Suggested Solutions MaDCh5NVCO08 trigonometry

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MaDCh5NVCO08 Trigonometry
Instruction: Test time 180 minutes for Part I and Part II together. We recommend that you spend no more than 90 minutes on Part I. Resources Part I: Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics Courses D. Please note calculators are not allowed in this part. Part II: Calculators, also symbolic calculators and Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics Courses D. Test The test material should be handed in together with your solutions. material Write your name, the name of your education programme / adult education on all sheets of paper you hand in. Solutions to Part I should be handed in before you retrieve your calculator. You should therefore present your work on Part I on a separate sheet of paper. Please note that you may start your work on Part II without a calculator. The test The test consists of a total of 22 problems. Part I consists of 7+6 problems and Part II consists of 4+6 problems. Choose problems in your level. If you are aiming high and seeking VG-MVG as a grade then you should solve problems Part I: 8-13 [3/16/ points]and Part II 14, 16, 18, 20-22 [4/18/ points] (G: 14; VG: 28 (at least 11VG); MVG: 30 points (at least 22 VG) and MVG-quality solutions) Otherwise choose G-level problems Part I 1-7 [19 G-points] , Part II 14, 15, 17, and 19 [12 G-points] altogether 31 points. You need to have at least 15 points in this test to pass! To some problems (where it says Only answer is required) it is enough to give short answers. For the other problems short answers are not enough. They require that you write down what you do, that you explain your train of thought, that you, when necessary, draw figures. When you solve problems graphically/numerically please indicate how you have used your resources. Problem 13 is a larger problem which may take up to 30 minutes to solve completely. It is important that you try to solve this problem. A description of what your teacher will consider when evaluating your work is attached to the problem. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions. Score and See above mark levels The maximum number of points you can receive for each solution is indicated after each problem. If a problem can give 2 Pass-points and 1 Pass with distinction-point this is written (2/1). Some problems are marked with , which means that they more than other problems offer opportunities to show knowledge that can be related to the criteria for Pass with Special Distinction in Assessment Criteria 2000.

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Part I (recommended time 90 minutes)

This part consists of 7 G-level and 6 VG/MVG-level problems. Those seeking a higher grade do not need to solve problems1-7 and may directly go to problem 8. The use of a calculator is forbidden in this part! The solution to this part must be written on a separate paper. Please note that you may begin working on part II without a calculator.

Part I G problems
If you are seeking higher than G go directly to the section for VG-MVG level problems. Only if you can not solve those you may return back to these G-level problems. We recommend that you don not use more than 90 minutes on part I. 1. Simplify sin ( x 90) + sin ( x + 180) [1/0] Suggested solutions: Answer: sin ( x 90) + sin ( x + 180) = cos x sin x sin ( x 90) + sin ( x + 180) = sin x cos 90 cos x sin 90 + sin x cos180 + cos x sin 180 sin ( x 90) + sin ( x + 180) = sin x 0 cos x (1) + sin x ( 1) cos x 0 Answer: sin ( x 90) + sin ( x + 180) = cos x sin x In simplification of the expression above the following facts are used [1/0] sin 90 = 1 , cos 90 = 0 , sin 180 = 0 , cos180 = 1 In the simplification of the expression, the following trigonometric functions are used: sin ( + ) = sin ( )cos( ) + cos( )sin ( ) and sin ( ) = sin ( )cos( ) cos( )sin ( ) 2. The solution of the equation sin x = 0.60 according to the calculator is x 37 . [2/0] Determine all of the equations solutions in the interval 0 x 720 . Suggested solutions: Answer: 0 x 720 are: x 37 , x 143 , x 397 , x 503 . Data: sin x = 0.60 x = sin 1 (0.60) x 37 y Due to properties of the unit circle illustrated in the figure to the left: sin (180 ) = sin Q ( x, y ) P ( x, y ) Therefore the general solutions of the equation sin x = 0.60 are: x 37 + 360 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... x 180 37 + 360 n x x 37 + 360 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... x 143 + 360 n S ( x, y ) R ( x, y ) Answer: Solutions of the equation sin x = 0.60 in the interval 0 x 720 are: x 37 , x 143 , x 397 , x 503 . [2/0]

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3. Determine all of solutions of the following equations. Answer in the surd form (exact) a. 4 + sin 2 x = 3 [1/0] b. sin 4 x = 0.5 [1/0] c. cos 3 x = 1 [1/0] d. 5 tan 2 x = 5 [1/0] e. sin 2 x = 2 sin x [2/0] f. 5 sin 2 x cos 3 x = 0 [2/0] Suggested solutions: a. 4 + sin 2 x = 3 sin 2 x = 3 4 sin 2 x = 1 2 x = sin 1 ( 1) 2 x = 270 + 360 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... 270 360 x= + n n = 0, 1, 2, ... 2 2 Answer: x = 135 + 180 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... [1/0] 4 x = 30 + 360 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... b. sin 4 x = 0.5 4 x = sin 1 (0.5) 4 x = 180 30 + 360 n
30 360 x = 4 + 4 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... x = 150 + 360 n 4 4 x = 7.5 + 90 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... Answer: x = 37.5 + 90 n

[1/0]
n = 0, 1, 2, ...

c. cos 3 x = 1 3x = cos 1 ( 1) 3 x = 180 + 360 n 180 360 x= + n n = 0, 1, 2, ... 3 3 Answer: x = 60 + 120 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... d. 5 tan 2 x = 5 tan 2 x =

[1/0]

5 = 1 2 x = tan 1 (1) 5 45 180 + n n = 0, 1, 2, ... 2 x = 45 + 180 n n = 0, 1, 2, .. x = 2 2 Answer: x = 22.5 + 90 n n = 0, 1, 2, .. [1/0]

e. sin 2 x = 2 sin x 2 sin x cos x = 2 sin x 2 sin x cos x 2 sin x = 0 [1/0] sin x = 0 x = 180 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... 2 sin x (cos x 1) = 0 cos x 1 = 0 cos x = 1 x = 360 n Answer: x = 180 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... [1/0] f. 5 sin 2 x cos 3 x = 0 sin 2 x = 0 2 x = 180 n x = 90 n cos 3x = 0 3x = 90 + 180 n x = 30 + 120 n x = 90 n n = 0, 1, 2, .. Answer: x = 30 + 60 n

n = 0, 1, 2, ..
[1/0]

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4. Determine sin 720 + cos 540 . [1/0] Suggested solutions: sin 720 + cos 540 = sin (2 360) + cos(180 + 360) = 0 1 = 1 Answer: sin 720 + cos 540 = 1 [1/0] Using sin 720 = sin (2 360) = 0 and cos 540 = cos(180 + 360) = cos(180) = 1 5. In the isosceles triangle ABC illustrated below,
AB = AC = 6 cm , and BC = 3 cm .Show that cos A =
A

7 . 8 [2/0]
6 cm 6 cm

Suggested solutions: Data: AB = AC = 6 cm c = b = 6 cm ,

BC = 3 cm a = 3 cm We may use the cosine rule to solve the problem: a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2 b c cos A 32 = 6 2 + 6 2 2 6 6 cos A [1/0] 9 = 36 + 36 72 cos A 9 = 72 72 cos A 72 cos A = 72 9 72 cos A = 63 63 7 9 / 7 cos A = = cos A = QED! 72 8 9 / 8

3 cm

[1/0]

6. If sin x = 0.6 without finding x determine a. cos x . b. sin 2 x . c. cos 2 x . d. tan 2 x . Suggested solutions: Data: sin x = 0.6

[1/0] [1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

a. cos x = 1 sin 2 x cos x = 1 0.6 2 = 1 0.36 = 64 = 0.8 Answer: cos x = 0.8 [1/0] 2 2 Using the Fundamental Trigonometric Identity: sin x + cos x = 1 b. sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x sin 2 x = 2 0.6 ( 0.8) = 0.96 Answer: sin 2 x = 0.96 [1/0] Using the Double Angle Identity: sin (2 x ) = 2 sin ( x )cos ( x ) , sin x = 0.6 , and cos x = 0.8 c. cos 2 x = 1 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x = 1 2 0.6 2 = 1 2 0.36 = 1 0.72 = 0.28 Using Double Angle Identity: cos (2 x ) = 1 2 sin 2 ( x ) , and sin x = 0.6 . Answer: cos 2 x = 0.28 [1/0] Note that the use of sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 or cos = 1 sin 2 where = 2 x will create a fake negative answer which must be omitted. / sin 2 x 0.96 96 4 24 24 sin = = = = Using tan = d. tan 2 x = / cos 2 x 0.28 28 47 7 cos 24 Answer: tan 2 x = [1/0] 7

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7. Show that cos 2 x 1 + tan 2 x = 1 . [2/0] Suggested solutions: 2 2 2 sin x 2 = cos 2 x 1 + sin x = cos 2 x cos x + sin x cos 2 x (1 + tan 2 x ) = cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x cos x cos 2 x + sin 2 x = cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1 cos 2 x 1 + tan 2 x = cos 2 x QED [2/0] 2 cos x

Using: The Fundamental Trigonometric Identity sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 and tan =

sin cos

Part I VG-MVG problems (recommended time 90 minutes)

The use of a calculator is forbidden in this part! The solution to this part must be written on a separate paper.

8. Use the formula cos( ) and cos( + ) to show that. a. cos ( ) = cos ( ) [0/1] sin ( ) = sin ( ) . [0/2] b. cos(60 + x ) + cos(60 x ) = cos x . c. [0/3] Suggested solutions: a. cos ( ) = cos ( )cos ( ) + sin ( )sin ( ) cos ( ) = cos (0 ) = cos (0)cos ( ) + sin (0 )sin ( ) = 1 cos ( ) + 0 sin ( ) = cos ( ) Using cos (0 ) = 1 and sin (0 ) = 0 Answer: cos ( ) = cos ( ) [0/1] b. cos ( ) = cos ( )cos ( ) + sin ( )sin ( ) cos (90 ) = sin sin ( ) = cos (90 ( )) = cos (90 + ) sin ( ) = cos (90 + ) = cos (90)cos ( ) sin (90)sin ( ) = 0 cos ( ) 1 sin ( ) = sin ( ) Using cos (90) = 0 and sin (90) = 1 Answer: sin ( ) = sin ( ) [0/1] a. cos(60 + x ) + cos(60 x ) = cos x cos( + ) = cos( )cos( ) sin ( )sin ( ) cos(60 + x ) = cos(60)cos(x ) sin (60)sin ( x ) cos( ) = cos( )cos( ) + sin ( )sin ( ) cos(60 x ) = cos(60)cos( x ) + sin (60)sin ( x ) cos(60 + x ) + cos(60 x ) = cos(60)cos( x ) sin (60)sin ( x ) + cos(60)cos( x ) + sin (60)sin ( x ) 1 / cos(60 + x ) + cos(60 x ) = 2 cos(60)cos( x ) = 2 cos( x ) = cos x QED / 2 Answer: cos(60 + x ) + cos(60 x ) = cos x [0/3]

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9. Find the exact value of sin 315 . You are not allowed to use any calculator. [0/1] 2 Suggested solutions: Answer: sin 315 = 2 We may use sin (360 ) = sin ( )
sin 315 = sin (360 45) = sin (45) = 2 2

[0/1]

Answer: sin 315 =

2 2

Second method: We may use sin ( + ) = sin ( )cos( ) + cos( )sin ( )

2 2 sin 315 = sin (180 + 135) = sin (180)cos(135) + cos(180)sin (135) = 0 + (1) 2 = 2
Using sin (180) = 0 , cos(180) = 1 , and sin (135) = sin (180 135) = sin (45) =
2 2

10. Find all solutions of the equation sin 5 x = 0.60 . It is well known that sin 37 0.60 . Suggested solutions: 37 360 x = 5 + 5 n sin 5 x = 0.60 5 x = 37 + 360 n x = 7.4 + 72 n sin 37 = 0.60 5 x = 180 37 + 360 n x = 28.6 + 72 n x = 143 + 360 n 5 5 [0/2] 11. Using the properties of the unit circle determine angle in the interval [1/2] 0 180 such that sin 0.5 ? Suggested Solutions: We may visualize the problem by plotting the unit circle and the line y y = 0.5 as illustrated below: The line y = 0.5 cuts the circle in two points. 1 These points (angles) are the solutions of y = 0.5 the problem. 0.5 sin = 0.5 = sin 1 0.5 = 30 1 x = 30 Answer: sin = 0.5 [1/0] = 180 30 = 150 Note that most of calculators at present (2010) give only = 30 as a respond to sin 1 0.5 and miss the second solution. This solution must be realized by the person solving the problem. We may then use the figure to answer the question sin 0.5 . It is clear on the unit circle that the solution of sin 0.5 are angles smaller than or equal to 30 as well as angles larger than or equal to 150 . i.e.: [0/1] sin 0.5 0 30 Answer: [0/1] sin 0.5 150 180

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When assessing your work with the problems12 and 13 your teacher will take into consideration How well you carry out your calculations How close you come to a general solution How well you justify your conclusions How well you present your work How well you use mathematical language

12. Find the area of an equilateral (liksidigt) [0/1/M1 M3M5] triangle of side a cm .
Suggested solutions: According to the area theory bc sin A ca sin B ab sin C Area = = = 2 2 2 Using the fact that in an equilateral triangle of side a cm all sides are equal as well as all the angles: a = b = c cm , and A = B = C = 60

a cm

a cm

a cm

3 bc sin A a a sin 60 2 = a 2 3 cm Area = 3 a 2 cm Area = Area = = 2 4 4 2 2 3 Using the table in the formula sheets: sin 60 = . [0/1/M1M3M5] 2 Second method: 3 a2 bh a a sin 60 2 = a 2 3 cm Area = Area = = 2 4 2 2 h 3 3 Using sin B = h = b sin B = a sin 60 = a cm and using sin 60 = b 2 2 a2 MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses
general methods with problem solving.

M3 Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses

mathematical reasoning.

M5 The presentation is structured, and

mathematical-physical language is correct.

In solving the problem12, student shows MVG-quality through Using generalized method 3 2 Area = a cm 4 Uses sine rule, names the sides, and 3 realizes SinA = sin 60 = 2 The solution is mathematically correct and easy to follow.

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13. In the triangle BAC the length of the sides a , b and sin B are known. What other information is needed to draw at least one triangle? Explain. Show details of your calculations. Assume reasonable values for a , b , sin B and draw the possible triangles. [2/4/M1-M5]
Suggested Solutions We may use the sine law to calculate the missing angles or length of A unknown sides: sin A sin B sin C = = a b c b c sin A sin B a sin B = sin A = Using a b b a sin B and the fact that sine According to sin A = b B a is a limited function, and in a triangle its value is a sin B 1 a sin B b always less than or equal to one, i.e.: sin A 1 b If the angle B is an acute 1 angle, i.e. if 0 < B < 90 , and a sin B b we should be able to draw two triangles. Lets assume: a = 10.0 cm , b = 8.00 cm and B = 50 . Note that condition a sin B b is fulfilled. We may follow the following steps: i From an arbitrary point B , draw a horizontal line BC = a = 10.0 cm . ii From the point B , draw another line BA such that it will make an acute angle B = 50 . The length of the line should be larger than a = 10.0 cm . iii Draw a circle of radius b = 8.00 cm and center C . The
A2

c
b

A1

circle intersects the line BC at two different points. Name these points A1 and A2 . The triangles A1 BC and A2 BC are the desired triangles who fulfill the conditions a = 10.0 cm , b = 8.00 cm and B = 50 . a sin B 10 sin 50 = 0.958 A = sin 1 (0.958) iv Note that sin A = 8 b

acute angle (Swedish: spetsig)

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A 73.3 C = 180 (A + B ) 180 (50 + 73.3) C 56.8 A 180 73.3 = 106.8 C = 180 (A + B ) 180 (50 + 106.8) C 23.2 If the triangle BAC is a right-triangle, the following situations may rise: If b < a , the additional condition to draw b the triangle is sin B = . If the condition A b sin B = is satisfied, there is only one A possibility to draw the right-triangle ABC . The procedure is the same as above, but instead the line drawn from the vertex B is then tangent to the circle, and therefore, A = 90 and b is the hypotenuse of the triangle. If B = 90 , the additional condition to draw the triangle is b > a . This is due to the fact that in any right-triangle the hypotenuse, b , which is the side oppose to the angle B = 90 must be larger than the other sides. This case b requires also sin B = sin 90 = 1 .This c situation is illustrated in the figure to the right: a C
A

On the other hand, if the angle B is an obtuse 2 angle, i.e. if 90 B < 180 , the side b should be longer than a ,i.e.: b > a . Otherwise, it is not possible to make a circle which would intersect the line BA . Example: a = 5.0 cm , b = 7.00 cm and B =120 We may follow the same steps as above, but there will be only one possible triangle Note that a sin B 5 sin 120 sin A = = = 0.619589 7 b A = sin 1 (0.619589) A 38.2 C = 180 (A + B ) C 180 (120 + 38.2) C 21.8 sin A sin B sin C sin C = = c = b sin B a b c sin 21.8 c = 7 c = 3.00 cm sin 120
2

In Swedish: TRUBBIG

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Of course mirror reflection of the triangle on the x-axis will produce another triangle which is identical with the one above, but looks different.

MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses

general methods with problem solving.

M2 Analyses and interprets the results, concludes

and evaluates if they are reasonable.

M3 Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses

mathematical reasoning.

M4 Evaluates and compares different methods

and mathematical models.

M5 The presentation is structured, and the

mathematical language is correct.

In solving the problem 13, the student demonstrate the highest quality by sin A sin B sin C = = Uses and a b c investigates in general different possibilities. Investigates and interprets different possibilities and plots the possible triangles. Carries out mathematical proof, analyzes mathematically different situations, and plots the possible triangles. Evaluates and compares different mathematical models. The solution is mathematically correct and easy to follow.

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Part II
This part consists of 6 problems and you may use a calculator when solving them. Please note that you may begin working on part II without a calculator.

14. In the triangle ABC illustrated in the figure below, B = 101. , C = 40.0 , and A BC = 10.0 cm . The triangle is not scaled properly and measurement from the figure is not accepted as a solution. a) Determine the length of side AB . [2/0] Calculate the area of the triangle [1/0] ABC . Suggested solution: Data: B = 101. , C = 40.0 , BC = 10.0 cm a) We may first calculate the angle A = 180 . 101 . 40. = 39 b)

101.
B

40.
10.0 cm

[1/0] Then use sine rule to calculate the side AB : sin A sin C = BC sin C = AB sin A BC AB sin C sin 40 AB = BC = 10.0 = 10.21 cm 10.2 cm [1/0] Answer: AB 10.2 cm sin A sin 39 Use the area rule to calculate the area of the triangle: AB BC sin B 10.2 10.0 sin 101 area = 50.1 cm 2 2 2 Answer area 50.1 cm 2 b)

[1/0]

Choose only one: Choose to solve problem 15(G-level) or 16 (VG-level):

sin 2 x =1 . cos x x = 30 + 360n Suggested solutions: Answer: x = 150 + 360n 1 sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x 1 =1 = 1 sin x = x = sin 1 2 cos x cos x 2
15. Find all solutions of the equation

[3/0]

[2/0]

x = 30 + 360n x = 30 + 360n x = 180 30 + 360n x = 150 + 360n

[1/0]

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16. Solve the equation. Give the answer with one decimal: 3 cos2 x = 2 sin x + 2 . [0/3]

x2 = 19.5 + n 360 Suggested Solutions. Answer: x1 = 270 + n 360 ; x3 = 160.5 + n 360 2 3 cos x = 2 sin x + 2 We use fundamental Trigonometric Identity: sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 3 cos 2 x = 2 sin x + 2 3 1 sin 2 x = 2 sin x + 2 3 3 sin 2 x = 2 sin x + 2 [0/1] 2 2 cos x = 1 sin x 3 3 sin 2 x = 2 sin x + 2 3 sin 2 x + 2 sin x + 2 3 = 0 3 sin 2 x + 2 sin x 1 = 0 Lets sin x y , and factorization method: 2 1 1 3 sin 2 x + 2 sin x 1 = 0 3 y 2 + 2 y 1 = 0 y 2 + y = 0 ( y + 1) y = 0 3 3 3 y + 1 = 0 y = 1 sin x = 1 x1 = 270 + n 360 1 ( y + 1) y = 0 1 [0/1] 1 1 1 y = 0 y = sin x = x = sin 1 3 3 3 3 3 x2 = 19.5 + n 360 1 x = 19.5 + n 360 x = sin 1 [0/1] 3 x = 180 19.5 + n 360 x3 = 160.5 + n 360 x2 = 19.5 + n 360 Answer: x1 = 270 + n 360 ; x3 = 160.5 + n 360

Second method:The quadratic equation may be solved using PQ- formula: 2 1 2 1 3 sin 2 x + 2 sin x 1 = 0 3 y 2 + 2 y 1 = 0 y 2 + y = 0 p + , q = 3 3 3 3

p 2 2 4 12 2 16 p 2 1 q y = + y = + y= 2 6 6 36 36 6 36 2 6 3 24 6 = = 1 sin x = 1 x1 = 270 + n 360 y1 = 6 6 2 4 y= 6 6 y 2 = 2 + 4 = 2 = 1 sin x = 1 x = sin 1 1 3 6 6 3 3 y=

x2 = 19.5 + n 360 1 x = 19.5 + n 360 x = sin 1 3 x = 180 19.5 + n 360 x3 = 160.5 + n 360 x2 = 19.5 + n 360 Answer: x1 = 270 + n 360 ; x3 = 160.5 + n 360

[0/1]

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Choose only one: Choose to solve problem 17(G-level) or 18 (VG-level): 4 17. Find the exact value of sin 2 if cos = and 0 180 . [3/0] 5 24 Suggested solutions: Answer: sin (2 ) = 25 4 9 cos = sin = 5 25 2 2 2 3 sin + cos = 1 sin = 1 cos sin = [1/0] Due to the fact that 0 only 5 sin (2 ) = 2 sin cos the positive value of sin must be chosen: 4 3 sin (2 ) = 2 2 5 5 4 sin = 1 cos 2 sin = 1 24 5 Answer: sin (2 ) = [1/0] 25 16 25 16 [1/0] sin = 1 = 25 25 Second method: Answer: sin (2 ) = 0.96 4 4 cos = = cos 1 = 36.87 sin (2 ) = sin (2 36.87) = sin (73.74) = 0.96 5 5 Note that the second method is a weaker method and may not produce the exact value of sin (2 ) = 0.96 in the surd form.

18. Find the exact value of sin ( A + B ) if 4 sin ( A) = 90 < A < 180 5 12 sin (B ) = 180 < B < 270 13 Suggested solutions: We may use sin ( + ) = sin ( )cos( ) + cos( )sin ( ) , and sin 2 + cos 2 = 1

[0/4]

sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1 cos 2 A = 1 sin 2 A cos 2 A = 1 sin 2 A 16 25 16 9 3 cos 2 A = 1 = = cos A = [0/1] 4 25 25 25 5 sin ( A) = 90 < A < 180 5 2 cos B = 1 sin 2 B 5 144 25 = cos B = [0/1] cos 2 B = 1 12 13 169 169 180 < B < 270 sin (B ) = 13 Note that only negative values of the cosines are chosen in both cases. This is due to the fact that cosine of any angle in the second as well as the third quadrant is negative. Using sin ( A + B ) = sin ( A)cos(B ) + cos( A)sin (B ) :
4 5 3 12 20 + 36 16 16 [0/2] + = = sin ( A + B ) = 5 13 5 13 65 65 65 4 12 Check: sin ( A) = A 127, sin (B ) = B 247 sin (127 + 247) 0.246 5 13 sin ( A + B ) =

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Choose only one: Choose to solve problem 19 (G-level) or 20 (VG-level): A 19. Find the area of the triangle ABC illustrated below: [3/0] 65.0 2 55.0 m Suggested solutions: Answer: Area = 688 m We may use the are formula to calculate the area of bc sin A the triangle: Area = . 85.0 2 C B To use the formula above we may use sine law to calculate the side b AC , but we first may calculate the angle [1/0] B = 180 65 85 = 30 : sin 30 sin 85 55 sin 30 sin B sin C = b= = = 27.6 m [1/0] b c b 55 sin 85 bc sin A 27.6 55.0 sin 65 = Area = = 688 m 2 [1/0] Answer: Area = 688 m 2 2 2

20. ABCD is inscribed in a circle of diameter L . Show that the diameter L is related to the length of sides of ABCD through: D (ab + cd )(ac + bd ) L2 = [1/3] bc + ad Suggested Solutions: Both triangles DAB and BCD are righta b triangles. This is due to the fact that longer side of both of these triangles are the diameter L of the circle. [0/1]

C d Apply the Pythagoras Theorem to the rightA c triangle DAB where the angle DAB = 90 : L2 = b 2 + c 2 B Similarly in BCD where the angle DCB = 90 : L2 = a 2 + d 2 (ab + cd )(ac + bd ) = a 2bc + ab 2 d + ac 2 d + bcd 2 RHS = [0/1] bc + ad bc + ad bc a 2 + d 2 + ad b 2 + c 2 bc L2 + ad L2 (bc + ad ) L2 RHS = = L2 QED = = [0/1] bc + ad bc + ad bc + ad Note that b 2 + c 2 was replaced by its equivalent L2 = b 2 + c 2 . Similarly a 2 + d 2 was replaced by its equivalent L2 = a 2 + d 2 . [1/0]

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Suggested Solutions: MaDCh5NVCO08 Trigonometry

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When assessing your work with the problems 21 and 22 your teacher will take into consideration How well you carry out your calculations How close you come to a general solution How well you justify your conclusions How well you present your work How well you use mathematical language

x = 2 in general. Investigate if the equation has any solution in the 3 [0/4/M1M2M5] interval 360 < x < 720 . Suggested solutions: 2 x x 2 x 2 sin = 2 sin = [0/1] = sin 1 2 3 3 3 2 x = 45 + 360 n 3 [0/1] n = 0, 1, 2, ... x x = 180 45 + 360 n = 135 + 360 n 3 3 x = 3 45 + 3 360 n x = 135 + 1080 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... [0/1] x = 3 135 + 3 360 n x = 405 + 1080 n First few general solutions of the equation are x = 135 , x = 405 , x = 1 215 x Answer: The equation 2 sin = 2 has only one solution x = 405 in the 3 interval 360 < x < 720 . [0/1] x Second method 360 < x < 720 120 < < 240 3 x = 45 + 360 n 2 x 2 x x x 3 1 2 sin = 2 sin = = sin = 135 2 3 3 3 3 2 x = 135 + 360 n 3 MVG- quality In solving problem 21, the student demonstrate the highest quality by Formulates and develops the problem, M1 2 x Finds general solution of sin = uses general methods with problem 3 2 solving. x = 135 + 1080 n n = 0, 1, 2, ... x = 405 + 1080 n M2 Analyses and interprets the results, Chooses x = 405 and shows that it concludes and evaluates if they are is the only solution of the equation reasonable. in the interval 360 < x < 720 The presentation is structured, and the M5 The solution is mathematically mathematical language is correct. correct and easy to follow.
21. Solve 2 sin

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Suggested Solutions: MaDCh5NVCO08 Trigonometry 22. Solve the equation 10 sin 2 x = 21 cos x . x = 66.4 + 360 n Suggested solutions: Answer: [0/1] x = 293.6 + 360 n

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10 sin 2 x = 21cos x 10 1 cos 2 x = 21cos x 10 10 cos 2 x = 21 cos x 10 cos 2 x + 21 cos x 10 = 0 Lets y cos x . 10 cos 2 x + 21 cos x 10 = 0 10 y 2 + 21 y 10 = 0 y = 0 .4 2 5 10 y 2 + 21 y 10 = 0 10 y y + = 0 5 2 y = 2.5 unacceptable
Due to the fact that y cos x y 1 , only one of solutions above is acceptable. i.e.:

[0/1]

[0/1]

[0/1] x = 66.4 + 360 n x = 66.4 + 360 n y = 0.4 cos x = 0.4 x = cos 1 (0.4 ) x = 360 66.4 + 360 n x = 293.6 + 360 n Second method: We may solve the quadratic equation using factorization directly: 5 y 2 = 0 10 cos 2 x + 21 cos x 10 = 0 10 y 2 + 21 y 10 = 0 (5 y 2 )(2 y + 5) = 0 2 y + 5 = 0 Third method: We may solve the quadratic equation using pq-formula: 10 cos 2 x + 21 cos x 10 = 0 10 y 2 + 21 y 10 = 0 y 2 + 2.1 y 1 = 0 p = 2.1, q = 1

p p y = q y = 1.05 2 2 y= p p q y = 1.05 2 2
2

(1.05)2 + 1 y = 1.05 (1.05)2 + 1 y = 1.05

2.1025 y = 1.05 1.45 2.1025 y = 1.05 1.45

MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses

general methods with problem solving.

In solving problem 22, the student demonstrate the highest quality by Makes a change of variable, for example y cos x , obtains a second grade equation: 10 y 2 + 21 y 10 = 0 and solves the problem in general x = 66.4 + 360 n x = 293.6 + 360 n
Explains why only one of y = 0 .4 solutions to the y = 2 .5 quadratic equation 10 y 2 + 21 y 10 = 0 is acceptable. The solution is mathematically correct and easy to follow.

M2 Analyses and interprets the results, concludes

and evaluates if they are reasonable.

M5 The presentation is structured, and the

mathematical language is correct.

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Suggested Solutions: MaDCh5NVCO08 Trigonometry

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MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses M2 M3 M4 M5

general methods with problem solving. Analyses and interprets the results, concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable. Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning. Evaluates and compares different methods and mathematical models. The presentation is structured, and the mathematical language is correct.

12

13

21

22

Other problems

MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses

general methods with problem solving.

In solving the problem, the student demonstrate the highest quality by

M2 Analyses and interprets the results, concludes

and evaluates if they are reasonable. M3 Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning. M4 Evaluates and compares different methods and mathematical models. M5 The presentation is structured, and the mathematical language is correct.

The solution is mathematically correct and easy to follow.

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