On-load tap-changers

Selection guide

During selection several important factors have to be considered to ensure that the correct equipment is chosen. This Selection Guide has been produced to simplify the selection process and to ensure that sufficient information exists to allow the correct selection to be made. The technical information pertaining to on-load tap-changers manufactured by ABB Power Technology Products has been divided in separate documents, with one document for each type. The information provided in this document is intended to be general and does not cover all possible applications. Any specific application not covered should be referred directly to ABB, or its authorized representative. ABB makes no warranty or representation and assumes no liability for the accuracy of the information in this document or for the use of such information. All information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Table of contents
The selection process ___________ Input data ____________________ On-load tap-changer range _______ On-load tap-changers ___________ Motor-drive mechanisms _________
3 4 5 6 7

The selection process

Below is a schematic plan, showing the selection process. Before the selection can start, certain input data has to be collected. After that the selection guide can be a help to select the most suitable tap-changer for the application in question. When the type of tapchanger is identified, the selection of the right size is made in the applicable Technical Guide. In the Technical Guide, the special features are chosen. The order data form can then be completed and sent to ABB, either by using the traditional ordering data sheets or by using the electronic version, which is available on www.abbcomponents.com. Information about mounting and service is given in the Installation and Commissioning, Maintenance and Repair Guides, available for all types. Further questions and detailed product information is available upon request. For any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact ABB.

Benefits of using tap-changers from ABB

Transformer data

OLTC data

Selection guide

ABB

Technical guide

Order data sheet

Order

Installation and commissioning guide Maintenance guide Repair guide Spare parts list

Input data
A number of parameters must be known prior to commencing the selection process and finally deciding type and size of on-load tap-changer. Once the basic parameters are known and type of tapchanger has been selected, the ordering data sheets can be completed, which then defines the tap-changer and associated motor drive mechanism in detail. For special applications such as DC and furnace applications, please contact ABB for further assistance. Referred standard and relevant specification Generally, ABB tap-changers fulfil requirements according to IEC 60214. If correctly chosen, the tapchanger will not restrict the occasional overloading of the transformer according to IEC 60354, ANSI/IEEE C.57.92 and CAN/CSA-C88-M90. If any other standard is required, please contact ABB. Insulation level The following values occurring on all tapping positions of the transformer should be checked against the applicable technical guide. - Power-frequency voltage appearing in the tapchanger during test or in service. - Impulse voltage appearing on the tap-changer during test on the transformer or in service. Highest phase service voltage across the regulating winding Example 115 kV 16 % regulating range Y connected, gives the parameter in question as 115 0.16 =10.6 kV 3 This value has to be compared with highest permissible phase service voltage across the regulating winding detailed in the applicable technical guide. This parameter may in some rare cases be a limiting factor. Rated through current The rated through current of the tap-changer should be not less than that resulting from the highest value of tapping current of the tapped winding of the transformer. Occasional overloading The ABB tap-changers have been designed to continuously carry a current of 1.2 times the maximum rated through current. In line with IEC 60214. Short-circuit current strength The tap-changer short-circuit current is given in the applicable technical guide. Phase step voltage If the step voltage varies over the range, full details together with associated currents is needed to calculate the maximum breaking capacity. Limit values are given in the applicable technical guide. Tapping range and tapping arrangement The number of tapping positions has to be considered when selecting type of tap-changer, as the different types have different maximal tapping range. - UZ 33 positions - UB 27 positions - UC 35 positions Tapping arrangement (i.e. linear, reversing or coarse/ fine) may also restrict type of tap-changers. Recovery voltage If the service voltage and the winding capacitance exceed certain limit values stated in the technical guide, tie-in resistors have to be used in order to avoid difficulties with regard to dielectric stresses within the change-over selector in the tap-changer. Contact life The predicted contact life is a function of the rated through current and has to be compared with the requirements. Temperature conditions The temperature of the oil or ambient air temperature surrounding the tap-changer can be in the range between 25 C and +105 C during normal service without any special precautions. The range can be extended to 40 C provided the oil viscosity is between 200 to 800 mm2/s (cst).

Max. rated voltage UM (kV) 72.5 Y ________ Restricted by insulation of neutral point to ground ________ 245 245 245 245 245 245

145

145

Approx. max. rated power (MVA) 50 60 150 150 600 800 1000

80

80

UZE.. 650 kV

UZF.. 650 kV

UBB.. 350 kV

UCG.N/C short 1050 kV UCG.N/I 1050 kV UCG.N/III 1050 kV UCL.N/III 1050 kV

UCD.N/III 1050 kV

UCC.N 1050 kV

On-load tap-changer range

1 2 3 4

L (m)

On-load tap-changers
The UZ types of on-load tap-changers are of the single compartment on-tank type. The selector and switching mechanisms are combined (selector switch) and are located in the main compartment, with the motor-drive mechanism welded to the outside. The unit is supplied ready to mount on the outside of the transformer tank.

The UBB type of on-load tap-changer is designed for mounting inside of the transformer tank, but contains features usually found with the on-tank type of tapchanger. This combination of the best qualities from both designs of tap-changer, makes the UBB model unique in its design and operation. Primarily designed for the medium sized transformer, the unit is compact and less costly than the equivalent diverter switch type of tap-changer.

The UC types of tap-changers are designed for mounting inside the transformer tank suspended from the transformer cover. The tap-changer consists of two main components, the diverter switch and the tap selector. Both are driven, via shafts and bevel gears, by a motor-drive mechanism. The diverter switch is immersed in oil in its own housing to prevent contamination of the oil in the transformer tank. The switch is spring operated. The breaking contacts are made of copper/tungsten. The current carrying contacts are made of copper or silver/copper, promoting good conductivity and low temperature rise. The tap selector consists of fixed contacts located on an insulating structure. The structure forms a cage around the two central shafts which carry the moving contacts. A Geneva gear, located at the top of the selector, operates the shafts alternately.

Motor-drive mechanisms
The motor-drive mechanisms used together with tap-changers type UB and UC are normally mounted on the side of the transformer tank and connected by a drive shaft and bevel gear. The motor drive cabinets contain all the necessary equipment for operating the tap-changer. Special equipment can be supplied in order to fulfil customer requests. Degree of protection is IP 56 according to IEC 60529.

The motor drive type BUE is available in two versions - BUE 1: Standard version - BUE 2: Extra space for accessories The cabinet is welded sheet steel and is treated for outdoor usage. The BUE 1 and BUE 2 can be used together with all tap-changers type UB and UC.

The motor drive type BUL is the optimal choice for all single-compartment in-tank tap-changers, except for UCC and UCD, and when only a limited number of accessories is needed. The cabinet is welded sheet steel and is in standard version hot dip galvanised.

ABB Power Technology Products AB Components Visiting address: Lyviksvgen 10 Postal address: SE-771 80 Ludvika, SWEDEN Tel.+46 240 78 20 00 Fax +46 240 121 57 E-mail: sales@se.abb.com www.abb.com

Printed in Sweden by Globe, Ludvika, 2002

1ZSE 5492-103 en, Rev. 4, 2002-04-15