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Registers
CPE 49 RMUTI KORAT
Capability to shift bits In one or both directions Why? Part of standard CPU instruction set Cheap multiplication Serial communications 0000 Just a chain of flip-flops
0101 0011
0001
0010
0110
1001
1110
1011
1010
Copyright 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc. Digital Design Principles and Practices, 3/e
1100
1111
1101
Applications
To produce time delay
The serial in -serial out shift register can be used as a time delay device. The amount of delay can be controlled by: - the number of stages in the register - the clock frequency
Applications
To convert serial data to parallel data
A computer or microprocessor-based system commonly requires incoming data to be in parallel format. But frequently, these systems must communicate with external devices that send or receive serial data. So, serial-toparallel conversion is required. As shown in the previous sections, a serial in - parallel out register can achieve this.
Symbol
Parallel Load
Can provide parallel outputs from flip-flops And also parallel inputs
Schematic
Schematic
Schematic next
Serial Transfer
Parallel transfer over as many wires as word (for example) Serial transfer over a single wire
Trade time for wires Takes n times longer
Example
Clocked 4 times
Serial Addition
Initially reset all registers Register A accumulates Adds one bit at a time At same time, new value going into B
Hardware Comparison
Serial vs. parallel adder One full adder vs. n adders Serial takes n units of time, parallel only one
Arbitrary Count
One more type of counter is useful Count an arbitrary sequence
Maybe you need a sequence of states
Shift Registers
N-bit register with the provision for shifting its stored data by a bit position each tick of the clock. Serial input specifies a new bit to shifted into the register. Serial output specifies the bits being shifted out of the register
SERIN CLOCK
D CK Q
References
D CK Q
D CK
Copyright 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc. Digital Design Principles and Practices, 3/e