldehyde

16) Which of the following is not a used as an antiseptic or disinfectant? A) sodium hydroxide B) isopropanol C) iodine D) ozone E) hydrogen peroxide

17) The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following? A) The formation of ozone B) The formation of free O C) The formation of hydrochloric acid D) The formation of hypochlorous acid E) Disruption of the plasma membrane

18) Which of the following is not a method of sterilization? A) Ethylene oxide B) Pasteurization C) membrane filtration D) Autoclaving at 121 degrees C E) gamma rays

19) Which of the following substances is the least effective antimicrobial agent? A) Cationic detergents B) Soap C) Phenolics D) Alcohol E) Iodine

20) Which concentration of ethyl alcohol is the most effective bactericide? A) 70% B) 100% C) 50% D) 30% E) 40%

21) Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper? A) Gamma radiation B) Microwaves C) Ultraviolet radiation D) Sunlight E) None of the above

22) Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death? A) All the cells in a culture die at once. B) The pattern varies depending on the species. C) The pattern varies depending on the antimicrobial agent. D) All of the cells in a culture are never killed. E) The cells in a population die at a constant rate.

23) Bacterial death will result from damage to which of the following structures? A) Nucleic acids B) Cell wall C) Plasma membrane D) Proteins E) All of the above

24) Which one of the following is most useful for disinfecting medical instruments? A) Bisphenols B) Phenol C) Benzoic acid D) Quats E) Chlorine

25) Which one of the following is the best advertisement for a disinfectant? A) Kills E. coli. B) Kills Pseudomonas. C) Kills lipophilic viruses. D) Kills Staphylococcus aureus. E) All are equal.

26) A gene is best defined as A) Three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. B) A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. C) A sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product. D) A segment of DNA.

E) A transcribed unit of DNA.

27) Which of the following is not a product of transcription? A) tRNA B) rRNA C) mRNA D) A new strand of DNA E) None of the above

28) All of the following are true about bacteriocins except A) They cause food poisoning symptoms. B) The genes coding for them are on plasmids. C) Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative. D) Bacteria that produce bacteriocins are resistant to their own bacteriocins. E) None of the above.

29) An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called A) A restriction enzyme. B) A promoter. C) A repressible enzyme. D)

An inducible enzyme. E) An operator.

30) Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell A) By crossing over. B) By sexual reproduction. C) By a bacteriophage. D) By cell-to-cell contact. E) As naked DNA in solution.

31) Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by A) Transduction. B) Transformation. C) Conjugation. D) Mutation. E) All of the above.

32) The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is A) Never repaired. B) Repaired by DNA replication. C) Cut out and replaced.

D) Repaired during transcription. E) Repaired during translation.

33) Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation A) Replicates DNA. B) Transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. C) Transcribes DNA to RNA. D) Transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation. E) None of the above.

34) If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a prokaryotic gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? A) The secondary structure of the protein B) The tertiary structure of the protein C) The quaternary structure of the protein D) The primary structure of the protein E) Can't tell

35) An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA. A) RNA polymerase B) DNA polymerase

C) Transposase D) DNA ligase E) Restriction enzyme

36) An enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. A) DNA polymerase B) DNA ligase C) Transposase D) RNA polymerase E) Restriction enzyme

37) DNA is constructed of A) Two strands of identical nucleotides with hydrogen bonds between them. B) A single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding. C) Nucleotides bonded AC and GT. D) Two strands of nucleotides running antiparallel. E) None of the above.

38) In transcription, A) DNA is replicated.

B) DNA is changed to RNA. C) Proteins are made. D) DNA is copied to RNA. E) RNA is copied to DNA.

39) A cell that cannot make tRNA A) Can't make proteins. B) Can make proteins if amino acids are provided in the growth medium. C) Can make proteins if mRNA is provided in the growth medium. D) Can't make proteins unless aminoacyl synthetase is provided in the growth medium. E) None of the above.

Table 6.2 The following data show growth of two bacteria on different media. Amount of Growth
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes

Nutrient agar Nutrient agar + 7.5% NaCl 40) The data in Table 6.2 indicate that S. aureus is a(n) A) Aerobe. B) Facultative anaerobe. C) Halophile. D) Mesophile.

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E) Facultative halophile.

1) Answer: B

2) Answer: B

3) Answer: C

4) Answer: B

5) Answer: C

6) Answer: E

7) Answer: A

8) Answer: B

9) Answer: C

10) Answer: D

11) Answer: B

12) Answer: C

13) Answer: D

14) Answer: D

15) Answer: B

16) Answer: A, C

17) Answer: D

18) Answer: B

19) Answer: B

20)

Answer: A

21) Answer: A

22) Answer: E

23) Answer: E

24) Answer: D

25) Answer: B

26) Answer: B

27) Answer: D

28) Answer: A

29) Answer: D

30) Answer: E

31) Answer: E

32) Answer: C

33) Answer: D

34) Answer: D

35) Answer: A

36) Answer: E

37) Answer: D

38) Answer: D

39) Answer: A

40) Answer: E