Τράπεζα Α' Λυκείου

Y &
1998
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SBN: 960-541-014-1

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1.4 1.5 (. 35, 36, 37
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1998
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1. - ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ( ):
(2x) 2 ,
x4
9 ,
(- 20) 2
5. x x 5.
6. x + = 0 x ;
7. , , + = + ;
8. : x = x = x = - ;
9. f (x) =
x2 + x - 2;
10.
8
x2 = x ;
11. (2x + 3)0 = 1;

1
(. 33 - 34) 1998
4.

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:
x-1
1
=
x2 1 x + 1
()
()
, :
x, 1 - 1.
, x R
.
()
x-1
x, : x 2 1 = x + 1

11
()
: x R
x2 = x
. :
x
x2 = x
()
:
, :

.
(- 3) 2 = 9
3 =
1
3 , 0
25 = 5
..................
..................

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.....

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12
1. f, g h 11
(. 95 ),
:
) = f (x)

) = g (x)

) = h (x)

13
2. ( = ), :
) ^ = ^ + ^
3. f (x) =
) ^ = 90 - ^
1
) ^ = ^
2
3x
R
x 2 +4
4.
5. | x-3| = |3-x|
6. x >1 x > 1 x < - 1
8. -3+2 = -3 + 2
9. x-3 + 4=0
10. x + =0 , x = 0 y = 0
11.
12. x + 3 = x + 3
7. 3+x 2 =
1
3+x 2
14
13. x = x
14. x5 , x-5 =5-x
15. = , 2 + 2 = 2
4.2.
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1.
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15
x :
. 75
. 48
. 27
. 57
2.
f (x) = x2 + x + . :
. 1 - 2
. 0 2
. - 2 2
. - 1 2
1
5

2
2
16
. 67
3. x = - , x2 - 2 :
. 2x
. 2
. x -
4.
x =5
. 0
. x +
(x, ) :
x+3=9
. (- 1,6)
. (1,6) . (- 1, - 6)
. (1, - 6)
. (6, 1)
5. = 6 cm, = 3 cm, = 4 cm
^ = ^ = 35, :
25
cm
8
. 7 cm
35
cm
4
. 8 cm
25
cm
3
6. :
^x + ^ :
. 15
. 180
. 30
. 200
. 60
7. = .
^ :
. 20
. 40
. 80
. 60
. 100
8. x= > 0, :
. 2 = x
9. x + 1 +
. x > -1
. x2 = -
. = x2
. = x1/2 . 2 = - x
(x-1)2 = 2x :
. x 1
. x < 1
. x *
. x 1
1998, . 6, . 50.
17
10. x < 1 : x-1 + x-2 x-3 :

. 2x 1
. 3
. x - 2
11. A x2 = x + 3, x3 :
. x + 6
. 4x + 3 . 4x2 + 3
12. A =
. - x
. x2 + 3x + 3
. 0
. x2 + 27
8
, x -1;
x-3
. 8
13. x=-
. - 5
. 3
1
,
6
. - 6
. 6
. - 8
. 11
36x 4 +12x 2 +1 :
. 0
. 2
. 4
14. ( - 2) x = + 2 2x - = 4x + 5 ,
:
. 2
. - 4
. 4
. - 2
.
18
2
, :
3
. 36
. 90
. 15
. 100
15.
. 20
16. , :
. 15
. 90
. 150
. 135
. 120
17.
1x2 ,
. 3
. - 3
18. x, R
. 0
( x-1) 2 + ( x-2 ) 2
. 2
. 1
( x+1) 2 + (-3 ) 2 =0 , :
. x = - 1 = 3. x = 0 = 3
. x = 2 = - 2. x = 1 = 3
. x = - 1 = - 3
19. 15 2 . 2
40 . .
, ( ) - .
x, ,
;
. 40x - 15 = 2
. 15 (x - 2) = 40x
. 15x + 2 = 2x + 40
. 2x + 40 = 2 (x + 15)
. 40 (x + 2) = 15x
20.
9 km/h.
12 km/h. x ,
;
: 12x - 9 = 1
: x + 12 = 2 (9 + x)
: 9 (x + 1) = 12x
: 12 (x + 1) = 9x
19
: 9x + 1 = x + 1
4.3

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20

1
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() .
21
()

()

3x - 2 = 6
4x - = 12
2
4x + 3 = 12
2x - 3 = 6
3
x=3
4
=3
4x + = 12
5
5x + 3 = 15
22
2
() ().
()

()

f (x) =
2
x- 2
3
h (x) = - 2x2
() = -3
(x) = x2 + 1
(x) = 3x - 2
t (x) = 3x
(x) = - 2x + 3
23
3
() ().
()
x R
()
x
x-4 < 1
1<x<3
3<x<5
d (x , 2) < 1
- 3 < x < -1
x -1 x 3
d (1,x)2
1x3
x>3
x+ 2 >5
24
x < -7
4
()

()

= -
1
2
3
2
= - 3

25
5
() ().
()
()
1
(x - ) 2
x
(x 1) (x + 1)
x2
x2 1
1
x2
(1 - x) (1 + x)
x 2 2+
(1 - 2x)2
1
x2
4x2 - 4x + 1
2 1
1- + 2
x x
1
(1- )2
x
x 2 1
x2
26
6
()
().
()
()
x 1 < x < 5
2 (x - 1)
x -1
A=
B=
x
x 1
x +1 + 5 - x
1
6
13
2
7
13
-x+ 7+x
13
1
2
-2
x-5
2x 10
27
7
()
().
()
()
28
8
() ().
()
()
29
9
() ().
()
()

30
4.4
:

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1. 7i 36
1998.
2. 0 < < 1 :
1 +1
,
,0, - 1, 1,
2
3. 1, 2, 3, 4 f (x) = 3x - 2,
h (x) =
1
,
3x - 2
g (x) =
2x - 3 ,
1
,
2x - 3
(x) =
.
3x1, x <1
4. : f (x) = x+3, 1 x 2
1, x > 2
N :
f (- 1), f (
1
),
2
f (5),
f (6),
f (2)
5. A f R,
:
f (0),
f (- 1,5),
f (- 1),
f(
7
),
6
f(
3
)
5
6. f R 0 < <
:
31
f (),
f (
+
),
2
f (0),
f (),
f ( - )
7. > 1 :
1
,
4.5
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1. 12 42-43
1998.
2. x, .............
.......................... .
3. + = + , , ................................. .
4. .................... .......... .
5. , 2 , R
, 0, :
=........................
. =........................
=........................
6. :
i) x2 - . . . = (x +
1
1
) (x - )
2
2
32
ii) (x + . . .)2 = . . . + 2x + . . .
x
- . . .)2 = . . . - 2x + . . .
3
7. f
x1, x2 x1 < x2 .............
iii) (
8.
....................... .
1.
....................................... .
......................... .
...........................................
.

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2.
( - 2) x = 2 - 4, R. :

=3
x = .........
=2
................
=-2
................
=0
................
................
33
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. 1998
(.. 5, . 80),
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1.
:
300 .
65 . . ,
.
:

300 . 65 . .
x ;
. = 365x
. = 600x + 65
A. = 300x + 65
. = 300 + 65x
. = 365 + x
2.
:
x , :
i)
iv)
x6
x2
,
x
ii)
x 18
iii)
x6
x 0*
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35
- :
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x , :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
x 6 = x2
x 18 = x3
x 6 = x2
x2
=1
x
3.
:
:
i)
15
3
ii)
10
5 1
iii)
2 3
75
iv)
36
3 1
3 +1
v)
6
7+

()
():
()
()
15
3
5 ( 5 + 1)
2
3
75
5 3
10
2
5
5 1
2 3 7
5
3 1
3 +1
6
2 3
7+ 5
7+
3(
37
5)
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38
5. 1 *
: 1.11 - 1.12 ( - - ) .
1998
.
1. .2.
3. .. 4. .
5. .. 6. .. 7. .
8. .
: 1
.

1.
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2.
x, , .
2, 3, 5 ,
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1. ;
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1. ;
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(2 )
1. 27.
.
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(2 )
40

1.
) 36. :
. 134
. 124
. 144
. 54
. 64
(1 )
) x. x :
. 15
. 25
. 12
. 45
. 35
(1 )
) x,
( - ) :
. 90
. 100
. 80
. 110
. 70
(1 )
) 1 2 .
:
. 2 1 , . 1 2 ,
. 3 ,
. 2 1
. 3
(1 )
) ,
:
. 30
. 60
. 90
. 120
. 45
(1 )
) , :
. 30
. 45
. 60
. 90
. 120
(1 )
41
5.2. 1
: 1.2 () 1998
.
1. .2.
3. .. 4. .
5. .. 6. .. 7. .
8. .
: 1

1.
) , :
1 + (- 1) + 1 + 1 + 2 + (- 1) + 3 = 0
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
(2 )
) + 1 . 2 ();
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(2 )
2. , .
1
;
64
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(2 )
) 4 100 ,
( );
..................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(2 )
) , 2 ;
..................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(2 )

42
1. () ().
, :
0 : [(- )1]0 = 1
) 0 : [(- ) ] = - 1
3 4
4 3
) [(- 3) ] = [(- 3) ]
) A , , :
= , .
) = . 0, : =
) . 0, : [(.)]-1 = [(.)-1]
) 0 1, : = -
) 0, : - = (- )
) (0,1.10-6).(0,3.1013).(0,1.104)

) ( ) = ( ) 0, =
1 2
) . 0 , : ( ) =( )-
(0,410 = 4 )
() ( )
.
........................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(2 )
2. ()
().
() ().
()
()
(-2) + 1 = 8
3
-3
( )- k = 1
-5
0
43
[(.)]-1 = (.)3
5
-6
5 ( - 2)-1 = 2
6
(4 )
5.3 2
- 1.2 (),
1998
:
.
1. .2.
3. .. 4. .
5. .. 6. .. 7. .
8. .
.
: .*

1. :
) (0,5)15 . 5-15 . 1015
) 24 . 48 . 3-1
1
(3 )
(3 )
) ( 2 )-1 . 3 . ( 6 )2
(3 )
.

.
.
44

1.
.
) , ( - ) + ( - ) :
. - 2,
. 0,
. + ,
. 2
. 2,
(1 )
) ,
1 + (- 1) + 1 + 1 + 2 + (- 1) + 3 :
. 4,
. - 4,
. 3,
. 0,
. 2
(1 )
8
) x = 0,02 = 0,0001, 10 . x . :
. 4.108, . 4,
. 100,
. 8,
. 10
(1 )
9
) 3 + 1 = 27, :
. 2,
. 3,
. 5,
. 4,
. 9
(1 )
) 10-5.106 = 101000000, :
. 1000
. . 20.000
. 103
. 10-8
(1 )
)
.
....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(23 =6 )
45
. .
1. .2. .
3. .4.
5. 6. ..7.
8. .........................................................................................................
.

1.
) .......................................................................................................................
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( 3)
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( 3)
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( 3)

1
)
)
)
)
)
5 (1 )
46
2
)........................................................................................................................
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6 (3 )
47
5.4. 3
:
-
- x + > 0 x + < 0
.
1. .2.
3. .. 4. .
5. .. 6. .. 7. .
8. .
.
: 1

1. x :
2x - 1
3 - 2x
+ 1 2 3
2
.......................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
2. 12
17. .
.......................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(4 )
48
:
1. x, 2 < x < .
:
2,
( + 1)2
x2, (x - 1) 2,
..
..
..
(3 )
2. , :

x
1<x 3
x (1, 3]
................
x [2, + )
x 8
...................
................
x (- 3, 2)
-1 x 0
................
-5 <5
................
(0.65=3 )
3. () ().
:
x - > 0, x >
)
)
)
)
2 < x < , x > 0

2 < x < , x - 2 > 0
x > 1, x3 > 1
x > 1, x-2 > 1
) 0 < x < ,
1 1
<
x
) 0 < x < 1 > (, ),

x < x
49
) x < 0 < ,
1 1
<
x
) x < 2 > 3, 3x - 2 < 0
(0.258=2 )
4.
, : 1,5 < < 3,5

2,5 5,5.
.
:
()
()
[4, 9]
(4, 9)
(- 4, 1)
(2, 6)
2 1
(10, - 4)
[- 10, - 4]
1 - 2
(1 4 = 4 )
50
6. :
2 , , 1998

,
.

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,
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.
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1. :
500 . ,
12 (m3) 40 ./m3.
m3 12 60 ./m3.
= f (x)
:
) .
) x m3 x 12
) x m3 x > 12
2. f (x) = x + 2, < 0. :
) .
)
.
51
) , 2
.
3. f (x) = x2 - (x - 3) - 2x + 1, R. R

.
4.
f (x) = x3. (1, 0)
(0, 1). ;
5. f(x) , f (x) > 0

x R. N g (x) =
1

f (x)
.
6. f R . [, ]
0 < < .
[- , - ].
7. f R.
g (x) =
1
[f (x) + f ( x)] .
2
8. f (x) = - 3x + 4 = [-1, 2].

f.
9. .
10.
xx .
11.
f (x) = x3 - x g (x) = x2 - 1.
12. 1: x = x0 x0 > 0 2: = 0
0 > 0 xx ,

5 .
1 2;
52
13. .
.
14. f (x) ,
g (x) = f (x) .
15.
(- , ), > 0 .
15. E
,
,
= 1,5 m ,

.
= 10 m
KH = 2 m.
xO :
) .
) .
53

. E -
: .
, , .
.
..: 12
1
1 1 1 1
*
1, , , , , = x / x = ,v N .
v
2 3 4 5
2. f (x)= 1+ 4x
3. .
1.
4. 1 2 = - 3x + 4
= - 3x + 5 .
5. f (x) =
6. f(x)=
x
R.
x +x
2
x 3
, x 3 {-1, 1}.
x 3
7.
8. f R,
f (0) = 0.
54
9. : {0}.
10. f (x) = x 3 + 2 .
11. f(x)= x 2 4x + 7 f (3x) = 9x 2 12x +7.
12. f: A B, A R B R
.
13.
3.
55
14. (, ) (- , - )
.
15. g
.
18. .
19. f (x) = 3x 4 + 5x 2 + 4 .
20. g (x)= 5x 7 + x 3 .
16.
,
.
17. f (x) =
1
, x 0. x
x
+ , f (x) 0.
.
1. .
;
.
.
E.
56
2. = {, , } = {, , } :
. {, , , } . {}
. {, , }
. {}
.{, }
3. = {0, 3, 5}, = {0}, = {3, 5}, = {5, 3} :
.
4. :
.
.
.
.
.
5. () (- 5, 7) (3, 7) :
. 10
12
. 8
. 11
. 14
6. f (x) = 2x 4 3x 2 + , R f( 2 )= 6, f ( 2 )
:
. -1
. 0
. 5
E. 6
7. :
. xx
B. yy
. y = x
. y = - x
E. y = 2
8. x = 5 :
A. 0
. 5
. 1
. 0,5
E.
9. y = 5x + 4.
;
A. y = - 5x + 4
1
B. y = x + 4
5
. y =
5
x+3
4
1
. y = x + 2
5
E. y = 5x + 7
3
:
x
. 0x, 0y, 0x, 0y
. 0x, 0y
. 0x, 0x
. 0x, 0y
10. f (x) =
. 0y, 0y
57
11. f (x) = 2x +1+

. [1, +)
. (1, +)
1
:
x 1
. R
. (-, 1)
58
. (-, 1]
12.
x
-1
-2
-2
:
. y = 2x
B. y = x + 3
. y = x 2 3
. y = x 1 . y = - x - 3
13. f R x 0 = 2
f (2) = 5. f - 2 :
. 4
. -2
. 5
. -1
. 2
14. :
15.
(1/2,1/4) :
. y = x 2
B. y =
1 2
x
2
. y = 2 x 2
1
. y = x 2
3
E. y=1/5 x2
16. (- 5, 2) (5, - 2) :
. xx
. yy
.
. y = - x
. y = x
59
17. 1, 2 y = 1x + 1 y = 2x + 2 ,
:
. 1 = 2
. 1 =
1
2
. 1 2 = - 1
. 1 + 2 = 0
E. 1 + 2 = - 1
18. (2, 1), (- 2, 1), (- 2, -1), (2, - 1) :
. .
.
.
.
19. f (x) = x3 + ( - 1) x2 + x + + 1 :
. = 2, = - 1
. = - 1, = 0
. = 1, = - 1
. = - 2, = 1
. = 0, = 1
20. f (x) =
. 0
E. > 3
x2 + 3
, R R :
x 2 + 4
. = 1
. > 2
60
. = 4
.
1
()
(). .
()
()

[0, +)
[3, +)
[-1, +)
(-, +)
2
()
(). .
()
()

f (x) = x
61
g (x) = 4 x
h (x) = x 3 x
(x) = 4 x 2
3
() ()
()
()
62
4
f f (A) .
.
()
()
63
.
1
x , h (x) = 2x, (x) = 3x, (x) = 5x,
2
t (x) = 7x = [- 3, 3].
1. f (x) = x, g (x) =

.
1 2
1
x , h (x) = 2x 2 , t (x) = 3x2, (x) = x 2 . H
2
4
y = 4
.
2. f (x) = x 2 , g (x) =
.
3. 0xy : (1, 2),
(-2, 2), (3, 4), (- 3, 5), (5, 1). ,

O, , , , .
x+2, x <0
4. f (x) = x1, 0 x < 4

3, x 4
:
f (3),
f (0),
f (-1),
f (5),
f (-2),
1
f ( ),
2
64
f (1).
E.
:
1. .
:
1 1
(-1, 2), ( , ) , (..., 2), (..., 4),
2 2
(3, ...), (-3, 18), ( 2 ,4) ,(1/2,)
2. f (x) = - 3x + 2 R x 1 ,x 2 R
x 1< x 2 3x1-3x2 3x 1 + 2 3x 2 + 2
f (...) > f (...). f R.
3. , f (x).
x + 4, x < 2
f(x) = x, 2 x < 2
x4, x 2
4. f , ... ...
f (...) = - f (...).
5. f x 0 A , : f ( x )...f ( x 0 ), ... . ...
...................... f x 0 .
6.
[-3, 3].
.
7. f (x) = 2x - 1, x R :
) f (- 3) = .....
) f () = .....
) f (3x) = .....
, R
) f ( x 2 ) =.....
65
8. f ( x ) = ( x 3) 2 ( x + 3)
.
.
(..., 0)
(..., 0)
(0, ...)
(-1, ...)
9.
2x, x < 2
f (x) = 4, 2 x <1
3x, x 1
66
:
) f (-3) = .....
) f (-2) = .....
) f (0) = .....
) f (1) = .....
10. :
) f (x) = x + 2
= .....
) g (x) = 2 x
= .....
) h (x) =
3x +1
x2 +2
= .....
) f (x) =
x 2 2x +5
(1 x)(2x +3)
= .....
11. :
x + 2, x < 2
f (x) =
2x 5, x 2
g (x) :
....., x < 3
g (x) = f (x +1)=
.....,x 3
67
7.
7.1
, ,
,
.
:

,
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
( ..) ,
.

( ),
.
7.2 -
- :
- ,
,
.

, ,
, , , , , .,

.
-
,
.

.
-
. .
- .
( ).
.
.
68
.
.
.
.
. ;
: .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
. .
. ; - .
.
.
.
69
- 3

70
71
1. 2y + x = 7.
) (- 1, 4) .
) x = 5 y = ....... (5, y) .
) 2y +
x = 7.
2. 5x + y = 6.
(x = , y = 6 - 5), R .
3. :
) x = 2
) y = - 2
) y = 4
) x = y
4. , x + y = , 0 0 .
x + ( + 1) y = 10 ;
.
5. 8x + 2y = 7 (1)
) (1).
) (1).
6. : 3x - 4y = 5.
) 2 .
) 1 .
7.
= 5t
, t
5 (m/sec2) .
72
) = 5t;
.
) 4 sec ;
) 4 sec :
i) ;
ii) .
8. x, y, : x = 2 - 3 y = 5 + 2.
) x y.
) , (x, y)
;
) .
: (. 9-17)
, ,
.
9. :
) x = 2
2x - 3y + 7 = 0
) - 3x - 7y + 13 = 0
y=2
) i) x + y = 12
x-y=4
ii) x + y = 2,3
x - y = 2,7
) i) y + 2 = 5
ii) x - y = 0
3x - y = 9
) i)
x
y
+
=0
2 3
2x + 3y = 15
ii) 2x + 3y = 0
73
x
y
+
=0
3 7
) i) 3x + 2y = 5
7x + 5y = 12
) i) y = 2x + 5
2x - 5y = 0
ii) 4x + 9y = - 13
6x + 3y = - 9
ii) y = 3x + 5
y = - 2x + 1
) i)
x
=6
y
y = 2x
ii)
x
=5
6
x
= 16
y
x + y = 51
10. :
[ (i) (ii) )
,
].
) i) x = 3y - 2
ii) 4x - 5y = 13
3x - 5y = 13
) i) x + 5y = 18
y=
1
x + 3,4
2
ii) 4x - 7y = 24
2x + 7y = 13
3x - y = - 5
11. :
[ .. (i) x .
,
].
) i) 3x - 4y = 17
- 3x + 8y = 37
ii) 5x - 7y - 47 = 0
2x + 7y - 16 = 0
) i) 2x - 6y = 35
ii) 0,5x + 0,2y = 16
- 4x + 3y = 11
1,5x + 0,5y = 23
12. :
) i) 5x - y = 13
ii) 7x - 4y = 102
- 2x + 3y = 28
5x + 4y = 42
) i) 7x - 4y = 23,7
3x + 5y = 30,3
) i)
x y
+
=5
4 5
ii) 5,5x - 12y = 44,65

11,5x + 7,5y = 18,4
ii)
3x 5x
=0
4
3
74
3x 2y
+
= 22
2
3
x
y
1
=
10 15 6
) i) 4x 3 - 5y 2 = 8
ii)
x
y
+
=2
3
2
x
y
+
=5
5
2
x 3 -y 2=1
2
x+7
3
5
x - 12
y=
2
) i) y = 3x - 13
ii) y =
y = 5x - 15
13. , x + y =
:
) 3 (x - 4) + 2 (y + 2) = - 9
(x - 5) - 4 (y - 3) = 26
x -3
y - 0,5
=
14
5
3 (x - 3) - 8 (y - 0,5) = 1
1
1
1
(5x - 1) + 0,1 (4y - 5x) =
(3y - 8x) - (0,29)
6
4
3
1
1
1
(y - 1) +
(3 - 2y) (x - 8) = 1,38
2
5
11
2x
y
3y
1
-4+
+x=8+
3
2
4
12
y x
1
+2=
- 2x + 6
6 2
6
) y =
x
4
0,2 (2x + 7y) - 1 =
2
(2x - 6y + 1)
3
14. : 5x + 8y = 91
8x + 5y = 52
. .
[
x y .
].
.
15. :
4x - 5y = 27
75
- 3x + 4y = - 27
( ).
16. :
)
x 8
=
y 5
2x + 3y = - 9,3
x y
=
7 5
x + y = 24
x
y
=
8
3
x - y = 20
17. :
) x + y =
5
2
) - 2x + y = 1
x-y=1
x + 2y = 0
) 2x + y = 3
) 10x - 5y = 1
4x + 2y = 6
) 2x - 1 +
2x - y =
1
(3y - 2) + y = 2) 2 + - 7 = 0
3
x-1+y=0
)
1
4
3 - 5 = 4
+ 8 - 5
21
+
=2
12
4
=-9
2 +
7
) 2 ( - 3 + 1) = 4 - - 205
3
5
3
- ( + 1) = - - 13
4
6
5
x -1
y +1
+
=2
y
+3
x-2
-6
=5
-1
-3 3
=
+1 2
2x - y = 7
18. x + y - 9 = 0
(1,1) (- 1, 5) .
19.
(0, 0), (
1
).
2 3
1
20. 1, 2
. 1, 2.
21. :
1: 2x + 3y = 7
76
2: - x + y = 4
3: - 2x + 2y = 5
22. f (x) = 2x - .3x + .

, f (0) = 0 f (1) =
11
.
2
23. : x - 3y + 1 + 2x + y - 5 = 0
24. , 1 2
:
2: x + 3y = 1
1: ( - 1) x - y = 2
x + y = 0
- x + y = 2
25. :
2: x + ( + 2) y = 2 + 1
1: ( + 1) x - y = 1
x+ y=-1
x - ( - 1) y = 3
, .
26. :
2x - 3y = 11 -
x + 5y - = 7,
R
) .
) x y.
) (x, y) () : x + y =
11
13
27. 1 2 x - y = - 1 x - y = - 1 , R.
) R.
) .
) (),
xx.
28. x y :
x = 2t, y = 3t - 1, t R.
) t R ;
) ;
77
29. :
(2 - 3) x + y = + 4
5x - 3y = 3 + 2, R
(10,t) t R*
30.
2x - y = - z
x + y = 3z + 2
x, y, z z
3.
31. :
x = 7 2
,R
1:
y = 3 +
x = 5 + 4
2:
,R
y = 7 + 3
(x0, y0).
.
32. x + 2y = 5
3x + y = 5
2x - y =
i)
.
ii) 0 .
33. x y
x - 2y + 1 + (x - y) = 0
34. :
x + y = 3
x + 4y = 6
.
35. x, y :
Dx + Dy = D
Dx - Dy = 3D
, .
36. x, y :
D 2x + D2y = 2DxDy D 0
x + y = 6, x, y.
37. x, y :
D2 + D 2 + D2 = 4D + 2Dx - 5
x
) : (D - 2)2 + (Dx - 1)2 + D2y = 0.

) x, y.
38. 5.000 . .
;
) .
) 3.000 . ;
....................
78
) 4.000 . ;
................
) (1500, 3500) ;
) .
) x . ;
- ........
y = .......
) ;
)
, , .
39. 5 .
;
) .
) .
) x y
.
) x;
) y;
40. 4200 . .
;
) x y .
) ; .
) (x)
(y); , ;
, ;
) ; ,
; , ;
41. ,
. :
-
. , 10.000
. 50 . ,
.
;

, x y
.

79
50000 + 50x = y
(1)
.
.
!
5.000 . .
- .
.
- ( ). , 9.000
. 60 . .
- :
40000 + 60x = y
(2)
.
:
) (1);
) .
) (1).
) (2);
) (2);
) (2).
) :
.
) .
: , , 1 cm 200 km
1 cm 20000 .
42. 35 .
) ;
, ; , ;
) :
5 , ;
43. : .
40 m3 60 m3
. m3
:
m3
m3
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,20

;
80
: x y .
.
44.
:
-;
: 60 km/h 13.00.
80 km/h 11.00. ; ( s = .t).
81
46. 1.350.000 . .
10% 8%.
130.500
.
,
. .

50 km/h
75 km/h.

16 min 14
min.
) :
t1 - , t2 -
t3 - , t4 - .
)
: t = s/.
47.
.
40 m.
500
m2.
;
48. ,
. : ;
: 2.400 . 4 6 .
: 1050 . 3 2 .
: 1.200 . 2 3 .
)
; .
)
; .
: .
49. 50 , .
164 , ;
82
50. 9 ,
1

. 9
8
1
,
2
.
.
83
51. ,
,
:
, 26 ,
20 .
1
1

,
3
4
.
;
52. 100 .
3 2

. ;
53. , , ,
7, 6 5. , ,
6, 5 4.
) ; ;
) 6.000 .
.
;
54. 120
30 ( > ). .
84
55. ) .
, ;
) .
;
56.
, .
1 2 40 , 2 3 50 1 3
30 . ;
57. :
) 24.
) 9

) 90
.
: : 100 + 10 + ,
.
58. (325-409 ..)

. Luca Pacioli (15 .), Tartaglia Vite (16 .)
uler (18 .). Logistique de Buteon (1559 ..)
:
.
,
1

3
1
.
4
136.
59. ,
(- 2, 1) (10, 10) (- 5, 5) (10, - 2).
.
60.
36 cm
x, y, z 4, 2, 3
.
.
85
61. 1 9
,
, .
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
x9
i) = 15
ii) x5 5.
86

-
1. y = 5 yy.
2. x = - 2 xx.
3. x = y = .
4. x = y = x, 0 .
5. (2, 2) x = 2
9. x + ( + 1) y = .
10. y = x
6.
x + y = 0
x + y = 0
(0, 0).
7.
0x + 0y = 0
0x + 0y = 5
.
8.
3x - y =
x + 3y =
11.
, .
12. 2x + 3y = 5 4x + 6y = 10 .
13. D = Dx = Dy = 0, .
14. (D - 1)2 + (2D - 2)2 = 0,
.
15. D2 + (Dx - 1)2 = 0, .
87
16. D + 5 - Dy =0 , .
17.
.
18.
,
.
19.
.
20. . 0 D
x + y =
x + y =
,
21. 12 - 21 = 0,
1x + 1y = 0
2x + 2y = 0
.
22. 12 - 21 = 0,
1x + 1y = 0
2x + 2y = 8
.
23.
x+y=0
x + y = 0

24. 2x + y = 3
x-y=1
.
2x + y = 3
x-y+z=1+z
25. x + y2 = 1
x - y2 = 3
.
26. ,
88
A=
1998 1999
2000
27.
x + 0y = 7
2x - 2y = 0
(x, y) = (7, 0).

28.
x - y = y - z = z - x = 1 .
29.
1997x + y = 1998
- x + 1999y = 2000
.
30.
x + y = 0
x + y = 0
, = - .

31. :
) ,
) , ) .
1
0x + y = 0
x + 0y = 0
0x + 0y = 5
0x + 2y = 3
0x + y = 7
0x + y = 2
0x + 0y = 0
0x + 5y = 0
x + 0y = 3
0x + y = - 3
0x + 0y = 0
0x + 0y = 12
32. D, Dx, Dy
x + y =
, , , 1, 1 R
4x + 1y = 1,
().
() :
89
) , ) ,
) .
()
()
1. D - 3 = 0
2. D + Dx + Dy = 0
3. D = 0 Dx + Dy 0
4. D - 2 = 0
5. D2 + (Dy + 1)2 = 0
33. y - x = 1 x + y = 1 :
(0, - 1)
(- 1, 0)
(0, 1)
(0, 0)
(1, 0)
34. - 2x = 6 xx :
(0, 3)
(3, 0)
(0, - 3) (- 3, 0)
(- 3, 3)
35. x = 3 y = - 2 :
(3, 0)
(0, - 2)
(3, - 2) (- 2, 3) (- 3, 2)
36.
- 3x + 2y =
, R*
6x - 4y =
, :
. 0
. 1
. 2
. - 2
. - 1
90
37.
2x + y = 0
6x + 9y = 3
, :
. 3
. - 3
. 0
. 2
38.
x + 3y = - 9
2x - y = 3
x, y, :
. - 2
. 3
. - 9
. 6
. 0
39. y = 3 y = 2x + (- 1, 3), :
. 1
. 1
. 5
. 5
. 3
40. x + ( + 1) y = , :
. 1
. = 1
. = 0
.
. 0
41. Dx + Dy = D, D 0 x = y, :
. (1, 1)
. (, )
. (- 1, - 1)
. (0, 0)
. (- 2, - 2)
42. D 0 D = Dx, D = 2Dy, :
. (1, 1) . (1, ) . (- 1, ) . (1, - )
. (- 1, - 1)
91
43. D 2 + D - 5 = 0 :
x
. (5, 0)
. (- 5, 0)
.
.
.
44. y = 2.
(3, 0) (0, 0). :
. (0, 0)
. xx
. yy
.
. (0, 2)
45. 1, 2 D
D3 - 8 = 0 :
.
46.
2x + y = 1
x + y = 2,
,
x + y =1
2x + y = 2 :
.
. (1, 1)
. (0, 1)
92
47.
. x < -2
x
2
1
> 0 :
1
. x < 0
. x > 2
. x < 2
48.
1x + 1y = 0
2x + 2y = 7
12 - 12 = 0, :
. (0, 0)
.
.
. (0, 0)
. .
49. x - y = 0
x + y = 0
:
. (x, y) = (
1
, 0)
B. (x, y) = (0, 0)
.
.
. .
50. x + y + 3 - 6 = 0 y = - x:
. 2
. - 2
. 0
. 1
. 1
51. x + y = x = y :
. 2x + 2y = 2
. x - y = 0
. x - = y -
. x =
. - y = 2x
52.
;
. (x + y = 3) (2x - y = 7)
B. x = 3y 2x - y = 9
. (x + y + 1) (x - 2y) = 0
. (x + 2y = 8) (x - y = 12)
.
2x - y + 1 5
=
x+y
2
53. x - 1 + x + y - 3 :
. x = 1 y = 1
B. x = -1 y = 1
. x = 0 y = 0
93
. x = 0 y = 1
. x = 1 y = 2
54.
x = - 2, y = + 1, R :
. y - 2x = 5
. x - y = - 3
. x - y = 2
. x - y = 1
. 2x + y = 7
55. (1, 2).

(1, 2) :
. 2 . 4
. 6
. 24
. 8
56.
3x + y = 6
x+y=
, :
. (- 1, 0)
. (2, 4)
. (3, 2)
. (1, 3)
. (0, 1)
57. T (x, y) :
(x + y - 2) (2x + y) = 0 (3x - y) (x - 4y - 1) = 0 :
. 1 . 2
. 3
. 4
.
94
58. x, y R ().
().
()
()
x, y R
1. 12 5
x - y = 12
3y = x
2. 12 x
y
x+y=6
xy = 8
3. 12
xy = 6
x-y=8
8
4.
xoy
3
x + y = 12
x = 5y
x+y=0
x+3=-y
x-y=0
x+y=3
95
59. ()
().
()
()
y=x
y = - 3x + 2
y=-x
y = - 3x + 2
y=3
y=
3
x
4
y=3
y=
96
- 4
-
97
98
1. :
1
1
1
( x + )( x ) = 2 x
3
3
9
2. (2x - 3) + 3 = 22x 2, .
3. ) x, y , > 0
= 0 x = 0 y = 0
x+y
) : , , , , , > 0
x + = 0, 0, +
, -
x2 +
4. + + = 0 x2 + x + = 0
1.
5. p x2 + x + = 0
p 2 p + .
6. 3x2 + 2 ( + + ) x + ( + + ) = 0 ,
= = .
7. : (2 - ) x2 - 4x + 4 = 0 , (2
+ 2) x2 - 2x + 3 ( - ) = 0 .
8. 2x2 + 2x - + 3 = 0. :
)
)
) .
9. 1, 2 (1 2) x2 + x + = 0, 0
:
i) , ii) 2 2
1
99
10.
.
11. 1, 2 x2 - x + = 0, :
2 4
, 0
, < 0
12.
x2 + x - 6 = 0.
13. (x - 1)2 - (2x - 3) = 0 p1 p2.
(x1 -
3
3
) (x2 - ) .
2
2
14. x1, x2 x2 + x + = 0
:
1
1
x1,
,
x1 + x 2 +
x2.
15. 1, 2 x2 + x + = 0 x1, x2 x2 + x +
= 0 : x11 + x22 , x12 +
2x1.
16 . x2 + x + = 0, 0 0. :
) = 0
) = .
17. (2 - 2) x2 + = 0 ,
0 < < ; , ; , ;
18. (2 - 3 + 2) x2 + ( - 2) x + 3 = 0.
:
)
)
19. R
100
3x2 - 2x + 3 ( - 7) = 0
i) ,
ii) ,
iii)
20. : (x - 2) (3x - 1) = 3x2 + x + 2
101
21. x2 - (5 - 6) x - 1 = 0
x2 + 13x - + 2 = 0 0 :
)
) .
22. s =
5 2
t s
2
(m/sec2)
, t
s =
5
2
t2; .
23. f (x) = x2 - 2 ( + 1) x + .
, 1 x= 1.
24. , R
f (x) = 3x2 + 8x - 24x + 5 - 10
.
, f.
25. T .
.
26. :
(x +1)2 + x +1 2 =0
27. :
x4 - ( + 1) x2 + = 0
28. x - 1 + 6 = 9 + 2, , 0.

1.
102
29. : x 2 x + x 2 11x + 10 =0
30. : x -
x = 20.
31. : (1 - x )2 = 4
32. :
2 x 3
= +
x 2 2
33. :
) x4 - 32x2 - 42 = 0
) 4x4 + (22 - 22) x2 - 22 = 0
103
34. :
x2 + y2 = 5
x+y =3
35. ,
2 + 2 = 16 + = 6.
36. x2 + y2 = 9 3.
, , x - y = 0.
37. R y = x + 3
x2 + y2 = 4;
38. , R 2 + + = 0
.
39. y = 3x + 3
y =
6
.
x
40. y = 3x + , R y =
6
x
.
41. y =

y=-x+
4
x
(1)
(2) R
=-x+
(3)
) R (3).
) (1) (2);
) .
4
x
42.
. .
43. 25 cm2.
;
44. 10.
) ;
) ;
104
45. 4 cm
.
88 cm2.
46. : =
( - 3)
. 104 , ;
2
47. :
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ....... + =
( + 1)
2
, = 300.
48. 300 cm2.
5 cm , .
49. 64.
) ;
) ;
50. 7x - 5 3, 28x2 - 13x
- 5 3.
51. p q
x2 + px + q = 0 p, q R 2 3.
52. x2 + x + = 0
(1)
) (1)
) = - 2, (1)
)
(1).
53. , , , x
: x2 - 2x + ( + )2 > 0.
54.
. x x ( )
10 . 2
10 . x
y .
55. , , 6
. 5 ,
105
, .
.
56. ) f

.
)
1

2,75 m xx 1,
yy.
57. :
120 km/h
113
m
.
:
)
)
.
: = 0 + t s = 0t +
1
2
t2.
58. x2 - ( + 5) x + - 4 = 0.
.
59. :
) (x - 1) (x2 - 3x + 2) (x2 + x + 1) < 0
) (x2 - 7x + 12) (x2 - 5x + 6) (x2 + 2x + 6) 0
) x2 (3 - x2) < 0
) (1 - 2x2) (- x + 7) 0
) (x - ) (x - ) (x - ) > 0 < <
) (3x3 - x2) (x2 - x + 1) < 0
) 3x3 - 5x2 + 2x 0
)
)
x 2 - 7x + 12
x 2 - 17x + 60
- x 2 + 5x + 6
x2 + x - 6
x +1
)
>2
7-x
>0
>0
106
60. :
x -1
2
>1+
x +1
1- x
(x - 1) (x - 2)
)
>1
(x - 3) (x - 4)
)
3
3
x -1
>
x +1 x - 4 2
61. x :
) 3x + 7 > 0
) x2 - 6x + 5 > 0
62. x :
) 2x + 5 > 0
) x - 2 < 0
) (x + 4) (x - 6) < 0
63. x :
)
3x + 5
<0
3x - 7
12x 2 + 13x - 14
<0
x-2
64. x :
-2<
2x - 1
2
x - 3x + 2
<1
65. x x2 - 14x + 50 5
26;
66. : x > 4x
67. : f (x) =
x 2 + 8x + 9 24
68. :
1
x2 - x + 1
<
< 3 x.
3 x2 + x + 1
107
69. :

y = x2
y=x

x2 + y2 = 9

y = x3
108

( )
y=x
y = x2
x2 + y2 = 9
y = x3
) :
H x + y = ........ x, ........ y
..............
H y = x2 ........ x, ........ y
.....................
H x2 + y2 = 9 ........ x, ........ y
...............
H y = x3 ........ x, ........ y
......................
)
y = x, 1,
y = x2 2, x2 + y2 = 9 3
:
y = x ........................
y = x2 .........................
x2 + y2 = 9 .....................
*
) i) y = x3 ;
ii) H y = x3 ;
.
)
x2 + y2 = 2 x + y = 5
;
.
109

1. :

x, y 2
2
x (x + 2) = 2
...........................
20 cm
21
...........................
...........................
...........................

8000.

12 .

.

96,
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
4 .
2. :
x2 + x + = 0, 0 :
, ..............
, .................
, .............
3. x2 + = 0 .
110
4. , ,
x2 + x + = 0
5. x2 + x + = 0, 0
, .
7. 2 3
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
8. x2 - x + 1 = 0, R*
, .
9. x2 + x + = 0, 0
, = 0.
6. x2 + x - = 0
> 0 > 0.
10. p1, p2 x2 + x + = 0, 0
- 1, - 2 x2 - x + = 0
11. 1, 2 (1 . 2 0) x2 + x + = 0, 0
1 1
,
x2 + x + = 0, 0.
1 2
12. ,
+ = 1 . = 3.
13. x2 + x + = 0
, .
14. x2 + x + = 0, < 0
, .
15. x2 + x + = 0, 0
, .
16. 1, 2 x2 + x + = 0, 0
12 + 22

= .

111
17. 1, 2 x2 + x + = 0,
0 ,
1
x2 + x + = 0.
>0
<0
>0
<0
f [- 1, + )
f - 1
f [1, 4]
x = 3
(-, 3]
18. x2 - x - 2 = 0
, R*.
19.
f (x) = x2 + x + = 0, 0.
112
20. f (x) = x2
+ x + = 0,
:
i)
ii)
iii)
>0
=2
<0
<0
>0
>0
iii)
>0
=0
-
> 0
>0
113
21. f (x) = x2 + x + = 0, 0
f (1) < 0. .
22. f (x) = x2 + x + = 0, 0
f (2) > 0, 1 < 2 < 2
(1, 2 ).
23. f (x) = - x2 + 2x + 3, :
f (- 1997) < 0
f (4.105) > 0
f (2) > 0
f(
1
) <0
2000
f () > 0

24. x2 - 4x + = 0 2, :
. 1
. 1
. 4
. - 4
. 0
25. x2 - 2x - = 0 2 , :
. < - 1
. - 1
. < 0
. > - 1
.
26. x2 - x + 2 = 0 x
0 :
.
.
.
.
.
27. , x2 + x + = 0, 0 :
.
.
.
.
.
28. x2 + 2x - 2 = 0
. 0, :
.
.
.
.
29. x2 + x + 4 = 0 , :
. < - 4
. < 0
. = 0
.
114
. < - 2
30.
x2 - 4x - 2 = 0
0 :
.
.
.
.
115
31. x1, x2 x2 + 5x - 7 = 0, - x1, - x2

:
. x2 - 5x - 7 = 0
. x2 + 5x - 7 = 0
. x2 - 5x
. x2 + 5x + 7 = 0
+7=0
. x2 + 7x - 5 = 0
32. 5x2 + (3 - ) x - 1 = 0
:
.
. = - 3
. = 0
. = 9
. = 3
33. x2 - 3x + 2 = 0, 0 :
. 0
.
. = 1 = - 1
. = 9 = - 9
. = 5 = - 5
34. + = 5 = 6 , :
. x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
. x2 - 5x - 6 = 0
. x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
. x2 + 6x - 5 = 0
. x2 - 6x + 5 = 0
35.
, + = 1
= 6 :
.
.
. x2 - x + 6 = 0
. x2 + x - 6 = 0
. x2 - x - 6 = 0
; .
36. x1, x2 x2 - 5x + 3 = 0 x 2 + x 2 :
1
. 25
37.
. 9
. 19
. 15
. 29
x1, x2 x2 + 7x + 2 = 0
x1 + x2 0 :
. 7
. 7
. 7
. - 7
. 72
38. x1 x 2 x2 - 6x - 27 = 0, x1 :
1
. 9
. 27
. 3
. 3
. - 9
39. x2 - x - 3 = 0, R* :
.
.
116
.
40. x4 + 3x2 + = 0, > 0, :
.
.
.
.
41. x2 + y2 = 8 y = x :
. yy
.
. xx
.
. xx
42. f (x) = x2 - 5x - 2, 0 xx:
.
. (0, 0)
.
.
. (0, 0)
43. f (x) = x2 - 2x + 1, 0
xx, :
. - 1
. 1
. - 2
. 2
. 4
44.
:
. (x) = x2 - 6x + 9
. g (x) = x2 - 6x - 9
. f (x) = x2 - 2x 1
. h (x) = x2 - 2x + 1
. k (x) = x2 + 4x + 4
45.

f (x) = x2. H

:
. g (x) = x2 + 2
. g (x) = (x - 2)2
. g (x) = x2 - 4
. g (x) = x2 - 2
. g (x) = (x + 2)2
46.

f (x) = 2x2.

:
. g (x) = 2 (x - 3)2
. g (x) = 2 (x + 3)2
117
. g (x) = (2x + 3)2

. g (x) = 2x2 + 3
. g (x) = (2x - 3)2
47.

f (x) = 2x2.

:
. g (x) = 2x2 + 1
. g (x) = 2x2 + 3
. g (x) = 2 (x - 3)2 + 1 . g (x) = 2 (x + 3)2 - 1
. g (x) = (2x - 3)2 + 1
48.
( R):
. f (x) = x2 - x + 5
. g (x) = x2 - x - 5
. h (x) = x2 - x + 2
. (x) = x2 - 5x + 2
. t (x) = x2 - x + 52
49.
f (x) = x2 - 3x - , xx (
0):
.
. x
. x
.
.
50. - 1 3 f (x) = x2 - x +
;
. f (5) < 0
. f (- 5) 0
. f (
2
)<0
3
. f (100) 0
. f (- 100) < 0
51. 1, 2 (1 < 2)
f (1) < 0, 1 :
. (- , 1)
. (1, 2)
. [1, 2]
118
f (x) = x2 + x +
. [2, + )
. (2, + )
52.
H
f (x) = x2 +
x + .
:
. < 0
. = 0
. f [0, + )
. x2 + x + = 0
. x2 + x + = 0
53.
f (x) = x2 + x
+ .
;
. = 0
. < 0
. > 0
. f [1, + )
. f yy
119
54.

f (x) = x2 +
x + .
;
. < 0
. > 0
. < 0
. [- 1, + )
. (- 1, + )
55. f (x) = x2 + x + , 0 : . < 0.

f;
56. , , > 0. x2 + x + = 0 2
, ;
2
< 4
. 2 - 4 = 0
. > 0
. 2 < 4
. < 0
57. f (x) = x2 + x + , 0
yy. x2 + x + = 0 > 0,
1, 2 ;
. 1 + 2 = 0
. 1 + 2 < 0
. 1 + 2 > 0
. 1.2 > 0
. 1.2 = 0
58. : x2 + x - 4 = 0 R:
120
.
.
.
.
.
59. f (x) = x2 + x + < 0 f (x) :
. f (x) = x
2
. f (x) = x +
. f (x) = x +

. f (x) = x +
4 2

2
. f (x) = (x +
) +
2
4 2
60. f (x) = x2 > 0, g (x) = -
.
.
121
1 2
x :

61. () ().
:
()
< 0 < 0
< 0 > 0
()
x + x + > 0
2
x
x

> 0 0
x

x
x

x
122
62. () ().
.
()
<0
>0
> 0,
> 0
()
x2 + x + = 0

=0
<0
123
124
125
126

.
,
,

.
:

.*
,

, ,
.

. :

i)
ii) .
:

,

,
.
(The Psychology of Learning Mathematics - Skemp R. . 26).
127

3 4
:

3 -
4 - -
( - 1998)
.
.
128
1. ) x + 5y = 7.
; .
. (- 1, 1)
. (8, -
1
)
5
1
5
. (1, 1)
. (- , 1)
. (- 8, -
1
)
5
) :
2. 2x - 3y = 7.
) y
x.
) x
y.
) 2x - 3y
=7
- xx
- yy
3. y = - 1. .
.
4. x = 4. .
.
5. : 2x + 2y = 16 x + y = 8 .
;
6. x + y = 12 (1)
) (1) xx
3.
) (1) yy - 2.
) , ,
.
) x + y
= 4.
7. 2x - y = 1 :
; .
. (, 2)
. (, -
)
2
. (, 2 - 1)
129
. (, + 1)
. (2, - )
1.
x + 3y = 0
2x - 5y = 0
(0, 0).
2. :
5x + 2y = 7
2x + 3y = 5
3. :
x = 2y - 8
x + 4y = 9
4. :
x
y
+
=5
4 5
3x 2y
+
= 22
2
3
5. :
3 (x - 4) + 2 (y + 2) = - 9
(x - 5) - 4 (y - 3) = 26
6.
x - y = -
4x - y = +
(5, 23).
130
7. x + y = 3, 3x - 2y = - 1 x + 2y = 13
.
131
) :
- (x, y) ..
- (x, y) ..
- (x, y)
) (1, 2) x + y = 3
.
) .
1. :
.
2
-1
3
= ..................
4
0
-1
1
= ..................

= 2 + .................
- ...
= ..................
2. 0
. =
= 0 :
. =
3. : x + y = + 1
x+y=1
) D, Dx, Dy.
) - = 3 x, y .

1.
2x - 3y = 7
2x - 3y = - 10
; .
132
2.
12x + 90y = 10
6x + 45y = 5
; .
3.
. ;
4. :
(2 + 1) x = 5
x-y=3
5. :
(1 - ) y = 3
x + 4y = - 1
6. :
x - y = -
4x - y = - 3
:
)
) .
7. : 2x + 5y = 0
3x + 4y = 0
) D.
) . ;
) ; .
8. :
) ,
) ,
) .
.
B.
0x + 0y = 0
0x + y = 0
....................................................................
0x + 0y = 1
0x + 5y = 7
....................................................................
0x + 0y = 9
0x + 0y = 0
....................................................................
x + 0y = 5
0x + y = 1
....................................................................
133
134
9. ()
().
()

()
x + 3y = 10
2x - y = 2
=3
=-6
x + 3y = - 1
2x + 6y = 4
=0
=-3
3
= 15
-
=2
x + ( - 3) y = 4
.
=1
10. - 3x + 2y = 0
6x - 4y =
:
.
. 1
. - 2
. 3
.
. 0
11. 3x + y = 6
x+y=8
:
. - 3
. 1
. 0
. 3
. - 1
12. :
D 0 2D = Dx x :
. - 2
13.
. - 1
. 0
. 1
. 2
x + 3y = - 9
x-y=3
(x, y) :
. 3
. 0
. 1
. 2
14. :
135
. - 3
2x + 3y = 8
...................
x + 2y = 8
...................
(2, 3).
x + 2y = 5
...................
2x - y = 10
2x - y = 13
..................
2x + y = 12
...................
2x + 5y = 7
...................

:
1. x + y + z = 0
x + 2y + 3z = - 5
x + 4y + 9z = - 18
2. x + y + z = 4
2x - y + z = 8
x - 3y - 2z = 1
3. 2 + + = 5
4. x + 4y + z = 7
+ 2 + = 2
+ + 2 = 1
x + 4y - z = 13
2x - y + 2z = 5
5. + = 10
+ = 25
+ = 15
6.
x
y
=
=
2 4
5
3x + y - = 15
136
4
x2 + x + = 0 0

1. x y:
) x2 - 4x = 0
) 3x2 = 4x
) 2x2 + x - 15 = 0
) 5x2 - 18x - 8 = 0
) x2 - 6x + 7 = 0
) y2 - y + 1 = 0
) y2 - ( + 3) y + 33 = 0
) - 2 x2 + 5x + 1 = 0
) x2 + 4x - 212 = 0
) 4x2 - 4x - 352 = 0
) 8y2 = 10y + 32
2. x y :
) 2y2 + 3xy - 7y = 2x2 - 11x + 15
) 6y2 - 4y - 3xy = 9x2 + 9x + 2
3. :
x+2
3x - 2
- (x - 2)2 =
2
2
4. x2 + x + = 0,
:
= 2 - 4
= 2
= 2 - 4
= 2 - 4
=0
5. ()
(). ()
().
()
x2 - = 0
()
- 2
4
x - x = 0
9 + 4
x2 - 3x - = 0
137
2 + 12
- x2 + x + 3 = 0
2 - 12
x2 + x + = 0 0
1. ;
B. x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
. x2 - x + 5 = 0
. x2 - 2x + 7 = 0
. x2 - x - 2 = 0. x2 - 6x + 9 = 0
2.
:
) - x2 + 4x + 6 = 0
) 3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
) 2x2 = 4x - 2 3 = 0
) x2 - 4x + 4 = 0
) x2 - 6mx + 9m = 0
) 2x2 - 3x + 8 = 0
) x2 - (m - 3) x + m - 4 = 0
) m2x2 = m2 - 5x
) (m - 3) x2 - 2mx + m + 2 = 0
3. x2 + (m - 1) x - 1 = 0 m. ;
4. x2 + 5x + 10 = 0:
) ;
) ;
) .
5. x2 + x + = 0 ,
.
6. x2 - 2 ( - 1) x + 9 = 0 , :
. 2
. - 2
. 4
. - 4
. 3
7. ( + 1) x2 + x - 1 = 0 :
. 2
. - 2
. 1
. - 1
. 0
8. x2 - x + = 0, 0 ,
;
138
. x2 - x - = 0
. x2 - x + 1 = 0
. - x2 + x + = 0
. x2 + x - 1 = 0
. x2 - x - 1 = 0
9. x2 + x - = 0, 0 ,
.
...............................................
) x2 - x - = 0
2
...............................................
) x + x - 1 = 0
2
) - x - x + = 0
...............................................
2
...............................................
) x - x - 1 = 0
2
) - x - x + 1 = 0
...............................................
10. x2 + 12x + = 0 , :
. 24
. - 24
. 36
. - 36
. 48
11. > 0:
. x2 + 1 = 0
B. x (x - 2) = 0
. x 2 - 1 + 3 = 0
. x2 + (x - 1) 2 = - 5
E. x2 + (x - 1)2 = 0

x2 + x + = 0 0
1. x2 + 2x - 8 = 0 :
1,
1,
2,
-2
,
.
: .
:
) x2 + 7x - 8 = 0
) 2x2 + 3x - 5 = 0
) - x2 + x + 2 = 0
) x2 + 3x + 4 = 0
139
2. .
.
) x2 - 3x + 14 = 0
) - x2 + 4x + 6 = 0
) 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
) 2x2 - 4x - 2 3 = 0
) x2 + x (1 + 2 2 ) + 2 2 = 0
x2 + x + - 1 = 0 x1, x2. :
x1x2 + 3 (x1 + x2) + 5 = 0
3.
x2 - x - 2 - 5 = 0 x1, x2.
: (x1 - 2) (x2 - 2) = - 4
4.
x2 + 2x + 2 - 4 - 5 = 0. :
5.
1
1
1
+
=
x1
x2
4
6. ) x2 + x - 1 = 0 ,
.
) , :
i) x1 + x2
ii) x1x2
iii) x 2 + x 2
1
iv) x1 x 2 + x2 x 2
2
7. x2 - 20 ( + 3) x + 2 + 6 - 5 1, 2.
1 - 2 .
8. , x2 - 4x - 35 = 0 1;
9. 2x2 + (x - 6) = 0
1
- ;
2
10. 6x2 + 7x + = 0 ;
11. 1, 2 2x2 - 5x - 7 = 0,
;
140
5
2
. 1 + 2 = . 12 = -
. 12 =
7
5
7
5
. 1 + 2 =
5
2
. 12 =
7
2
12. 1, 2 x2 + x + = 0, 0, x2 + x + 1 =
0 :
. 1, - 2
. 1,
. - 1, 2
1
2
1 1
,
1 2
1
, 2
1
13. 1, 2 x2 + ( + ) x + - 2 = 0 y2
- (1 + 2) y + 12 + 2
.
9x2 + 6x + = 0
14. :
1, 2.
1 - 2 = 2,
) 1 2
) .
16. :
) x1 = 4, x2 = 3
x2 =
) x1 = 2,
) x1 = 2 + 3, x2 = 3 - 2
) x1 = 5 +
2 , x2 = 5 -
1+ 3
1- 3
, x2 =
2
2
) x1 = , x2 =
0
) x1 =
) x1 =
2 + 1
,
x2 =
3 + 1
x2 + x + = 0

1, 2, .
16. 1, 2
17. ,
;
. - 4x2 - x + 4 = 0
. x2 + x - 1 = 0
. 4x2 + x - 4 = 0
. x2 - x + 1 = 0
141
. - x2 - x + 1 = 0
142

f (x) = x2 + x + , 0
1. :
. f (x) = x2 - 2x + 6
. f (x) = 3x2 - 3x + 4
. f (x) = - 4x2 + 8x - 5
. f (x) = x2 + 2x + 6
. f (x) = - x2 + 2x + 6
2. y = x2 + x + .
) , .
) y = x2 + x + ;
)
;
) .
) x y 7;
3.
y = x2
, :
x < - 5
x2 .......
x >
1 < x <
x2 .......
5 ...... x2 .......
- 2 < x < 0 ..... x2 .......

- 2 < x < 3 ..... x2 .......
x2 < 4 ...... x .......
x2 > 1 ..... x x.......
x > - 1 x2 > 1;
.
143
1. :
) x4 - 6x2 + 8 = 0
) x4 - 3x2 - 4 = 0
) x4 - 2x2 - 15 = 0
) 6y4 + 17y2 = - 12
) x4 - 2 (2 + 2) x2 + (2 - 2) 2 = 0
2. 3 2 .
3. :
) x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 0
) x - 1 2 - 4 = 3 x - 1
4. :
x2 + y2 = 113
xy = 56
x-y=1
144
5. :
) y = 2x2
- 2x + y = 4
x y
+ =1
2 3
x2 + y2 = 52
5
2
x y 35
=
y x 6
) x + y =
x2 + x + , 0
1. :
2x2 + 3x + 1
- x2 + 6x - 1
2x2 - 4x + 1
x2 - (2 +
5)x+2 5
1 2
x - 2x + 1
3
) .
) .
) .
2. ) x2 + 2x + 2 + 5 + 10 = 0
1. :
) .
) .
3. :
)
)
x 2 6x + 9
x+3
2x 2 2x 12
x 2 + x - 12
4x 2 9
4x 2 - 12x + 9
x 2 + 3x 18
x 2 + 4x - 12
145
x 2 x 6 2
x 2 - 7x+ 12 2
x 2 25
x 2 - 6x + 5
x 3 + 2 2 + x 2
x 2 - 3
4.
:

x + ( - ) x -
(x - ) (x - )
x2 - ( - ) x -
(x + ) (x - )
x2 + ( + ) x +
(x - ) (x + )
x - ( + ) x +
(x + ) (x + )
( - x) (x + )
( + x) ( - x)
146
5. x2 + x + , 0 x1 = 1, x2 = - 2
(1 - x) (x + 2). :
. 1
. - 1
. 2
. - 2
. 3
x2 + x + 0
1. 4x2 + 2x - 1
) x 0;
) x ;
) x ;
2. 3x2 + 3x + 2.
3. x :
2x 2 - 7x + 3 ,
x 2 - 4x + 4 ,
x 2 + 9x + 18 ,
2x 2 - x + 1
;
4. x2 - 8x + 12 = 0.
) ;
) x 3 5, x2 - 8x + 12 ;
.
5. :
) - x2 + 5x - 6 0
) - x2 + 4x - 4 > 0
) - x2 + x - 1 < 0
) 2x2 + x - 15 > 0
) 5x2 + 3x - 2 < 3x2 - 2x + 10
) 6x2 - 8 < 2x2 - 3x + 2
) x2 + 1 > 0
) 4x2 + 5 > 0
6. x2 + 6x + 92 + 4 > 0 x.
7. ( - 5) x2 - 3x + 4
x.
f (x) = x2 + x +
x;
8.
. f (x) < 0
.
f (x)
x2 + 1
<0
< 0,
B. - 3f (x) 0
.
f (x)
x2 + 1
. (x2 + 1) . f (x) > 0
9. f (x) = x2 - 5x - 6 - 1 6.
147
;
. f (0, 1999) > 0
B. f (0, 1999) 0
. f (1999) 0
E. f (- 1999) > 0
. f (1999) < 0
10. y =
x2 + x + , 0
> 0 < 0;
11. 1, 2
- x2 + x + = 0 - 7, - 2, 5, 10.
f (x) = - x2 + x + (>) (<)

:
f (- 7) .................. 0
f (- 2) .................. 0
f (5) .................. 0
f (10) .................. 0
12. x2 - 18x + = 0 :
. - 18
. 18
. 182
. 81
148
. - 81
(x) . B (x) . (x) .... (x) 0

1. :
) (x - 1) (x - 2) > 0
) (x + 1) (x + 3) < 0
) (x2 + 1) (x - 6) > 0
) (x - 5) (x + 1)2 (x + 2) (x - 3) < 0
) x (x2 - 3x + 2) (2x2 + 5x + 3) (x2 + x + 1) < 0
) (x + 2)2 (2x2 - 5x - 3) (3x2 + 2x + 1) > 0
) x3 - x2 - 20x < 0
) 4x3 - 20x2 + 18x < 0
A (x)
A (x)
>0
<0
B (x)
B (x)
1. N :
1
>0
x
1
)
>0
x+2
-3
) ()
) ()
()
>0
()
x
3x - 1
)
>2
x+2
)
-3
x2
<0
x 2 + 3x - 4
<0
x (x + 3)
1
<0
x
4x
3x - x 2
>
7x 2
x 3 + 3x 2
1
2
>0
2x 2 - 4x + 5
x2 + 2
>1
x 2 - 4x + 3
>0
x -2
149
2. :
2x
3x - 1
+
<2
x - 1 3x + 1
3. x (1, 4) =
x 2 - 5x + 4
2
x + 2x + 1
1. x :
x2 - 8 < 0 x2 - 5x + 6 > 0
2. x :
- x2 + 2x < - 3
x2 - 2x - 15 < 0
x-2>0
3. x :
- 3 < - x2 + 2x + 3 < 0
1. x y 24 cm.

2 cm, 60 cm2. x, y.
2. . :
x, (x + 3), (x + 6)
) x x2 - 6x - 27 = 0
) x2 - 6x - 27 = 0
.
150

3 4

3 4 ,

.
, ,
.
151

3
:
: 1
: 5
1. : 2x + 5y = 0
3x + 4y = 0
) . ;
) D.
) ;
.
2. :
(1 - ) y = 3
x + 4y = - 1
3. : x - y = -
4x - y = - 3

:
3
) .
152
4.

.
()

x + 3y = 10
()
=3
2x - y = 2

=-6
x + 3y = - 1
=0
2x + 6y = 4
2
=-3
= 15
=2

x + ( - 3) y = 4
.
153
=1
5. :
)
2x + 3y = 8
...................
.
)
x + 2y = 8
...................
(2, 3).
)
x + 2y = 5
...................
.
)
2x - y = 10
2x - y = 13
..................
)
2x + y = 12
...................
.
)
2x + 5y = 7
...................
154
: 1
: 4
1. : 2x - 3y = 11 -
x + 5y - = 7,
)
.
) x y.
) (x, y) ()
: x + y =
2. :
( - 2) x + 5y = 5
x + ( + 2) y = 5

:
:
( - 2) x + 5y = 5
x + ( + 2) y = 5
)
+ 3
- 3.
) , :
1,5
i) = 3
1,5
ii) = - 3
155
3.
:
) ,
) ,
) .
. 0x + 0y = 0
0x + y = 0
....................................................................
B. 0x + 0y = 1
0x + 5y = 7
....................................................................
. 0x + 0y = 9
0x + 0y = 0
....................................................................
.
x + 0y = 5
0x + y = 1
....................................................................
4.
- 3x + 2y = 0
6x - 4y =

:
2
. 1
. 2
. 3
156
. 0

x2 + x + = 0, 0
1
:
: 3
1. :

1 + 2
1 . 2
x + x + = 0
- 7x2 - 8x + 7 = 0
5
x2 + 8x - 7 = 0
- x2 - 8x - 7 = 0
2x2 + 8x + 7 = 0
2. x2 - x - 2 - 5 = 0 x1, x2.
,
(x1 - 2) (x2 - 2) = - 4.
3. 1, 2 x2 + x + = 0,

1, 2,
157
-
()
2
: 1
: 5
1. x2 + 5x + 10 = 0
) ;
) ;
) .
2.
.
.
3. x :
2x - 1 < x2 4 < 12
4. ()
().
()
< 0 < 0
()
x2 + x + > 0
x
x
< 0 > 0
> 0 0
x

x

x
158
5. ()
().
.
()
<0
> 0, > 0 - > 0
()

x2 + x + = 0

=0
<0
159

,
.
-
.

.
(
. 102) ( %)
.

,
.
, :
.

.
.
160

.

.
,
( )

, .
161

: .........................................
: .................................................
: ..................
: .............................
: ............
:......................................................
: .......................................
1.
....
2.
....
3.
....
....
:
.
162

01 - 05
06 - 09
10 - 13
14 - 17
18 - 20
403020-
10
01-05
06-09
10-13
163
14-17
18-20
- 3
-
164
165

1. () ():
()
()

400
.
166
2. ,
[ ()] [ ()]
().
()
()
()
i).....................................
i).....................................
............................
..
ii) .................................
ii)....................................
................................
i).....................................
i).....................................
............................
.............................
ii)............................
ii)....................................
.............................
..............................
i).....................................
i)................................
............................
ii)............................
ii)
167
3. .
, ( ), (
) . 70 .
;
) =
)
)
) 3 .
) .
3 (...).
4.
= = 90 = 60.
= 2x = 8x,
:
) 3x
) 4x
) 5x
) 6x
) 7x
5. = 5x,
= 3x = 60.
:
) 10x
) 11x
) 12x
) 13x
) 14x
6. :
)
)
)
)
) .
7. :
)
)
)
)
168
) .
8. = 90 = 35.

:
) 55
) 70
) 100
) 125
) 110
9.
.

:
) +
) +
) +
) 2
) + +
10.
, ,
, :
) =
) =
) =
) =
) =
11.
. .
, ,

, , , ,
:
) 2
) 3
) 4
) 5
) 6
12.
= ,
:
) 1
) 2
) 3
) 4
) 5
169
13.
:
) 4x
) 3x
) x
) 2x
x
2
14. :
) .
)
15. .
= = .
:
) = , ) , , .
16.
.
) .
) .
17.
.
18. .
(
).
:
) , , ) =
) .
19. .
(
).
:
)
.
)
.
170
20. .

.

.
21. : 15 - x, x + 5, 2x + 10, x + 15.

x.
22. : 4x, 3x, 2x, x.
) .
) .
23. .

; .
24. .
, ; .
25. // = .
.
26. . =
= . .
27.

. = ,
:
) =
) .
28. =
, = //
.
4
AB
.
4
29. . , , ,
, .
171
30. = 45.
(
) . .
31. , =
3
. , ,
2
, , ,
. ,
.
32. < .
.
=
= . , , , .
33. = 120
.
. :
) 30 ) 40
) 50
) 60
.
. = . :
) 1
) 2
1
2
) 3
) 70
1
3
V. = 2.
34. // ( < ) = .
, ,
, .
) ............................................................
) .................................................................
) .
) : = ............... = ................
) + .
35. // .
. .
) ............................................................
) .........................................................
..........................................
) .
) : = ............ = .............
) .
172
36. = .
.
)
) : = ............... = ................
) .
37. .
, .
: (
).

=

= =
38. . , , , ,
. .
: (
).
=
=
B
,
2

=
=
B
2
, //

39. :
) .
) .
) .
. .
173
40.
.
.
)
.
)
,
.
) .
41. :
) .
) .
) :
i) ...................................................................
ii) ...................................................................
iii) ...................................................................
42. . ;
;
) 45.
) .
) .
43. :
)
)
) .
.
44.
()
. ,
, :
) , ) .
174
- 4

175
176
1. .
,
:
)
)
)
)
2. ( = 90)
:
3. ,
. = 4, = 9, :
) 5
) 6
) 8
) 8 +
) 5 3
4.
( = 90), .
= 6, = 8 = 4,
:
)
16
3
) 6
20
3
19
)
4
) 5
5.
.
:
)
)
)
177
6. :
x
()
()
()
()
()
()
7.
.
.
. x
. :
) ........
) ........
) ........
. , :
AB
8. 12 cm, 8 cm 6 cm.
:
) 20 cm
) 18 cm
) 14 cm
) 13 cm
) 10 cm
178
2. .
:
()
()
10. .
179
()
()
()
()
) ;
) .
) x y.
11. : = = 90 .
) ........
.
) :
) 2 = .
12. - = 90. , :
2 = ..
13. ,
.
14. ,
, .
15. , ,
.
16. ,
.
180
17. .
, =
, =
.
3
3
3
.
, =
18.
. :
) .
) .
.
19. .
, .
20. ( // ).
, = .
21.
, , . :
MN
=

M
)
=

)
) + =
22. ( = 90)
. 2 = ..
23. 3 3.
,

.
24. , , , ,
,
,
,
,
.
.
: .
181
=
=
,
, o = , 2 = 2 2 = 2.

.

B
B
=
=
=
=
.
B
B
A
.
= , = 1 .

B
=
=
, ,
B
B
= , 1 = 1 1 = 1.
182

3 4
183
184

3
:
-
: 1
: 3
1
. i)
= 90 = 35.
:
) 55 ) 70
) 110
) 100 ) 125
ii)
.

:
) +
) +
) +
) 2
) + +
iii)
, , , :
) =
) =
) =
) =
) =
iv)
.
. ,
,

, , , ,
:
) 2
) 3
) 4
) 5
) 6
( 2)
. :
185
) .
) .
) .
i) ...............................................................
ii) ..............................................................
iii) ..............................................................
( 3)
2
.
(
).
:
) , ,
) =
) .
( 8 = 4 + 2 + 2)
3
, =
3
. , ,
2
, , ,
. ,
.
( 7)
186

4
:
: 1
: 3
1
. x (), ,
().
.
()
()
1
1,5
2
3
4
4,5
( 3)
. :
) .
) .
) .
) .
;
.
. () ()
. ()
. () ()
. ()
187
( 2)
2

.
:
)
) . = .
( 7 = 3 + 4)
3
,
, ,
.
:
)
) =
( 8 = 2,5 + 2,5 + 3)
188

, :
.
. .
,

.
,
, ,
.
R. Skemp1
, :
, ,

, ,
, .
, ,
2 :
3
.

.

,
. :
,
,
,
,
The Psychology of Learning Mathematics - Skemp R, . 100.

- . . , . 144.
3
.
2
189
,
,
,

.
190
191
192

1. )
:
) :
- ............................ .....................
- ................................. .....................
2.
(A) (B):
()
()
3. :
) :
193
BA
) :
.
.
BK
B
4. , ,
:
............., ............. ............. .
.
)
; ................
) ;
)
,
,
() ;
.
194
B
B
5. < < .
) : ,
, .
)

.
.
6. :
. 7.40
. 7.40
40$
7
40$
. 7.40
7. :
( : xx).
5
3
3
4
4
3
3
5
3
2
( - 1992).
,
1.
:
195
.
x . x 100 m
. 80.
:
100
= 588,23
=
0,17
...........................
.
) ;
100
;
)
0,17
.
)
;
)
:
196
.
.
.
.

. .
i) ;
ii)
;
iii) ;
197
2. ( = 90):
) = 32 = 6 m. .
) = 5 m = 41. .
) = 8 m = 5 m.
,
.
3. :
( )
:

35
70
25
45, 30, 60
1.
3 cm. :
)
)
45 .
45
45
45
45
2. :
) 60 ) 30.

.

30
60
198
3. :
) 60 = 230 - 230
) 60 = 230 . 30
) 60 = 2230 - 1
) 60 = 1 - 2230
4. 30 45 :
) 15 = 45 30 - 45 30
) 75 = 45 30 + 45 30
.
5. :
) 230 60
) 245 90
) 315 45
1
) 60 30
2
6. :
45$ - 3$
=3-2 2 .
45$ + 60$

() - (),
:
) =
) =
) =
1
) =
1 + 2
) . = 1
) 2 + 2 = 1
1 + 2
1. ( = 90):
) = 0,6. : i) , ii) .
3
. : i) , ii) .
4
8
) =
. : i) , ii) , iii)
15
) =
2. : (x + x)2 = 1 + 2x.x.
3. :
) x.x
) x.2x + 3x
199
) 1 x 1 + x
4. :
)
4 x - 2 x
4 x - 2 x
2 x - 2 y
2 x - 2 y
1. ( = 90)
)
:
i) = ii) =
) , :
= .................
= .................
2. .

0
30
45
60
90
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
3
) : ...... + ...... = 90 ..
) ,
. 0 = 90, .......... = .......... ..
) ,
.
200
3. -
:
x ()
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
4. 15 =
x
0,000 0
0,017 5
0,034 9
0,052 3
0,069 8
0,087 2
0,104 5
0,121 9
0,139 2
0,156 4
0,173 6
0,190 8
0,207 9
0,225 0
0,241 9
0,258 8
0,275 6
0,292 4
0,309 0
0,325 6
0,342 0
0,358 4
0,374 6
0,390 7
0,406 7
0,422 6
0,438 4
0,454 0
0,469 5
0,484 8
0,500 0
0,515 0
0,529 9
0,544 6
0,559 2
0,573 6
0,587 8
0,601 8
0,615 7
0,629 3
0,642 8
0,656 1
0,669 1
0,682 0
0,694 7
0,707 1
0,720
0,731
0,743
0,755
0,766
0,777
0,788
0,799
0,857
0,866
x
0,000
0,017 5
0,034 9
0,052 4
0,069 9
0,087 5
0,105 1
0,122 8
0,140 5
0,158 4
0,176 3
0,194 4
0,212 6
0,230 9
0,249 3
0,267 9
0,286 7
0,305 7
0,324 9
0,344 3
0,364 0
0,383 9
0,404 0
0,424 5
0,445 2
0,466 3
0,487 7
0,509 5
0,531 7
0,554 3
0,577 4
0,600 9
0,624 9
0,649 4
0,674 5
0,700 2
0,726 5
0,753 6
0,781 3
0,809 8
0,839 1
0,869 3
0,900 4
0,932 5
0,965 7
1,000 0
x

57,290
28,636
19,081
14,301
11,430
9,514
8,144
7,115
6,314
5,671
5,145
4,705
4,331
4,011
3,732 1
3,487 4
3,270 9
3,077 7
2,904 2
2,747 5
2,605 1
2,475 1
2,355 9
2,246 0
2,144 5
2,050 3
1,962 6
1,880 7
1,804 1
1,732 1
1,664 3
1,600 3
1,539 9
1,482 6
1,428 2
1,376 4
1,327 0
1,279 9
1,234 9
1,191 8
1,191 8
1,110 6
1,072 4
1,035 5
1,000 0
0,965 7
0,932 5
0,900 4
0,869 3
0,839 1
1,235
1,280
1,327
1,376
1,428
1,483
1,540
1,600
1,664
1,732
0,700
0,674
0,649
0,624
0,600
0,577
2
5
4
9
9
4
2
2
( 3 - 1) 75 =
( 3 + 1) :
4
4
) 15
) 15
5. .
201
x
1,000 0
0,999 8
0,999 4
0,998 6
0,997 6
0,996 2
0,994 5
0,992 5
0,990 3
0,987 7
0,984 8
0,981 6
0,978 1
0,974 4
0,970 3
0,965 9
0,961 3
0,956 3
0,951 1
0,945 5
0,939 7
0,933 6
0,927 2
0,920 5
0,913 5
0,906 3
0,898 8
0,891 0
0,882 9
0,874 6
0,866 0
0,857 2
0,848 0
0,838 7
0,829 0
0,819 2
0,809 0
0,798 6
0,788 0
0,777 1
0,766 0
0,766 0
0,743 1
0,731 4
0,719 3
0,707 1
0,695
0,682
0,669
0,656
0,643
0,629
0,616
0,602
0,588
0,574
0,559
) :

A
B+
=
2
2
A
B+
=
ii)
2
2
i)
) :
A+B
=
i)
2
2
A+B
=
ii)
2
2
) () ,
:
A
B+
-
i)
2
2
A
B+
.
ii)
2
2
A
B+
+ 2
iii) 2
2
2
202

1. xy, :
3
) xAy =
5
) xAy = 0,8
) xAy = 0,4
2. : (90 - ) =
4
.
7
3. :
1
1
= = .
3
3
) .
) : i) , ii) .
4. .
) = 3 m = 4 m, .
) = 37 m = 25, .
) = 36 m = 65, .
) = 35 m =
5
, :
6
i) ,
ii)
iii) .
) = 4,8 m = 0,6, :
i) ,
ii)
iii) .
5.
.

,
:
, , .
203
6. = 37 M = 53.
) ;
) = 25 m, :
i) ii) .
7. , 5, 12, 13 .
.
8. (2, 4), (2, - 2) (5, -2).
) .
) .
9. ( = ) = 84 = 50 m. :
) ,
) .
10. ( = )
= 26 cm = 47. :
) ,
) .
11.

18

70 m.
12.

:
) 20 m
.
)

52.
.
13. = 1 m.
.
204
) x, x
:
i) AH, ii) BH iii)
) x = 28:
= ................
= ................
14.
= ................
(
):
) i) , ii) , iii)
) i) , ii) , iii) .
15. -
4,25 m, 7
m .
1,50 m ,
.
205
16.

10 m

109,5 m.

.
) .
) .
17.
.
,
, , .
18. ,
30, .

2 m .

;
19.
.
. :
)
( = = = = ).
) .
206
20.

2 km.

,
5 km .
km ;
( .
).
21. R
.
.
.
) .
)
R.
) , R.
22. R ( = ).
) , = .
) = 2R.
23. ,
A B, AB
: = 45.
= 250 m
= 30. ,
343,66 m.
207

. 45.
45;
24. ( = = ) .
= 2 .
2
25. : = 1 m
= 3 m.
;
26. , , .
) .
: = .
)
.
) () (), :
=
=
27. = = = 1
m = /4 rad.
)
:
2+ 2
(1)
2
) :
=
=
) : i) =
ii)
A
2
(2)
=
8
2+ 2
.
2
208
28. = 2
= rad.
8
) :
i) = rad.
4
ii) = =
2
.
2
iii) : = 2 + 2 .
) :
209
.
8
8
210
- -
-
1. .
) :
()
()
) = , :
= ................
) :
720 + ................
-360 + .................
2. :
0,
0,
1 1 rad.
:
) 7 1; , ;
, 1 ;
) - 14 - 2; , ;
, - 2 ;
211
212
3.

30
= , :
180
45
120
/3
150
/2
3/4
180
1
1
4. :
) ;
) ;
5. :

10
53
60
18
2/3
/
4
3/8
6. , :
) = 72 = 18,
) = 45
( ).
7.
. ,
.
8. = /6 rad = 2/6 rad. ;

9. R R .
xOy 9 20.
R
20

=
.
R
9
10. R = 4, :
) = /4 rad,
) = 2/3 rad,
) = 36
11.

20,52 4,38 .

40.000 km.
213
12. :

.
x = rad;
13. , :
14.
50
y = + ()
= - ()
)
1 = 25
.

2 = 76, 3 = 135.
)
0,75.

0,75.
.
) () 0,50
- 0,60.
214
)
0,50.
0,50.

.
) () 0,80.
15.

, :
) 0
) 30
90
120
180
240
270
330
() .
16. :

, , .
/2
3/2
/4
3/4
5/4
7/4
/8
2/8
3/8
/2
......
15/8

;
17.
:
) 60, ) - 20 .
18. :
215
90, - 90, 135, 210, - 240, 750, - 4/3 rad, - rad.

19. = 760 = - 320 .
216
20. :
20
60
120
140
160
180
40
0,50
0,34
21.
.
: , ,
.
22. :
) :
/3, 2/3, , 4/3, 5/3, 2.
)
;
)
;
)
;
) .
23. :
x = /3
x; x;
217
24. :
) :
/6, 2/6, ... , 11/6, 2.
)
;
)
;
)
;
) .
25. :
y = /6
y;
26.
/12 ;
27. :
.
. cm
B. rad
. m
.
28. :
.
1
2
B. -
3
2
2
2
. -
218
1
2
3
2
29. x + x = 2 x :
. 0
. 90
. 180
. 270 . .
30. x:
. x < -1
. x > 1
. - 1 x 1
. x
. .
31. .
) :
= ..........
= ..........
) :
) :
i) 2/3
ii) - /3 + 8
iii) .
32.
.
) :
i) ...... ......
ii) ...... ......
iii) ...... ......
iv) ...... ......
) , ,
.
) :
i)
ii) .
) :
i) 2 + 3/2,
ii) 2 - /2, ;
33.
)
.
: 45, 90, 180, 270, 0.
219
)
;
34.
: 45, 90, 180, 270, 0.
)
;
35. : /3, 2/3, ,
4/3, 5/3, 2.
)
;
)
;
36. : /4, /2, 3/4, ,
5/4, 3/2, 7/4, 2.
)
;
)
;

1. (+) (-)
.
220
2. :
. 200 . 160 . (-140) . (-200)
. (-240)
3.
.
> 0 < 0
< 0 < 0
> 0 > 0
< 0 > 0
< 0 < 0
< 0 > 0
> 0 > 0
> 0 < 0
4. .

117
- 100
925
- 40
5. < 0 > 0, :
. 1 . 2 . 3
. x
. 4 1
6. :
) 80 . 260
) 120 . 310
) 100 . 100
) 240 . 320
7. 0 < x < 90
(180 - x) + (90 - x) - (270 - x).
221
8. :
) 20 - 23
) 243 - 250
) 200 - 190
) 72 - 294
9. 0 < x < 360, 2x = 2x :
. x
. x
. x
. x
. x
10. :
= 3,14159264...
:
) 3,1 rad
) 1,58 rad
) 4,5 rad
) 31,4 rad
.

30 /
45 /
60 /
6
4
3
90 /
180 / 270 /
3
2
360 / 2
1. ()
().
()
()
1/2
30
45
/4
60
/3
3 /2
0
1
- 3
3
3 /3
-1
2 /2
2. .
:
) /4;
) /3;
) /6;
)
/3 /6;
222
3. , .
, ,
,
: , , , , H,
, , .
.
4. :
20 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
6
4
3
2
5. 0 + 30 + 45 + 60 + 90 :
.
3
6
+
2
2
1
2 1+ 3
+
+
2
2
2
3
5
+
2
2
1+ 2 + 3 +2
4
1 + 2 + 3+ 4
2
6. : 0 . 90 . 180 . 270 . 360 :

1
. -1
. 1
. 0
. 2
.
2
223
7.
)
.

0
0
90
/2
180
270
3/2
360
2
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
) (+) (-)
.

1. () - ()
) =
) =
) =
1
1 + 2
) =
) . = 1
) 2 + 2 = 1
1 + 2
:
2. :
) = 0,6 0 < < 90. : i) , ii)
) = -
3
180 < < 270. : i) , ii)
4
224
3. = 0,4 0 < < 90, .
4. y =
2
90 < y < 180, y y.
3
8
180 < < 270, -
15
.
5. =
3
270 < < 360, -
4
.
6. = -
7. , = -
3
3

.
2
2
2
8. :
) ( + )2 + ( - ) 2
) ( + ) 2 - ( - ) 2
9. 0 < <
1
1
=
- 1.
, :
2
2
2
10. x > , 0 < <

3
2

3x - 2
3x
0 < <
3x - 2
, = .
2
11. 2 - 3 = 0 < 0, .
3
, x.
2
13. 22x - 5x + 2 = 0 270 < x < 360, x.
12. 62x + x - 1 = 0 < x <
14. x, , :
) (x - x)2 = 1 - 2 x . x
) 4x - 4x = 2x - 2x = 1 - 22x = 22x - 1
) (1 + x + x)2 = 2 (1 + x) (1 + x)
)
1 - 2 x
2
1 + x
) 1 -
= 1 - 22x
2 x
= x
1 +
) 2 (1 + 2) + 2 (1 + 2) = 2
225
=
+
15. x + x = 1, x :
.
.
B.
.
16. x + x = 0, x :
. 1
B. 2
. 3
. 4
. x
17. :
) x =
,>1
) x =
-1
4
) x = 3 - 2
) x =
2
) x = - 7 7
) x =
2 -1
) = 3 29
) x =
2
226
11

, :
2
. x + x > 1 B. x + x < 1
. x + x = 1
. x < x
.
18. 0 < x <
19. = 2x + 5, :
. 5
B. 3
. - 2
. 7
20. 45 < x < 90, :
. x > x
B. x < x
. x = x
. x + x <
. - 7
. x < 1
1
2
21. (>), (<) (=) :

) 40 ..... 40 60
) 55 ..... (55)2
) 170 ..... 170 25
) 340 ..... 340
) 70 ..... 70
22. 22x - 11x + 15 > 0 x.
23. x y 0 < y < x <
3 (x + y) + (x - y) = 4.
2
24. :
) y = 2 + 3 x
) y = 5 + 2x
1
) y =
2 - x
227
25. x = ,
1+ 2
B. 2x
. 1 + 2x
:
. 2x
. 2x
. 2x + 1
26. (
):
1
x
. 2x = 1 - 2x
B. x =
. 2x =
x
1 + 2 x
. 2x = 1 -
1
1 + 2 x
. - 1 x 1
27. x1, x2
(1 + ) x2 - (1 + 2) x + (1 - ) = 0, -1
: x1 + x2 + x1 . x2 = 1
28. 2x = 1 + 22y, 2y = 22x.
29. x - x =
2 x, x + x =
2 x.
30. 3 + 5 = 5, : (3 - 5)2 = 9.
31. x =
. -
12
13
5
, 90 < x < 180, x :
13
12
8
8
13
.
.
. .
13
13
13
5
32. x, x , (2x)2
:
. 4x 2 B. 22x
. 4x2
. 4x
. 4x
228
33. x = 2 y = 3, :
. x2 - y2 = - 5
.
x2
y2
=1
4
9
x2
y2
+
=1
9
4
x2
y2
+
=1
4
9
. x2 + y2 = 13
34. H = (x + x)2 + (x - x)2 :

1
. 1
B. 0
. 2
. 4
.
2
35. H = 3x + x2x :
. x
B. - x
. 2x
. 0
36. :
) 3x + 2x 5
) 2x - 10x 12
229
. 1

180 - 180 -
90 - 90

1. :
) (2 + ) = ............................
) (8 - ) = ............................
) ( - 2) = .............................
) (10 - ) =..............................
2. :

) 500 = 140
) 750 = 30
) (-1200) = (-120)
3. :
17
780, 1110,
3
4. 660 :
. 120 . 60
. 120
. (-60)
5. : (740 + x - y) - (20 + x - y) = 0.
6. :
(3 + ) (7 + )
(3 + ) (4 + )
230
. 260
7. () (),
.
()
()
6
3
4
2
7
15
6
13
6
19
4
15
4
30
7
23
7
180 - 180 -
1.
x : 180 - x, 180 +
x - x .
231
2. :
) (- )
6
) (- )
3
) (-45)
) (- 60)
3. x y , :
) (x - y) = (y - x)
) (x - y) = - (y - x)
4. :
) (x - ) = (x + )
) (x - ) = ( + x)
5. x x :
= (- x) + (- x) + ( + x) + ( - x)
6. :
1
=
8
2
2+ 2 .
)
8
9
9

)
8
8
325
325
)

8
8
7
7

8
8
) (- ) (- )
8
8
)
7. :
150
135
120
210
232
225
240
8. , , , :
) ( + ) =
) ( + ) = -
) ( + ) = -
9. , , , , :
A+B
+
)
=
2
2
A+
B+
= -
)
2
2
A+
B+
= -
)
2
2
10. : 560 140 - 680 380 = 0
11. x x :
) x - , ) x + 4, ) - x + 5
12. , : (
4 -
) = - .
2
2
13. 42 = 0,66. 138 222.
14. 146 = - 0,82, 34 214.
+ .
2
-
+ .
)
2
2
) , , ,
( - ), ( - ), ( - ).
2
2
2
15. =
233

=
5
5 +1
.
4
ii) .
) : i)
5
5
)
, :
5
5
4
4
6
6
i)

, ii)

5
5
5
5
16. :
=
12
6- 2
:
4
) : i) , ii) .
12
12
) :
11
13
143
i)
, ii)
, iii)
12
12
12
17.
18. :
2
4
71
97
,
, - ,
,
)
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
81
108
) - ,
,
,
, 4
4
4
4
4
5
7
11
13
, - ,
,
,
)
6
6
6
6
6
8
11
13
) ,
,
3
6
4

,
3 4
6
.
19. (-) :
.
. ( - ) . - ( + )
. -
.
20. - (-) :
.
. -
.
. (-)
.
21. (-) :
.
. -
. ( - )
.
. - ( - )
22. (-) :
. -
. -
. ( + )
.
234
23. :
= (x - y) (y - x) + (y - x) (x - y)
24. , x :
) [(- 1)2 + 1 x] = - x
) [(- 1)2 + 1 x] = x
) [(- 1)2 x] = x
25. -
< x < , x = (- 2 + x) .
2
2
26. ( - ) :
.
. -
.
.
. -
27. ( + ) :
. (-) .
.
.
. -
28. ( + ) :
.
.
. -
.
. (-)
235
29. 315 :
.
2
2
. -
2
2
3
2
1
2
. -
. - 3
. -
1
2
30. 315 :
. 1
. -1
31. ( + ) :
.
. -
.
.
. ( - )
32. ( - ) :
. (-) .
. -
.
33. = 42 90 180, :
. 132
. 138
. 142
. 148
34. :
1
) = 3
) =
) -
<<0
2
3
3
. 157
) 2 =
1
1 + 2
) 2 + 2 = 1
:
. (), (), (), ()
. (), (), ()
. (), (), ()
. (), (), ()
236
. (), (), ()
4
3
x = - , x :
5
5
3
. 0 < x <
. 0 < x <
. 0 < x <
2
2
.
. 0 < x < 2
<x<
2
;
35. x =
36. 0 x 180, 2x - 5 = 0 :
. x
. x
. x
. x . x
37. + + + = 4.
:
.
.
.
.
.
38. 2 (360 + x) + 2 (360 - x) = 1.
39. x =
.
3
4
3
, 90 < x < 180, x :
5
4
3
9
9
.
. .
.
3
4
16
3
40. (-) + (-) + (180 - ) + (180 - )

:
. 1
. - 1
. 0
. 2
. 2
41. , , , (2 + 2 + 2) :
. 2 ( + + ) . 0
. - 1
. 1
. - ( + + )
42.
0 < x1 < x2 < 180 x1 x2

( ).
43. 4x2 + 2 ( 3 - 1) x .
44. :
)
)
) ,
45. :
) = ( + )
237
3 = 0
) 2 + 2( + ) = 1
46. : 0 <
( - x)
< 1.
( - x) - x
47. , , ,
( + + ) = 0.
48. , , , , ( +
+ + ) = 0.
49.

4.
50.
51. x , x - 360$ = - x.
238
52.
-
:
) (- ), (- ), (- ), (- ), 0, , , , 90.
2
3
4
6
6
4
3
) (-
), , (- ), , (- ), 0.
6
4
4
3
3
) (-170), 40, (-150), (-90),
, (- ).
6
3
5
7
4
.
.
4
6
3 =- 2 .
53. :
4
5
7
4
2 .
.
3
4
6
90 - 90
1. () ().
()
()
(90 - )
-
(90 - )
(90 - )
(90 - )
-
+ ) :
2
. (-) .
. -
.
3. ( + ) :
2
.
. (-)
. -
.
2. (
. -
+ ) :
2
.
. -
. -
.
4. (
5.
45 :
) 85, ) 65, ) 125
239
6. : 450 + 220 + 410 = 1 + 240

7. :
)
+ -
2
) ( + ) = -
2
) ( + ) = -
2
8. : 28 = 0,47 28 = 0,88.
) : 62, 62 62.
) : 118, 118 118.
9.
1
=
8
2
2 + 2 ,
3
.
8
x = 0,28, :
2
) y, ) y ) y
11. x x :
= (x - ) + (x - ) + (x - ) + (x - )
2
2
= ( - x) + ( + x) - (x - )
2
2
10. x + y =
12. x y, 0 < x < 90 0 < y < 90.

: x = y (1) x = 2y (2)
) (1) x y;
) x y.
- x) :
2
. 22x
. 1
13. 2x + 2 (
. 2
. 0
. 1 - 2x
14. ( + ) = 1, .
15. = (45 + x) - (45 - x) :
.
2
2
. -
2
2
. 0
. x
. x
16. x y , :
. 2x + 2y = 1
. (x + y)2 = 1 - 2xy
. x y = 1
. 2x + 2y = 1
. x . y = 1
240
17. : x + (x + 90) + (x + 180) + (x + 270) = 0.
18. ) : (x + 45) = (45 - x)

) :
2(x + 45) + 2(x - 45) + 2(45 - y) + 2(y + 45).
- (270$ + ) (180$ + ) - 1
19. :
=
.
1 + (90$ + )
(180$ - )
( + x) ( - x)
2
20. :
.
( x) ( + x)
21. :
x = (-1) [(2 + 1)
- x]
2
-
() () :

1.
,
.
2.

.
180
11
3. ,
6
- .
6
4.
2
0, ,
, ,
3 3
2
- .
3
3
5.

.
5
6. 2
+ 2
= 1.
12
12
241
7. 0 x 90, x = - 1 - 2 x .
8. ,
.
9. y ,
y y.
10. x :
2x = 2x.
11. + = 1.
,
,
+ + = 3.
3
4
x = - .
5
5
14. x = 0 x = 0.
15. x = 1 x = 1.
16. x > 0 x > 0 x > 0.
17. x 2.
18. x > 1.
19. 90 x 180 x = 1 - 2 x .
22. 0 < x < 90 x < x.
23. x = 1 x = x .
24. 330 = 90.
25. x = x -90 x 90.
26. 0 < x < 360 x = x x = 45 x = 225.

1
27. 45 < x < 90
< 1.
x
12. 90 < x < 180 x =
13. 180 < x < 270 x = -
20. 0 < x <
2
5
x =
.
3
3
. x = - 1.
2
x
21. x x =
x
.
x
28. 90 < x < 180 x < 0.

29. 0 x 180 x 0.
30. 0 < < <
< .
2
= .
2
32. + =
2 = 2.
2
33.
< < < < .
2
31. + =
242
34. * x x .
48. x ( + x) = ( - x) .
49. x = x .
3
<<
< < 2.
2
2
36. , = 2 = 2.
37. = = - .
38. - = 2 ,
.
39. x + y = 0 x = y.
40. x = 360 + , , x = y.
41. y = - 360 + , , x = y.
42. 0 < x <

2x > 0.
2
43.
3
+ + = .
2
44. + + + = 4.
45. x :
35. < 0
(1 - x) 2 + (1 + x) 2 = 2.
46. (3 -2x)2 + (x - 1)2 = 0.
) = ( + ).
A
B+
)
=
.
2
2
A
B+
)
=
.
2
2
) = - ( + ).
47. :
) ( + + + ) = 1
) ( + + + ) = 0
) ( + ) = ( + )
) ( + ) = ( + )
50. 51. x + x > 1
243
1
.
2
244
245
1
:
:
: 3
/
1. , :
50
y = + ()
= - ()
246
1.

:
1,5
1,5
1,5
3,5
) 330 = .............
) (-300) = .........
) (-210) = .........
) 240 = .............
.
1.
:
.
.
1
2
B. -
3
2
2
2
. -
1
2
3
2
2. x:
. x < -1
. x > 1
. - 1 x 1
. x
. .
247
2
:
- 180 180
:
: 3
/
0,5
1. (-) :
.
. ( - ) . - ( + )
. -
.
0,5
2. - (-) :
.
. -
.
. (-) .
0,5
3. (-) :
. -
. -
. ( + )
.
.
0,5
4. ( - ) :
.
. -
.
. -
.
0,5
5. ( + ) :
. (-)
.
.
. -
.
0,5
6. ( + ) :
.
.
. -
. (-)
.
0,5
7. ( + ) :
.
. -
.
. ( - ) .
0,5
8. ( - ) :
. (-)
.
. -
.
.
/
1. 42 = 0,66.
248
138 222.
5
/
2. 146 = - 0,82, 34 214.

3
1.
(-) + (-) + (180 - ) + (180 - )
:
. 1
. - 1
. 0
. 2
. 2
2. :
=
5
4
5 +1
.
.
4
5
249
3
:
: 1
: 4
/
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
() ()
:

1.

.

180
11
2. ,
6

- .
6
3.

.
4. ,
.
5. y ,
y y.
0,5
6. 0 x 90 x = - 1 - 2 x .
0,5
1. 90 x 180 x = 1 - 2 x .
0,5
2. 0 < x <
0,5
9. x = ,
. x = - 1.
2
x
. 1 + 2x
. 2x + 1
0,5
10. x =
. -
12
13
1+ 2
B. 2x
:
. 2x
. 2x
5
, 90 < x < 180, x :
13
12
8
8
13
.
.
. .
13
13
13
5
250
3
180 < < 270.
4
i) , ii) .
1. = -
2. ,
1
: = -
3
2
3

.
2
2
2,5
1. 2 - 3 = 0 < 0, .
2,5
2. :
= (x - y) (y - x) + (y - x) (x - y)
1,5
1. :
) 4x - 4x = 2x - 2x
3,5
1 - 2 x
2
1 + x
= 1 - 22x
4
:
: 1
: 4
/
0,5
1. = 10 :
. 1 rad
.
. 2 rad
10
0,5
2
2
3.
.
0,5
18
2. (-135) :
. -
0,5
1
2
1
2
. -
3
2
. -
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
5
:
6
. -
3
2
3
2
4. = 42 90 180 :
251
0,5
. 132
. 138 . 142
. 148
. 157
5.
:
. 200
. 160
. (-140)
. (-200)
. (-240)
0,5
6. x + x = 2 x :
0,5
. 0
. 270
. 90
. 180
. x
7. x + x = 0 x
0,5
:
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4
. x
8. xx (x + x) :
. 1
. x
. xx
. - 1
. x + x
0,5
9. - (-) :
.
. -
. . (- )
.
0,5
+ ) :
2
. . - . - .
.
10. (
rad .
8
2. x
2
3 5
x = .
7
7
3. :
1.
x =
(-x) (90$ - x)
(-x) (180$ + x)
1. :
5x- 4 3 + 5
=0
3 - 5 4 + 5
252
2
5
1. ) :
i) (45 + x) = (45 - x)
ii) (45 - x ) = (45 + x)
) :
2 (45 + x) + 2 (45 - x) = ................
) : (45 + x) + (45 - x) =
(45 + x) . (45 - x) =
253
2 -1
2
254
255

1.
= 90, = 9 cm, = 12 cm
. :
9
15
.
. 6
.
2
2
21
. 9
.
2
2. = 90, = 4 cm
+ = 18 cm. . :
. 1
. 8
. 2
. 16
. 4
3. :
. 34
. 36
. 38
. 45
. 46
4.
12 cm.
,
cm :
. 9
.
63
48 . 8
98
( - 1993)
5.
, :
. 2 = 2 + 2
. 2 = 2 - 2
. 2 = 2 - 2
. 2 = 2 - 2
2
2
2
. = -
6.
, :
. 2 = .
. 2 = .
. 2 = .
. 2 = .
256
. 2 = .
7.
, :
. 2 = 2 - 2
.
. 2 = .x
x
y
. 2 = .y
8. = =
= 12 = = 6. :
. 3 15
. 4 7
. 6 3
. 8 2
. 5 5
( - 1991)
9.
= = 90. , = 3,
= 5, = 7, :
. 3.6
. 4
. 4.2
. 4.5
. 5
( - 1992)
1.
( = 90) ,
= 10 cm = 5 cm.

: , , , .
2.
. ,

: , , , .
257
3.
. , ,
, ,

: , , , .
258

1. (),
().
()
()
2 = 2 + 2
2 = .y
x
y
2 = .y
2 = .y
259
2. ,
, , .
()
, ().
()
()
2 = .
2 = .
2 = 2 - 2
2 = 2 + 2

1.
, .
) :
i) 2 = 2 + ........
ii) 2 = 2 + ........
) : 2 + 2 =
5
2
4
2.
.
) :
i) 2 = 2 - ........
ii) 2 = 2 - ........
) : 2 = 2 .
260
3. = 120
.
) x :
i) 20
ii) 30
iii) 40
iv) 50
v) 60
) , :
A
i) =
ii) =
iii) =
2
2
A
v) = .
iv) =
2
) : 2 = 2 + 2 + .
4. ,
,
,
.
) :
i) 4
ii) 5
iii) 6
iv) 7
) :
i) 2 = 2 + 2
ii) 2 = 2 + 2
iii) 2 = 2 - 2
iv) 2 = 2 - 2
v) 2 = 2 - 2
261
v) 8
) :
i) 2 = 2 - ...........
ii) 2 = 2 - ...........
iii) 2 = 2 + ..........
iv) 2 = 2 + ..........
) : 2 + 2 = 2 + 2
5. = .
. .
) :
i) 3
ii) 4
iii) 5
iv) 6
v) 7
) , :
i) 2 = .
ii) 2 = 2 + 2
iii) 2 = 2 + 2
iv) 2 = .
v) 2 = 2 + 2
) : . = . + .

1.
) , , ,
, , , .
) i) 3,
2 - 1
,
2
2 + 1
2
.
ii) 4,
2
2
- 1,
+ 1 (
4
4
).
) 2 - 2, 2, 2 + 2
.
( , ,
,
).
,
: (), () ()
. ,
.
2. = 90, = 60 m = 15 m, .
+ = + .
262
3.
3 cm 12 cm.
.
4. 10 cm
24 cm.
5. ( > ) . .
: 2 - 2 = 2 - 2.
6. xOy = 45 .
x . y , : 2 +
2 = 2.
7. 6
cm. 42 cm,
.
8. ( = 90) = 2. ,
: = 4.
263
9. ( = 90) .
:
) 2 + 2 = ( + )
) 2 + 2 = ( + )
10. = = = 14 cm = = 8 cm.
) .
) .
11. , :
2 + 2 = 2 + 2.
12. . : 2 + 2
= 2 + 2.
13. . : 2 2 = . .
14. = 60 = .
.
15. = 5 cm = 1,4 cm. = 3 cm,
.
16. , ,
. , :
1
1
1
.
+
=
2
2
2
AE
AZ
17.
= 60. ,
:
)
) .
264
-

1.
(, ) :
>
=
<
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5.
.
6.
.
7.
.
8.
.
9.
.
10.

.
11.
.
12. ,

.
13.
.
14. ,
.
15.
.

265
1. ,
,
:
.
.
. .
.
2. :
.
.
.
. = +
. =
3.
x .
:
.
.
.
.
. +
4.

. x :
. 10
. 20
. 30
. 40
. 50
5.
,

. x :
. 20
. 30
. 45
. 60
. 80
266
6.
x
. x :
. 20
. 30
. 45
. 60
. 80
7. = = 8 cm,
// 5 cm.
:
. 3
. 4
. 6
. 8
. 10
8. = 64
= 37 .
:
. 143
. 37
. 79
. 101
. 64
9.
= 20.
:
. 70
. 80
. 100
. 110
. 140
10.

xy .
:
. 30
. 40
. 45
. 50
. 60
267
11.

x .
= 20 .
( )
20 :
. 4
. 5
. 6
. 7
. 8
12.
, = 30.
) :
. 15
. 30
. 45
. 60
. 75
) :
.
.
.
. 2
. 2

1. () () ().
()
()
()

.

.

268

1. (, ) ,

.
()
()
>
<
=
H
.

.

.

.

.
2. (, R) (, )
R > , =
.
()
()
=R+
>R+
=R-

.
.
.
.
(, )
(, R)
.
269
3.
:
()
()

:

1 2 :

:

:
(, )
(, )

4. :
()
()

1. , .
270
: x, y, z, .
2.
.

: x, y, z, .
3.
, xy x = 70.

: , , ,
y.
4.
= .
: ,
, , , , .

271

1.
,
= 30:
)
.
) : ,
, , .
272

2.

= 60, = 80.
) :
. 40
. 50
. 60
. 70
. 80
)

.
()
()

40
50
60
70
80

3. , = 50
= 3.
)

.
()
()

20
40
50
60
80
100
)
: , , , , .

1.

.
2. (, R) .
, : 2 + 2
= 8R2 - 42.
273
3. (, R)
. : 2 = 2 + 2.
4. (, R). = 90+,
: 2 + 2 = 4R2.
5. . .
, :
) = 2
) //
6. .
, .
: = .
7. (, R) .
, :
) : = 90.
AB
.
) =
2
274

1. (, R) (, ) , .
.
) :
. = R +
. = R -
. < R -
. < R +
. > R +
) : = 2.
2. (, R), .
.
,
) :
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
) .
3. (, 3), (, ) .
:
) 60.
) ,
(, 3) :
. 30
. 45
. 60
. 90
) .
275
. 100
-

1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5.
.
6.

.
7.
.
8.
.
9.
.
10.

.
11.
.
12.
.
13.
.

1. ,
() () : , , .
()
()
()
276

1. .
:
. 3
. 4
. 5
. 6
. 7
2. :
.
.
. ,
.
.
3. = 80
= 50. x :
. 80
. 90
. 105
. 115
. 130
4. .
:
. 36
. 45
. 72
. 90
. 144
5.

.
25 cm = 8 cm.
cm :
17
. 6
. 5,5
.
2
. 5
. 4,5
277
6. .
. = = 2 x
. x :
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
.
7
9
11
13
15
( - 1992)
278

1.
.
2. :
) , ,
.
)
.
3.
.
.
4. .
) () ().
()
()
) .
) :
. 2
. 3
. 4
. 5
. 6
279
5. .
:
) . = .
) 2 = .
6. .
,
.
7. ( = ) . ,
, , ,
,
.
8. = = = = = .
.
9. . , , , ,
:
) , .
) ()
.
10. .
.
. //
.
11. = 90 = 30, .
. :
) .
) = =

1. , , ,
x :
) x =
2 + 2
) x =
2 - 2
) x =
1
x2
1
2
1
2
280
2. (, ) (, ) (, ).
1
(, ) =
.
2
3. .
4. , .
: = , = = .
5. :
) , .
) , .
) , .
.
6.
= = , .
.
281

, 1998,
103, 150, 151.

1. , .

.
) : + = 2.
) , ,
, ,
.
2. = .
,
.
3. < .
x x .
x :
) .
) // .
) .
) .
282
4.
,

. :
)
.
) .
( - 1997).
5. ,
.
.
( - 1996).
6. .

.
7. (, R). ,
= R 2 .
, : 2 + 2 + 2 = 7R2.
8. = 2. :
2
= 3.
2
9.
.
.
:
(, 1), (, 2), (, 3)
. 1 < 2 < 3 : 22 = 13.
10. (, ),
R
, R
.
2
.
11. .
, , :
MB
AB 2
=
.
2
M
A
12. ( = 90).
.
.
283
13. ( = 90) ,
.
, .
14. ,
. H
, :
) =
) =
15. .

= . :
) .
) , , .
16. ,
x, y. .
.
17. xy .
, xy .
18. ,
.
19. ,
.
20. , xy .
xy. ,
xy .
284
285
286
:
1
. (1,5 )

, ,

, :
()
()
2 = 2 - 2
2 = .
2 = .
. (1,5 )

= 90, = 30 .
,
, :
AM
.
, , ,
2
. (2 )
) 6 cm 8 cm.
.
cm :
. 6
. 7
. 9
. 8
. 10
) 2 2 cm,
cm :
.
. 2
2
2
. 4
)
= 90 .
:
y
3
y
4
y
16
.
.
.
=
=
=
x
4
x
3
x
9
287
2
4
y
9
=
x
16
y
25
=
x
16
)
= 90 .
:
. 2 = . . 2 = .
. 2 = .
. 2 = .
A
=
2
( = 90) = 6 cm = 8 cm.
. :
) (3 )
) 2 - 2 (4 )
3

. = 60 = , :
) (4 )
) (4 )
288
1

xy
:
. (2 )
) :
.
.
. x
. yAB
BKE
2
) :
.
.
.
) :
. x
.
. . y
) , ,
:
. =
. x =
. + = 360
. + = 180
. x =
289
. (3 )
.

2
. , ,
. :
) (4 )
) (3 )
3
(, R) (, ) , . (, R)
, , (, ).
) () (4 )
) (4 )
290
: -
1
. (2,5 )
p q :
p:
q:
( ) :
) p, q
) q, p
) p, q
q, p
) ,

) ,

. (2,5 )
) :
.
.
.
.
.
) :
.
.
.
.
.

) - = 80.
:
. 90
. 100
. 110
. 120
. 130
) , ,
. .

:
. 3
. 4
. 5
. 6
. 7
291
) + = 12 cm.
cm:
. 16
. 18
. 20
. 22
. 24
2
() () =
() (). :
) (2 )
) (3 )
) (3 )
3
.

. :
) = (2,5 )
)
(2 )
) (2,5 )
292

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Y &

11. (2x + 3)0 = 1;

6. x >1 x > 1 x < - 1

14. x5 , x-5 =5-x

10. x < 1 : x-1 + x-2 x-3 :

2 < x < , x > 0

) 0 < x < 1 > (, ),

) x < 2 > 3, 3x - 2 < 0

, : 1,5 < < 3,5

5. f(x) , f (x) > 0

8. f (x) = - 3x + 4 = [-1, 2].

11. f(x)= x 2 4x + 7 f (3x) = 9x 2 12x +7.

3. = {0, 3, 5}, = {0}, = {3, 5}, = {5, 3} :

11. f (x) = 2x +1+

(-2, 2), (3, 4), (- 3, 5), (5, 1). ,

4. f (x) = x1, 0 x < 4

(3, ...), (-3, 18), ( 2 ,4) ,(1/2,)

ii) 0,5x + 0,2y = 16

ii) 5,5x - 12y = 44,65

0,2 (2x + 7y) - 1 =

22. f (x) = 2x - .3x + .

) : (D - 2)2 + (Dx - 1)2 + D2y = 0.

58. (325-409 ..)

(x, y) = (7, 0).

55. (1, 2).

20. : (x - 2) (3x - 1) = 3x2 + x + 2

31. x1, x2 x2 + 5x - 7 = 0, - x1, - x2

. g (x) = (2x + 3)2

. g (x) = (2x - 3)2

55. f (x) = x2 + x + , 0 : . < 0.

60. f (x) = x2 > 0, g (x) = -

(The Psychology of Learning Mathematics - Skemp R. . 26).

- 2 < x < 0 ..... x2 .......

. (x2 + 1) . f (x) > 0

f (x) = - x2 + x + (>) (<)

(x) . B (x) . (x) .... (x) 0

21. : 15 - x, x + 5, 2x + 10, x + 15.

The Psychology of Learning Mathematics - Skemp R, . 100.

8. = /6 rad = 2/6 rad. ;

90, - 90, 135, 210, - 240, 750, - 4/3 rad, - rad.

: 45, 90, 180, 270, 0.

6. : 0 . 90 . 180 . 270 . 360 :

3. = 0,4 0 < < 90, .

10. x > , 0 < <

18. 0 < x <

21. (>), (<) (=) :

28. 2x = 1 + 22y, 2y = 22x.

34. H = (x + x)2 + (x - x)2 :

13. 42 = 0,66. 138 222.

14. 146 = - 0,82, 34 214.

40. (-) + (-) + (180 - ) + (180 - )

0 < x1 < x2 < 180 x1 x2

) (-170), 40, (-150), (-90),

6. : 450 + 220 + 410 = 1 + 240

12. x y, 0 < x < 90 0 < y < 90.

17. : x + (x + 90) + (x + 180) + (x + 270) = 0.

18. ) : (x + 45) = (45 - x)

22. 0 < x < 90 x < x.

24. 330 = 90.

25. x = x -90 x 90.

26. 0 < x < 360 x = x x = 45 x = 225.

12. 90 < x < 180 x =

13. 180 < x < 270 x = -