Suggested solution to the test FyBCh12 NVC03 Sound

Sjdalsgymnasiet

What is the intensity of the sound at the pain level of 120 dB ? Compare it to that of a whisper at 20 dB . (2/0) 12 2 Suggested solution: Data: pain = 120 dB , 0 = 20 dB , I 0 = 10 W /m 1. Problem:
I pain I whisper =?

Answer: The intensity of the sound at the pain level of 120 dB is: I pain = 1.0 W / m 2 .

The intensity of the sound at the whisper level of 20 dB is: I whisper = 1.0 10 10 W / m 2 . The ratio of the intensity of the sound at the pain to that of the whisper is:
I pain I whisper = 1.0 1010 .

pain = 10 log
log I pain

I pain I = 120 dB log pain = 12 dB I I0 0 12 log(10 ) = 12 log I pain ( 12) = 12 log I pain + 12 = 12 log I pain = 0 I I whisper = 20 dB log whisper = 2 dB I I0 0 12 log(10 ) = 2 log I whisper ( 12) = 2 log I whisper + 12 = 2

I pain = 10 0 = 1 W / m 2

whisper = 10 log
log I whisper

log I whisper = 10 I whisper = 1.0 10 10 W / m 2

I pain I whisper = 1 = 1.0 1010 10 1.0 10

I a using: log x = a x = 10 a ; log = log a log b ; = 10 log dB I b 0 Second method: I I I pain = 10 log pain = 120 dB log pain = 12 pain = 1012 I I I0 0 0
I pain = I 0 1012 = 10 12 1012 = 1 W / m 2

whisper = 10 log
I whisper

I I whisper I = 20 dB log whisper = 2 whisper = 10 2 I I0 I0 0 = I 0 10 2 = 10 12 10 2 = 1.0 10 10 W / m 2

I pain I whisper

1 = 1.0 1010 10 1.0 10

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se

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Suggested solution to the test FyBCh12 NVC03 Sound

Sjdalsgymnasiet

2.

The A string on a violin has a fundamental frequency of 440 Hz . The length of vibrating portion is 32 cm and has a mass of 0.35 g . Under what tension the string must be placed? (2/2) Suggested solution: Data: f1 = 440 Hz , l = 32 cm = 0.32 m , m = 0.35 g = 3.5 10 4 kg Problem: FT = ? Answer: The A string on the violin must be under FT 87 N tension.

v=

FT

FT 2 m 2 m 2 FT = v 2 m / l FT = ( f ) = ( f1 2l ) = 4mlf1 m/l l l
(2/0)

(0/2)
FT 87 N

FT = 4 3.5 10 4 0.32 440 2 = 86.7 N 87 N Second method:

m , then l calculating the velocity of the wave using v = f = f11 = 2 fl , and finally, we may use
Of course, we may choose to calculate the density of the string first using =

v=

FT

to calculate the tension: (0/1) (1/0) (0/1)

FT 87 N

m 3.5 10 4 = 1.09 10 3 kg / m = l 0.32 v = f = f11 = 2 f1l using 1 = 2l v = 2 440 0.32 = 281.6 m / s

v=

FT

FT = 1.09 10 3 (281.6) = 86.7 N

2

FT = v 2

(1/0)

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Suggested solution to the test FyBCh12 NVC03 Sound

Sjdalsgymnasiet

3.

A jet plane emits 5.0 10 5 J of sound energy per second. a) What is the intensity level 30 m away? (1/1) b) Air absorbs sound at the rate of about 7.0 dB / km Calculate what the intensity level be i. 1.0 km away from the jet plane, (2/1) j. 5.0 km away from the jet plane, (2/1) taking into account the air absorption.

Suggested solution: 5 J / s = 5 . 0 10 5 Data: Sound power (energy per sec) of the jet P = 5 . 0 10 absorption of sound 7.0 dB / km , Problem: (a) (30 m ) = ? , r = 30 m (bi) (1000 m ) = ? (bii) (5000 m ) = ? a) Answer: The intensity level of the jet plane 30 m away from the plane is:

w , Air

(30 m ) 1.36 10 2 dB which is above the threshold of pain: 1.20 10 2 dB . 5.0 105 w P P = 44.21 w / m 2 w / m2 I = w / m2 = I= 2 2 A 4 r 4 (30 m )
I 44.21 = 10 log 12 = 136.45 dB 1.36 10 2 dB 10 I0

(0/1) (1/0)

= 10 log

(30 m ) 1.36 10 2 dB

bi) Answer: The intensity level of the jet plane 1.0 km away from the plane, taking into account the air absorption is: (1000 m ) 99 dB which is about the level of siren at 30 meter. 5.0 105 w P P = 3.98 10 2 w / m 2 w / m2 I = w / m2 = I= (1/0) 2 2 3 A 4 r 4 1.0 10 m

= 10 log

I 3.98 10 2 (3000 m ) = 10 log 10 12 7.0 106 7.0 dB = 99 dB I0

(1/1)

bii)Answer: The intensity level of the jet plane 5.0 km away from the plane, taking into account the air absorption is: (5000 m ) 57 dB which is about the intensity level of normal street traffic. 5.0 105 w P P 2 2 = 1.59 10 3 w / m 2 w/ m I = I= w/ m = (1/0) 2 2 3 A 4 r 4 5.0 10 m

= 10 log

I 1.59 10 (5000 m ) = 10 log 10 12 I0

7.0 5.0 92 35 dB = 57 dB

(1/1)

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Suggested solution to the test FyBCh12 NVC03 Sound

Sjdalsgymnasiet

4.

A 5.5 kHZ sound wave is directed toward an object moving at 4.5 m / s away the stationary source. What is the frequency of the reflected wave? (2/2)

Suggested solution: Data: f = 5.5 kHZ , vO = 4.5 m / s away, vs = 4.5 m / s away, v = 343 m / s Problem: Apparent frequency: f = ? Answer: The frequency of the reflected wave is f = 5358 Hz . It shifts by f = 142 Hz There are two Doppler shifts: I The object acts like a moving observer away from the source and detects a sound wave of frequency:
4 .5 v (1/1) f = 1 O f f = 1 5500 = 5428 Hz f = 5428 Hz v 343 The object acts like a moving source away from the observer and reflecting the II sound wave of frequency f = 5428 Hz . The reflected frequency is detected as: 5428 f , f = (1/1) Hz = 5358 Hz f = 5358 Hz f = 4 .5 vS 1 + 1 + v 343 The frequency of the reflected wave is f = 5358 Hz . It shifts by f = f f = 5358 5500 = 142 Hz

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se

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Suggested solution to the test FyBCh12 NVC03 Sound

Sjdalsgymnasiet

Two violin strings are tuned to the same frequency, 294 HZ . The tension in one string is then increased by 1.5% . What will be the beat frequency heard when the two strings are played together? (2/2) Suggested solution: Data: f = 294 HZ , FT = 1.5% , Problem: f Beat = ? Answer: The beat frequency is: f B 2.2 Hz 5.
FT v , 2 = m v1 L

v=

FT 2 m L = FT 1 m L

FT 2 FT 1

/ FT 2 1.015 FT 1 v 2 = = 1.015 / v1 FT 1 FT 1

v 2 = 1.015 v1
v2 v v f2 v v = f f = = = 2 f 2 = 2 f1 f B = f 2 f1 = 2 1 f1 v v1 v1 f1 v1 1
v

(0/1) (1/1)

1.015 v1 / fB = 1 f1 = 1.015 1 f1 f B = (1.007 1) f1 f B = (1 .007 1) 294 v1 / (1/0) f B = 0 .007 294 = 2 .197 2.2 Hz f B 2.2 Hz

Second method: 1.015 FT FT FT v2 = = 1.015 = 1.015 v1 v= m m m L L L v 1.015 v1 v = 1.015 f1 f = f2 = 2 = f B = f 2 f1 = 1 .015 1 f1 f B = f 2 f1 = 1 .015 1 294 = 2 .2 Hz

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