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THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE AFTER VERBS

I.Here are some common verbs that are followed by the Gerund avoid escape deny mention suggest practise keep finish delay postpone imagine fancy mind miss risk enjoy detest resent recall recollect appreciate* understand* excuse* forgive* pardon*

cant help ( stand , resist , face ) E.g :We must avoid hurting other peoples feelings James suggested going to the movies I cant stand seeing you bite your nails +NOTE :The berbs marked (*) are nearly always followed by a possessive Adj / noun in the Possessive case + Gerund . E.g :Please excuse ( forgive , pardon ) my disturbing you . II.Here are some common verbs that are followed by the Infinitive : afford agree appear arrange ask choose decide expect fail happen help hesistate hope learn manage offer prepare pretend promise refuse swear threaten undertake want wish

E.g :He agreed to come with us . She chose to stay at home that evening . They promised not to be late III.Here are some common verbs that are followed either by the Gerund or the Infinitive *Group 1 : Either the gerund or the Infinitive may be used after these verbs , but there is often a difference of meaning . begin start continue like love adore remember forget prefer 1 intend propose mean

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cease stop dislike hate dread regret omit cant bear

E.g : He began to see the truth . I must remember to post the letter . I remember seeing her when I was a little girl . *Group 2 :The Gerund or a Personal object + Infinitive follows these verbs in the active voice ; in the passive voice only the Infinitive is used . advise admit allow consider forbid permit require

E.g :He doesnt allow talking in this room . He doesnt allow us to talk in this room . We arent allowed to talk in this room *Group 3 :The Gerund used after these verbs in equivalent to the Passive Infinitive . ( The gerund is the only form used after TO BEAR ) need want require deserve bear E.g :My shirt needs mending ( needs to be mended )

OTHER USES OF THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE I. The Gerund is used after Prepositions and after nearly all two word verbs : E.g :Im tired of meeting the same people every day . People cant live without eating and drinking . *NOTE :The Infinitive , general without TO , is used after the Prepositions BUT , EXCEPT ,THAN and TO ( in BE ABOUT TO , OUGHT TO , USED TO ) E.g : He did nothing else than laugh . I used to live alone , but I dont now . II.The Gerund is used after these expressions :ITS NO GOOD , ITS NO USE , IT ISNT WORTHWHILE , BE WORTH , BE NEAR , BE BUSY , FEEL LIKE , THERE IS ( NO , LITTLE , MUCH , NOTHING LIKE ) E.g :Its no good talking to him . She was very near dying 2

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III.The Gerund may follow Possessive Adjectives ( MY , YOUR , HIS .)and nouns in the Possessive case.These Adjectives and nouns are the subject of the Gerund . E.g :His having won the prize made him very happy . Would you mind my opening the window ? IV.The Infinitive with TO is used after most Intransitive verbs to express a purpose , an intention or a result . E.g :We stopped to have a rest . You will live to regret it . V.The Infinitive is used after most Transitive verbs in the pattern S + V + O + infinitive E.g : I forbid you to go there again . * NOTE :The Infinitive without TO is used after verbs of Perception ( SEE , HEAR , WATCH , FEEL , SMELL , NOTICE , OBSERVE ) and such verbs as LET , MAKE , HAVE . E.g :Did you see him go out . VI.the Infinitive with TO is used after HOW , WHEN , WHERE , WHAT , WHICH ,. As the equivalent of noun clauses . E.g :Would you please show me how to do this ? VII.The Infinitive with TO is used after Nouns , Indefinite , Pronouns , Adjectives and Adverbs as their Modifier . E.g :You are very kind to say so . One is never too old to learn . EXERCISE Put the verbs between brackets in their correct Infinitive or Gerund form : 1.The children are busy ( collect ) shellss on the beach . 2.She had to ask the boys ( stop) ( make ) noise . 3.Our teacher has promised ( help ) us ( prepare ) for the exam . 4.Id love ( have ) an opportunity of (meet ) you again . 5.Ther is no ( deny )that he enjoys ( listen ) to his own voice . 6.Is ( boil ) or ( fry ) the best way of ( cook ) this fish . 7.Its no use you r ( ask )him ( lend ) you any money . 8.She stopped ( talk ) as if waiting for him ( speak ). 9.He advised me ( consider ) all the facts before ( decide ) ( accept ) the job . 10.My uncle used to ( show ) me where ( go ) and what ( buy ). 3

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11.There is nothing like ( walk ) as a means of ( keep ) 12.I couldnt resist ( ask ) him why he was trying ( avoid )(meet ) me . THE END