Q.

Design a BPR such that the objective of supplying electricity to

all concerned at affordable price could be adhered to while
maintaining healthy growth.
Ans.

BPR is an organizational change method used to redesign an organization to

drive improved efficiency, effectiveness, and economy.

PERCENTAGE TRANSFORMATION, TRANSMISSION AND

DISTRIBUTION LOSSES (INCLUDING ENERGY
UNACCOUNTED FOR) IN STATES/UNION TERRITORIES (UTS)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

STATES/UTs
Haryana
Himachal
J&K
Punjab
Rajasthan
UP
Uttaranchal
Chandigarh
Delhi
BBMB
Gujarat
MP
Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
D&N Haveli
Goa
Daman&Diu
AP
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamilnadu
Lakshadweep
Pondicherry

1990-91
27.49
20.96
42.96
19.26
25.76
27.13

1991-92
26.79
19.81
50.08
21.75
23.07
26.13

1992-93
26.78
19.98
48.13
19.61
22.71
24.68

1993-94
25.00
18.80
46.37
19.70
24.85
24.37

1994-95
30.80
19.17
50.07
17.19
24.65
21.87

1995-96
32.39
16.41
49.03
18.32
29.29
22.75

1996-97
32.77
18.42
49.97
18.95
25.88
25.06

1997-98
34.04
20.22
51.34
18.79
26.42
26.47

1998-99
35.33
26.35
47.97
17.98
29.41
30.28

1999-00
38.28
22.76
45.04
18.32
30.33
40.37

2000-01
39.82
23.38
45.39
26.58
29.76
36.94

23.72
24.93
4.43
23.44
17.98

29.64
24.66
4.33
23.56
25.82

26.21
24.02
3.52
22.20
22.52

27.27
32.54
3.64
20.81
21.78

28.44
35.08
4.05
20.87
20.75

33.72
49.57
3.85
21.03
19.27

21.88
49.64
3.12
21.42
20.59

22.38
48.51
3.84
24.41
20.94

22.48
50.54
4.47
25.34
21.05

24.70
46.67
4.14
25.34
33.67

25.41
44.27
4.32
28.14
46.07

18.26
17.69
24.97
16.85
22.93
20.17
22.36
17.98
18.62
19.2

18.61
19.66
23.78
15.9
20.25
19.93
22.47
18.44
17.43

18.51
17.98
21.85
15.67
20.65
19.62
22.77
17.30
18.72
18 15.31

17.83
12.64
24.50
22.34
20.21
19.49
20.52
16.99
16.99
15.80

17.47
11.35
26.87
16.30
18.05
19.35
20.81
17.12
17.84
15.00

18.21
9.31
26.06
12.80
19.58
19.15
21.48
16.13
17.23
16.54

17.72
8.80
23.50
8.15
33.09
18.86
21.37
17.22
15.11
17.38

18.04
12.90
31.02
14.69
32.28
19.06
19.12
17.06
15.70
13.56

17.82
15.37
30.40
21.83
33.56
30.57
17.69
16.75
12.78
10.44

29.20
31.69
27.56
11.33
37.65
37.31
17.76
17.01
10.13
12.25

33.81
39.84
28.70
11.38
36.63
34.93
18.44
15.72
6.71
7.93

2001-02
39.22
25.55
48.85
27.70
43.06
37.62
32.39
24.97
43.97
4.81
26.87
44.55
33.75
37.28
27.22
25.18
7.52
26.81
33.83
32.21
16.06
10.94
12.00

2002-03
37.65
21.16
45.55
24.42
42.61
34.16
25.17
24.06
45.82
5.20
28.52
43.31
37.86
34.01
40.26
40.26
14.95
30.11
24.57
27.45
17.31
11.29
21.10

2003-04
32.07
22.76
45.54
25.96
43.74
35.17
49.23
39.06
43.66
1.22
24.20
41.44
42.55
34.12
15.10
45.05
16.88
27.73
23.29
21.63
17.16
11.85
11.60

2004-05
32.11
28.9
41.08
25.42
44.68
34.39
39.3
30.37
45.4
0.98
30.43
41.3
28.06
32.4
16.00
35.97
15.56
23.96
26.08
22.48
19.28
10.20
18.15

COMMERCIAL PROFIT/LOSS (WITHOUT SUBSIDY) OF STATE

POWER UTILITIES
States
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Delhi
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Meghalaya
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Uttranchal
West Bengal
All India

1992-93
-4
-205
-280
-207
-519
-404

1993-94
-23
-197
-190

1994-95
-981
-255
-189

1995-96
-1255
-261
-211

1997-98
-1376
-439
-495

1998-99
-2679
-322
-605

1999-00
-3117
-214
-511

2000-01
-2559
-379
-670

-626
-952
-635
-19
-507

-760
-1364
-765
-33
-661

-1039
-2039
-704
-88
-835

-1103
-3778
-1247
-206
-793

-1055
-3920
-1960
-92
-990

-225

-493
-507
2 -51
-293

-19
-65
-493
162
-8
-85
-626
-260
-258
-808

-2
-75
-377
189
-3
-196
-693
-415
-302
-1202

-164
-129
-594
276
-21
-136
-681
-412
-2
-1152

-502
-183
-602
-408
-20
-231
-644
-430
-77
-1136

-652
-208
-464
-92
-15
-375
-603
-498
-257
-3378

-322
-199
-1058
-11
-26
-392
-943
-640
-296
-3692

-847
-411
-2655
160
-50
-538
-1354
-1331
-741
-3692

-975
-646
-3151
-1479
-53
-187
-2113
-1899
-1442
-2596

-1675
-1129
-3264
-1404
-44
-216
-1477
615
-1447
-2534

-258
-4560

-231
-5060

-339
-6125

-322
-8770

-398
-11305

-492
-13963

-1089
-20860

-842
-26353

-1059
-25259

-550
-468
19
-347

0 -578
-1003
-554
11
-363

1996-97
-939
-244
-442

2001-02
-2948
-696
-896
204
-1092
-3146
-948
-107
-703
-255
-1870
-1254
-1703
-540
-34
-261
-1868
-1324
-5174
-2518
-26
-1706
-29331

2002-03
-1232
-776
-966
643
-803
-2267
-803
-52
-1089
-462
-1599
-935
-835
-255
-52
-944
-1386
-1739
-2100
-2374
23
-914
-21193

2003-04
-1579
-656
-987
561
-1781
-3031
-785
-46
-989
-730
-1315
-916
-667
-549
64
193
-663
-1777
-1360
-2116
-40
-296
-19722

REASONS FOR REFORMS

Investment requirements exceed the national capacities
The performance of the infrastructure sector has not met the international
standards
The managerial and the technical resources were inadequate
Innovations in technology have been enormous
New approaches of economy (privatisation and independent regulation)
were ignored
Limited coverage and quality of infrastructure sector has not been able to
catch the global competitiveness
Power deficit
Inefficient Staff

2004-05
-1194
-1081
-1122
370
-812
-2125
-1449
-37
-1080
-1183
-1107
-239
-764
-804
-9
303
-1520
-2037
-2030
-3624
-179
-275
-22129

 High T&D losses

Unaccounted theft
The vision of the company states that To provide quantitative and qualitative
un-interruptive supply of electricity to consumers at an economical price with
effective and efficient use of resources.
To accomplish the vision an action plan is needed for maintaining healthy
growth:
Introduction of competition
Competitive bidding
PPP(Public Private Partnership)
De-licensed generation
Promotion of competition in distribution sector
Unbundling - Transmission, Distribution and Generation
Reduction in T&D losses
Complete Metering
MIS(Management Information System),SCADA(Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition)
Open Access
Encourage IPP(Independent Power Project) and CPP(Captive Power
Plant)
Energy Security Renewable Source of energy

Q. Prepare a plan and then draw a programme for

implementation of the designed BPR.
Ans.
Plan for the implementation of BPR
Project has its impact on
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
Development through investments, technology and manpower of the
foreign investors
Elimination of Cross-Subsidy
Encouraging Private Players
Improvement of Plant load Efficiency

IMPLEMENTATION MODEL
Step 1
Establish BPR/ HPO
Project Plan

Step 2
Conduct
Preliminary
Planning

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Develop Business
Case

Implement
Business Case

Track and Validate

MSO Performance