lN1kOuuc1lON

8rakes are deslgned Lo slow down Lhe vehlcle 1he common mlsconcepLlon ls
LhaL Lhe brakes squeeze agalnsL a dlsk and Lhe pressure of Lhe squeezlng acLlon
slows down Lhe vehlcle 1hls ls only a parL of Lhe reason why Lhe vehlcle slows
down 8rakes are essenLlally a mechanlsm Lo change energy Lypes When we
are Lravelllng aL speed our vehlcle has klneLlc energy When we apply Lhe
brakes Lhe pads LhaL press agalnsL Lhe brake converLs LhaL energy lnLo Lhermal
energy vla frlcLlon 1he coollng of Lhe brakes dlsslpaLes heaL and Lhe vehlcle
slows down 1hls ls all Lo do wlLh Lhe flrsL law of Lhermodynamlcs whlch sLaLes
LhaL energy can nelLher be creaLed nor desLroyed ln Lhe casa of brakes lL ls
converLed from klneLlc energy Lo Lhermal energy
When Lhe brakes are applled by pushlng down on Lhe braklng pedal a fluld
flows Lhrough Lubes or brake llnes Lo Lhe brake mechanlsm aL Lhe wheels 1he
brake mechanlsms apply force on roLaLlng parLs of Lhe wheels are sLopped or
slowed ln Lhe dlsc brake Lhe fluld pushes llne brake pads agalnsL Lhe roLaLlng
dlsc 1he frlcLlon beLween Lhe pad and Lhe dlsc produces Lhe braklng acLlon
LhaL sLops Lhe wheels
Why D|sc 8rakes?
O 1he frlcLlon surfaces ln a dlsc brake are dlrecLly exposed Lo Lhe coollng
alr whereas ln Lhe drum Lype Lhe frlcLlon occurs on Lhe lnLernal
surfaces from whlch heaL can be dlsslpaLed only afLer lL has passed by
conducLlon Lhrough Lhe drum
O 1he frlcLlon pads ln case of dlsc brakes are flaL compared Lo Lhe curved
ones ln drum Lype Lhus Lhere ls unlform wear ln Lhe llnlngs of Lhe dlsc
brake frlcLlon pads
O lsc brakes have a slmple deslgn compared Lo LhaL of drum brakes due
Lo whlch a) servlclng Lhe brakes ls easler b) changlng frlcLlon pads ls
easler and c) lL welghs less
O dlsc brakes also perform beLLer ln weL weaLher because cenLrlfugal
force Lends Lo fllng waLer off Lhe brake dlsc and keep lL dry whereas
drum brakes wlll collecL some waLer on Lhe lnslde surface where Lhe
brake shoes conLacL Lhe drums



8rake Ca|cu|at|on

1hls ls Lhe vehlcle movlng aL v
o
As a resulL of Lhls a frlcLlonal force wlll be
acLlng on lL l 1he sLopplng dlsLance can be Laken as d
now Lhe frlcLlon force of Lhe road musL do enough work on Lhe car Lo reduce
lLs klneLlc energy Lo zero
1o reduce Lhe klneLlc energy Lo zero
WorkfrlcLlon mgd 03mv
0
2
1herefore d v
o
2
/2g
Conslderlng Lhe veloclLy of our vehlcle Lo be v
0
30 km/hr
LeL Lhe frlcLlon of road be 090
d 109 m
cce|erat|on of the veh|c|e
v
o
2
u
2
+ 2ad

Where a ls Lhe acceleraLlon of Lhe vehlcle
a v
o
2
/2d
1herefore a 884 m/s
1oLal force acLlng on Lhe vehlcle
l
LoLal
m
v
* a
Where m
v
ls Lhe mass of Lhe vehlcle 300 kg
l
LoLal
300*884 4420n
lorce on each wheel
l
1
l
LoLal
/4 4420/4
l
1
1103n
@orque on the t|re
1
r
l
1
* r
Llre

r
Llre
2043 cm(general dlmenslon of car)
1
r
1103*2043/1002333 nm
@orque on d|sc
1
dlsc
l
frlcLlon
*r
effecLlve

here dlsc ls assumed Lo be 480 mm Lherefore r
effecLlve
should be 24 cm
we know LhaL 1
dlsc
1
Llre

l
frlcLlon
*0242333 nm
l
frlcLlon
106373n
lorce on Lhe clamp
l
clamp
l
frlcLlon
/ 106373/09 11819 n
Iorce on the ca|||per
lcallper lclamp/2
lcallper 11819/2 39093 n
ressure on the ca||per
ressure on Lhe callper l
callper
/area
39093/0029
20377 n/cm2
ressure on master cy||nder
ressure on masLer cyllnder l
brake pedal
/Area of masLer cyllnder
here masLer cyllnder used ls of MaruLl Suzukl
area of masLer cyllnder n*23*23 19633cm
2

20377 l
brake pedal
/19633
lorce on brake pedal 40n

















From the above figure the dynamic weight acting is calculated as





CaIcuIating Dynamic Weight Transfer
fs Wb
Ht W
df
W D W
cg t
L
L
WEGHT DSTRBUTON OF VEHCLE AT REST :
CG HEGHT: THE HGHER T S THE MORE WEGHT GETS TRANSFERRED DURNG A
STOP.
WHEEL BASE: THE SHORTER T S THE MORE WEGHT GETS TRANSFERRED
DURNG BRAKNG.