UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PAPER NO

EXAMINATION Second Semester 2002 / 2003

DATE

BEME/02S/10

BEng (Hons) Mechanical Engineering Level 3

Saturday 10 May 2003

SERIES May 2003

PAPER Heat Transfer 1 (MECH 3220)

TIME 9.30 11.30

This paper contains SIX (6) Questions. Candidates are requested to answer ANY FOUR (4) Questions. Black Body radiation functions table is attached.

Question 1 Figure Q1 shows a flat plate consisting of six strip heaters. It is desired to maintain the strip-heater-surface temperature at 327 o C by blowing carbon dioxide gas at a temperature of 127 oC with a velocity of 60 m/s over the plate. Each heater is 40 mm wide and has an effective length of 160 mm.

Figure Q1 (a) (b) Determine on which heater the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs. [4 Marks] Write down the expression for the average heat transfer coefficient h in terms of x, the distance from the leading edge to the point of transition. [5 Marks] Determine the wattage requirement for each heater to maintain the surface temperature at 327 oC. [16 Marks] For carbon dioxide the following properties are given: cp = 1.013 kJ/(kg.K) Pr = 0.702 -6 m2/s ? = 21.67 x 10 k = 0.03352 W/(m.K) ? = 1.0732 kg/m3 Correlations for flow over a flat plate Nux = 0.664 Rex0.5Pr1/3 Nux = 0.332 Re x0.5Pr1/3 NuL = [0. 0359(ReL)0.8 - 830 ] Pr1/3 ( Laminar condition) ( Laminar condition) ( Mixed Boundary condition)

(c)

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Question 2 A platinum wire 10 mm long and diameter 0.13 mm is placed in an air stream which is at a temperature of 27oC. The surface of the wire is maintained at a temperature of 227oC by means of an electrical circuit. If the electrical resistivity of the wire is 170 ?? .mm, calculate the magnitude of the current required to pass if the air stream velocity is 1 m/s. [25 Marks] For air use the following properties may be used: cp = 1.014 kJ/(kg.K) ? = 25.90 x 10 -6 m2/s ? = 0.883 kg/m3 Correlation: Nu D = C (ReD) m Pr1/3 For circular cylinder in cross flow table below gives values of C and m ReD C m 0.4 4 4 40 40 4000 4000 40000 40000 400000 Question 3 Derive the expression for the critical radius of insulation Rcr for the system shown in Figure Q3 in terms of k and h? with usual notations. [10 Marks] 0.989 0.911 0.683 0.193 0.027 0.330 0.385 0.466 0.618 0.805 Pr = 0.689 k = 0.03365 W/(m.K)

Figure Q3 (Continued on next page)

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Question 3 (Continued) A pipe having outside diameter 33.40 mm is covered with insulating material having k = 0.035 W/(m.K). The outside-pipe-wall temperature is 200 C and the insulation covering the pipe transfers heat to the ambient air at 20C with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 1.7 W/(m2.K). Calculate (i) (ii) (iii) the critical insulation thickness [ 3 Marks] the maximum heat transferred per unit length of the pipe with the critical insulation thickness. [8 Marks] the heat loss per unit length of the pipe for the case of no insulation [ 4 Marks]

Question 4 Radiation leaves a furnace of inside temperature 1500 K through an aperture 20 mm in diameter. A portion of the radiation is intercepted by a detector that is 1.0 m from the aperture and has a surface area of 10-5 m2. It is oriented as shown in Figure Q4.

Figure Q4 (a) (b) If the aperture is open, calculate the rate at which radiation leaving the furnace is intercepted by the detector. [10 Marks] If the aperture is covered with a diffuse, semi-transparent material of spectral transmissivity ?y = 0.8 for ? ? 2 ? m and ?y = 0 for ? ? 2 ? m, calculate the rate at which radiation leaving the furnace is intercepted by the detector. [15 marks] -8 W/(m2.K 4) ? ? = 5.670 x 10

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Question 5 Define each of the following : (i) Emission (ii) Irradiation (iii) Reflectivity (iv) Absorptivity

[1x4 Marks]

A horizontal, opaque surface at a steady-state temperature of 77 oC is exposed to an airflow having a free stream temperature of 27oC with a convection coefficient of 28 W/(m2.K). The emissive power of the surface is 628 W/m2 , the irradiation is 1380 W/m 2 and the reflectivity is 0.40. (a) Determine (i) the absorptivity of the surface (ii) the net radiation heat transfer rate for this surface [1 mark] [ 8 marks]

(b) (c) (d)

Is the heat transfer at (a) (ii) to the surface or from the surface? [1 mark] Determine the combined heat transfer rate for the surface [10 marks] Is the heat transfer at (c) to the surface or from the surface? [ 1 mark] ? ? = 5.670 x 10 -8 W/(m2.K 4)

Question 6 Figure Q6 shows half of the top-view of a chimney w all in cross section. The ambient air at a temperature of 10 oC is separated from the exhaust gases of the products of combustion at a temperature of 1000 K by a brick wall of thickness 100 mm.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure Q6 Sketch the thermal circuit for the chimney at location A-A, assuming one dimensional heat flow there. [6 Marks] Identify all resistances and specify their values. Calculate the total thermal resistance. [9 Marks] Estimate the heat transfer per unit area through the wall from the exhaust gases to the ambient air. [4 Marks] Determine the inside and outside wall surface temperatures. [6 Marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER

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