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1 Niger Delta of Nigeria. Available at www.worldwildlife.

org
. Accessed on 28
st
May, 2011.
2 Draft Report Survey 2003 2004.
3 Frynas 2001.p.49.
4 Brisibe A. A: African Tradition "The dentity of a People:
With special Focus on Globalization & ts
mpact in the Niger Delta C.O.O.L Conference, Boston,
U.S.A, March 18, 2001, P.1
5 Nigerian Oil, Curse of the Black Gold in
http://www7.nationalgeographic.com ,accessed July 01,
2007
6 Nussbaum 2006,p.167.
7 Nussbaum 2008, pp285-290.
8 bid.p.71.
9 Nussbaum 2007,P.293.
10 t is a term used by John Rawls and according to
Nussbaum, he(Rawls ) means that people may sign on to
this conception as the freestanding moral core of a
political conception, without accepting any particular
metaphysical view of the world, any particular view of the
person or human nature.( See Nussbaum 2008,p.76)
11 Nussbaum 2007, p.295.
12 Nussbaum 2008, p.5.
13 bid, p.74.
14 bid.
15 bid.p.75
16 Nussbaum 2007, p.296.
17 Nussbaum 2008, pp 78-80.
18 Nussbaum 2008,p.81
19 Nussbaum 2007,p.222.
20 Gasper 2004,p.186.
21 bid.
22 bid.
23 Nussbaum 2008,p.78
24 Nussbaum 2007,pp.75-76.
25 bid.
26 Alkire 2002,p.136.
27 bid., p.129
28 Nussbaum 2008, p.72.
29 McReynolds 2002,p.144.
30 Nussbaum 2008,p.82.
31 bid,p.14.
32 See Gasper 2004,pp.187-188.
33 Crocker 1998,p.173.
34 Corruption in High Places:
http://www.unitedijawstates.com, accessed June 27, 2007
35 CE Case Study: Ogonis and Conflict; Factsheet on
the Ogoni Struggle
http://www.insular.com/~tmc/politics/africa/ogoni.fact.html
36 Community Defense Law Foundation "Manifesto of the
Niger Delta in http://www.thisdayonline.com,
accessed June 10, 2007
37 Tumi Makagbo, CNN, nside Africa aired on 2nd
October, 2004, http://transcripts.cnn.com, accessed
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38 bid
39 Ken Saro-Wiwa, http://www.unitedijawstates.com:
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40 The Punch Newspaper, June 11, 2007, P.9
41 Jill Shankleman, Op. Cit, P.38
42 Nigerian Oil, Curse of the Black Gold, op cit
43 CE Case Study: Ogonis and Conflict (op. cit, P.4)
44 http:www.unitedijawstates.com, accessed June 27,
2007
45Comet Nigerian Newspaper, March 21, 2001, P.12
46 Factsheet on the Ogoni Struggle
http://www.insular.com/~tmc/politics/africa/ogoni.fact.html
47 Torulagha, P.S., "The Niger Delta, Oil and Western
Strategic nterests: The Need for
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48 bid
49 Whittington, J, in the British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) News, December, 2001
50 See: The Francisco Bay, September 17, 2003
51 Whittington, J, Op Cit
52 Hutchful, E. 1985. Oil Companies and Environmental
Pollution in Nigeria. (n Political Economy of
Nigeria, ed Claude Ake, London: Longman Press.
53 bid
54 bid
55 Brisibe, A. A. (Op Cit), P.5
56 bid
57 bid
58 CE Case Study: Ogonis and Conflict, op cit. P.5
59 bid
60 Brisibe, A. A. (Op Cit), P.5
61 nternational Herald Tribune: Oil Companies in Niger
Delta Facing Growing List of Dangers
Retrieved from
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62 Brisibe, A. A. (Op. Cit), P.6
63 Usman, N. E. ''Governors Waste Monthly Allocations''
in Corruption in High Places,
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64 bid
65 See Nigerian Oil, Curse of the Black Gold in
http://www7.national geographic.com (accessed July
01, 2007).
66 bid
67 CNN.Com " Nigerian Kidnappers Release Hostages,
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68 Thisday Newspaper " Cultists Behead Paramount Ruler
in Ogoni , in
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2007)
69 Olusegun Obasanjo, "Let Us Build Nigeria Together
,radio speech marking 44th ndependence
Anniversary, October, 2004, http:// www.nigeria.gov.ng
(accessed July 10, 2007
70 The Guardian Newspaper "Niger Delta: Government
Must Dump Past Deceptive Tactics,
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71 nternational Crisis Group, Africa Briefing No. 115, "The
Swamps of nsurgency: Nigeria's Delta
Unrest, August 3, 2006
72 nternational Crisis Group, Africa Briefing No. 115, "The
Swamps of nsurgency: Nigeria's Delta
Unrest, August 3, 2006
73 The Guardian Newspaper "Niger Delta: Government
Must Dump Past Deceptive Tactics,
http://www.guardiannewsngr.com, accessed July 06, 2007
74 nternational Crisis Group, Africa Briefing No. 115, "The
Swamps of nsurgency: Nigeria's Delta
Unrest, August 3, 2006
75 Yahoo News, Kidnappers Release Law Maker's Son in
Southern Nigeria June 30, 2006
76 nternational Herald Tribune: Oil Companies n Niger
Delta Face Growing List of Dangers, June 06,
2007, P.1
77 bid
78 Punch Newspaper (Nigeria), Niger Delta Crisis: Shell
To Sack 3,500, Sunday, June10, 2007,P.14
79 Sunday Trust Newspaper, "How Asari Dokubo Plans
To Tackle Hostage Taking,
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80 bid
81 Punch Newspaper, "GSM Calls: Militants Compound
Operators' Woes, http:///www.punchng.com,
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82 Punch Newspaper, bid
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85 Emma Amaize, "Niger Delta Commercial Hostage
Takers Uncovered, http:www.vanguardngr.com
accessed July 15, 2007
86 nternational Herald Tribune, "Oil Companies in Niger
Delta Face Growing List of Dangers, Op. Cit
87 Saturday Punch, "Kidnapping Has Become The Order
of the Day, http://www.punchng.com,
accessed July 15, 2007
88 Punch Newspaper, "Expatriates Abandon Scheme,
http://www.punchng.com, accessed July 13,
2007
89 Simeon Kolawole, "Kidnapping s A Child's Play,
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15, 2007
90 nternational Crisis Group, "Fuelling The Niger Delta
Crisis, Crisis Group Africa Report No. 118, 28
September, 2006, P.8
91 Abdulla salem El-Badri, OPEC Secretary General,
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92 Ogoni Bill of Rights. Available at www.mosop.org.
Accessed on 21st October , 2010.
93 Nussbaum 2008, p.71.
94 bid. P.6
95 bid.
96 Omeje 2004,p.425.
97 Nussbaum 2008,p.73.
98 Niger Delta: The Complexities of the Post-Amnesty
Environment (part 1) .Available at
www.nigerdeltarising.org . Accessed on 16th September,
2010.
99 Nussbaum 2007,p.290.
100 Watts 2008 ,p.44
101 Nussbaum 2007, p.285.

REFERENCES
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Douglas O., 2008. Now s the Time. n Michael Watts (Ed):
Curse Of Black Gold: 50 years of oil in the Niger Delta.
Brooklyn: Powerhouse books.
Ejobowah, J.B., 2000.Who owns the Oil? The Politics of
Ethnicity in the Niger Delta. n Africa Today,
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Frynas,J.G, 1998 . Political nstability and Business: Focus
on shell in Nigeria. n: Third World Quarterly, Vol. 19,
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feka C., 2001. Oil, NGOs & Youths Struggle for Resource
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Right. n: African Insight, Vol. 37(1).

Jike T.V, 2004. Environmental Degradation, Social
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INTERNET SOURCES
A RAY OF HOPE N THE OL RCH NGER DELTA.
Available at www.aneej.org .Accessed 26th May, 2011.
Amnesty. Available at www.Oxfordreferences.com.
Accessed on 29th of May, 2011.
Amnesty nternational, an NGO grouped Nigeria as one of
the 50 most corrupt nations in world out of 180 nations
surveyed in its 2009 annual survey. Available at
www.amnesty.org. Accessed on 26th May 2010.
Fund for Peace an NGO ranked Nigeria the15th failed
state out 177th nations surveyed, a position it has
progressively held for years in the index. Available at
www.fundforpeace.org . Accessed on 29th May, 2011.
Gas Flaring in Nigerian: A human Rights, Environment
and Economic Monstrosity .Available at
http://www.foe.co.uk. Accessed on June 3rd, 2011.
Gas Flaring n Nigeria: An overview. Available at
http://justiceinnigerianow.org. Accessed on 3rd June,
2011.
Mapping Sub-Saharan Africa's Future . Available at
http://www.cia.gov/nic/confreports_africa_future.html.
Accessed on 3rd June, 2011.
Niger Delta: The Complexities of the Post-Amnesty
Environment (part 1) .Available at
www.nigerdeltarising.org . Accessed on 6th June, 2011.
Niger Delta of Nigeria. Available at www.worldwildlife.org .
Accessed on 1st June, 2011.
Nigerian Amnesty plans faces Difficulties. Available at
www.nytimes.com. Accessed on 29 May,2011.
Petroleum Act. Available at http://www.nigeria-
law.org/Petroleum. Accessed on 3rd of June, 2011.
Shell Petroleum Development Company .Available at
http://www.shell.com/ . Accessed on 4th June,2011.
Shell fails to stop Nigeria flaring, again .Available at
http://www.foei.org . Accessed on 3rd June, 2011
Slow start for Niger Delta Amnesty .Available at
www.ipsnews.net. Accessed on 15th June, 2011
Yar'dua announces amnesty for Niger Delta Militants.
Availabel at http://234next.com . Accessed on 3rd June,
2011.

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