Management is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and can cooperate towards attainment of group goals

Managemen t

is a purposive activity that directs group efforts towards the attainment of

certain pre - determined goals.

It is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the The term
Proce ss

organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world. emphasizes the on-going nature of management that is an activity over varying span of time. The dynamic nature in simple terms means that change in organizational life. In managing organizations, managers create changes and implement them successfully in their organizations.

As a process, management consists of three aspects :

1. Management is a social process - Human factor is the most important among the other

factors, therefore management is concerned with developing relationship among people. It is the duty of management to make interaction between people - productive and useful for obtaining organizational goals.
2. Management is an integrating process - Management undertakes the job of bringing

together human physical and financial resources so as to achieve organizational purpose. Therefore, is an important function to bring harmony between various factors.
3. Management is a continuous process - It is a never ending process. It is concerned with

constantly identifying the problem and solving them by taking adequate steps. It is an ongoing process. When focus is on co-ordination in organizations
Coordination is essential and management involves securing and maintaining this

coordination.
This coordination effort is a process of designing and maintaining an environment in

which, individuals, working together in groups efficiently and effectively accomplish group goals.

 It is an organization of coordinated activities.

Coordination involves organisation of activities, which involves achievement of common

goals by establishing certain relationships among the available resources. Resources include men, material, money, method and machine. Thus, the essence of management is coordination / integration of all these various organizations resources. Management is the brain of an organisation The reasons are as follows:

It takes decisions at every moment. Management facilitates cooperation of the activities of an organisation in a meaningful manner. It involves utilisation of physical, human and other required resources in a proper way through certain techniques and skills. An organisation becomes a functioning system only when management utilises the resources in a systematic way. It is primary task of the management to shape the organization and make the resources productive so that the organisation may get optimum benefit. All human organization need management, whether they are government departments, educational bodies, hospitals or business enterprises. Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning & regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc.