Etapas de uma Completao

Instalao dos Equipamentos de Superfcie

Responsveis pela ancoragem da coluna de produo (COP), pela vedao entre a COP e o revestimento de produo e pelo controle de fluidos na superfcie.

Cabea de produo Blow Out Prevent (BOP) rvore de natal convencional (ANC) rvore de natal molhada (ANM) Operadas por mergulhador, assistidas por mergulhador, operadas sem mergulhador (profundidades maiores).

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Instalao dos Equipamentos de Superfcie

Basicamente so a instalao da:
Cabea de produo BOP

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Etapas de uma Completao

Descida do BOP
Bell Nipple

BOP

Cabea de Produo

Adaptador para Cabea de Produo Cabea de Revestimento Suspensor de Revestimento Revestimento de Produo Revestimento de Superfcie
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Etapas de uma Completao

Condicionamento do poo
So ferramentas com lminas nas laterais que servem para retirar o filme de cimento endurecido das paredes do revestimento. O corte dos tampes feito com FC e a broca descida sem jatos para permitir maior vazo. No condicionamento de liners, pode se usar ferramentas condicionadoras especficas. A coluna com raspador pode ser girada na descida, mas no deve permanecer em um s ponto por longo tempo.
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Etapas de uma Completao

Condicionamento do poo
DRILL PIPE

CONDICIONADOR DE TOPO LINER

GS

LEO

RASPADOR

GUA
BROCA

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Cimentao

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Cimentao
Objetivos:
Isolamento de zonas produtoras; Suportar e proteger o revestimento; Impedir a migrao de fluidos por trs do revestimento.

Aditivos:
(Classes / composio qumica) Acelerador de pega / NaCl e CaCl2 Retardador de pega / orgnicos metlicos Dispersantes / lignossulfonatos, etc. Controlador de filtrado / HEC, CMC, etc.
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Retrogresso / slica

Cimentao
Produo / intermedirio

Superfcie

Zonas de sal

Zonas de gs

HPHT

GUA GUA GUA DISPERSANTE RETARDADOR DE PEGA SAL RETARDADOR DE PEGA GUA

GUA

LATX ACELERADOR DE PEGA DISPERSANTE RETARDADOR DE PEGA CONTROLADOR DE FILTRADO CONTROLADOR DE FILTRADO CONTROLADOR DE FILTRADO CONTROLADOR DE PEGA

DISPERSANTE

RETARDADOR DE PEGA

SLICA

CIMENTO CIMENTO CIMENTO CIMENTO CIMENTO

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Operao de Cimentao

Preparando a pasta de cimento Homogeneizando na superfcie

Deslocando para dentro do poo

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Imperfeies na cimentao

SOLUO: squeeze

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Laboratrio de cimentao

CONSISTMETRO HPHT Alta presso e temperatura

UCA medidor ultrssnico

Funo: determinar as propriedades fsicas da pasta de cimento.

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Etapas de uma Completao

Interpretao da qualidade da cimentao

Interpretao de perfis snicos para confirmar a qualidade da cimentao primria feita durante a perfurao.

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Objetivo da perfilagem snica

A perfilagem snica a poo revestido tem como objetivos principias:

- Inferir a existncia ou no de intercomunicaes entre os intervalos de interesse; - Analisar o grau de isolamento entras as zonas de gs, leo e gua; - Verificar a aderncia do cimento ao revestimento e formao.

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Snicos

Ultra-snicos

- CBL (Cement Bond Log) Registra a amplitude da primeira chegada no receptor mais prximo do emissor.

- CET (Cement Evaluation Toll) Permite uma inspeo radial de 45 do revestimento e da cimentao.

- VDL (Variable Density Log) Registra a amplitude de todo o trem de ondas no receptor mais afastado do emissor.

- USI (Ultrasonic Imager) Alta resoluo vertical e horizontal da imagem de impedncia acstica quantificada.

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Etapas de uma Completao

Canhoneio
Tem a finalidade de comunicar o interior do poo com a formao produtora. Diferentes mtodos podem ser utilizados para criar furos em todo o poo. A exploso gera jatos de alta energia que atravessam o revestimento, o cimento e penetram at cerca de um metro na formao, criando os canais de fluxo entre a formao e o poo. As cargas moldadas so descidas dentro de canhes, que so cilindros de ao com furos nos quais se alojam as cargas. Posiciona-se o canho em frente ao intervalo desejado, e um mecanismo de disparo ativado da superfcie.
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Classificao do canhoneio
OVERBALANCE UNDERBALANCE
Canhoneio com a presso no poo menor que a presso na formao. Cria um ambiente onde o fluxo de fluido de formao pode comear imediatamente a entrar no poo. Presso positiva do poo em relao formao, exercida pelo fluido presente no poo (fluido de completao). Variao do Overbalance, e se baseia numa altssima presso no sentido do poo para a formao.

EXTREME OVERBALANCE

Vantagens: Vantagens: Desvantagens Favorvel limpeza dos detritos do canhoneio imediatamente aps a exploso, prevenindo assim o tamponamento. No deve haver contaminao da formao pelo fluido do poo. Poo totalmente completado. Compactao dos detritos da exploso nos poros da formao. Contaminao da formao. Limpeza dos tneis dos canhoneados dos resduos slidos ou depositados. Cria fraturas de pequena penetrao e alta condutividade que ultrapassem a regio danificada pelo fluido de perfurao e pelo prprio canhoneio, ampliando o raio de drenagem do poo.

Desvantagens Deformao nos revestimentos. Vantagem Desvantagem Instabilidade e colapso dos furos dos canhoneados. Produo de areia.
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No necessrio que a completao do poo esteja totalmente finalizada.

Custo

Canhoneio

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Consideraes sobre o sistema de canhoneio

Presso diferencial e fluido de completao; Geometria do canho; Resistncia a compresso; Anisotropia, espessura do reservatrio e intervalo de canhoneio; Dano a formao; Anlise do canhoneio.

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Canhoneio
CABO ELTRICO
CCL

Caractersticas: Jatos de alta energia: V = 6.000 m/s; P = 4.000.000 PSI; L = 16 /32 ; Fase: 0, 90, 120 e 180; Densidade: 4 a 1HJ/p
JATOS

CANHO

GS

LEO

GUA

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Etapas de uma Completao

Instalao da coluna de produo
Conduzir os fluidos produzidos at a superfcie, protegendo o revestimento contra fluidos agressivos e presses elevadas. Permitir instalao de equipamentos para elevao artificial. Possibilitar a circulao de fluidos para o amortecimento do poo em intervenes futuras.

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Etapas de uma Completao

Componentes Tpicos:
DSHV Tubos de produo Mandris de gs lift Junta telescpica ou TSR (Tubing Seal Receptacle) Packer Niples Shear-out

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Componentes Tpicos

Tubos de produo
Componentes bsicos da coluna; Maior custo entre os equipamentos de sub-superfcie; Seleo: dimetro interno do revestimento de produo, vazo de produo esperada, tipo de fluido a ser produzido, esforos mecnicos. Servem para o alojamento de tampes mecnicos, vlvulas de reteno ou registradores de presso; Normalmente so instalados na cauda da coluna de produo.

Nipples

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Componentes Tpicos

Packers
Tem a funo bsica de promover a vedao do espao anular entre o revestimento e a coluna de produo, com os seguintes objetivos : proteger o revestimento contra presses da formao e fluidos corrosivos; possibilitar a injeo controlada de gs (gas-lift); permitir a produo seletiva de vrias zonas por uma nica coluna de produo.
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Componentes Tpicos

Shear-out Equipamento instalado na extremidade da coluna de produo; Tamponamento temporrio da coluna;

Hydro-trip Tambm serve para o tamponamento temporrio da coluna; No permiti a passagem plena na coluna aps rompimento da sede.

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Sliding Sleeve

Estabelecem comunicao entre seo anular e interior da coluna;

Utilizada em completaes seletivas.

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Componentes Tpicos

TSR (Tubing Seal Receptacle)

Ferramenta de desconexo da coluna; usado para absorver a expanso ou contrao da coluna de produo, causadas pelas variaes de temperaturas sofridas quando da produo ou injeo de fluidos. So componentes da coluna de produo que servem para alojar as vlvulas que permitem a circulao de gs do espao anular para a coluna de produo.

Mandril de gs lift

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Etapas de uma Completao

Colocao do poo em produo
Surgncia dos fluidos na superfcie pode ser induzida:

Por vlvulas de gas-lift (injeo de gs no anular e da para a coluna); Pelo flexitubo (injeo de gs pelo flexitubo, no interior da coluna); Pela substituio do fluido na coluna por outro mais leve; Por pistoneio (retirada gradativa de fluido do poo, atravs de um pisto descido a cabo).

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