OBSERVE BACTERIA SHAPE

I. Introduction
Bacteria are a group oI organisms that has very small dimension. Bacteria measure
0,5-1 in width by 10 in length. That means also this microorganism is thin so that
translucent. Finally in microscope not clear appear and diIIicult to see. To see bacteria
clearly, the body necessary loaded with color substance, this coloration is called bacteria
painting. For that the importance oI we study how to simple painting manner in bacteria.

II. Problem Definition
1. Move or doesn`t that bacteria whom you observe? Why?
2. What is Iunction oI Iixation treatment in observe bacteria shape?
3. What is bacteria shapes Iound on rotten potato?
4. What is bacteria shapes Iound on rotten coconut water?
5. What is bacteria shapes Iound on rotten rice?
6. What is bacteria shapes Iound on rotten milk?
7. How many bacteria shape whom you perceive?

III. Aim
Observe various bacteria shape it Iound in Iood or Iruit that rotten.

IV. Hypothesis
1. The bacteria that we observe don`t move because the bacteria had died.
2. The Iunctions oI Iixation treatment in observe bacteria shape is to kill bacteria so the
bacteria don`t move when we observe.
3. The bacteria shapes Iound on rotten potato is streptobacil.
4. The bacteria shapes Iound on rotten coconut water is
5. The bacteria shapes Iound on rotten rice is
6. The bacteria shapes Iound on rotten milk is
7. There are bacteria that we perceive.

V. Theoretical Foundation
Bakteri mempunyai peranan yang menguntungkan dan merugikan bagi kehidupan
manusia. Peranan yang menguntungkan di bidang pertanian, seperti Rhizobium
leguminosorum dan Azotobacter untuk Iiksasi nitrogen, Nitrosomonas,
Nitrosococcus, dan Nitrobacter untuk menyuburkan tanah. Di bidang Iermentasi
makanan, antara lain Acetobacter xylinium untuk membuat nata de coco.
Sedangkan, peranan yang merugiakn seperti penyebab penyakit, anata lain
Mycobacterium tubercolosis (TBC), Salmonella typhosa (TiIus) dan Shigella
dysentriae (Disentri).

Bacteria are a large domain oI single-cell, prokaryote microorganisms. Typically
a Iewmicrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range oI shapes, ranging
Irom spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in everyhabitat on Earth,
growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, water, and deep in
the Earth's crust, as well as in organic matter and the live bodies oI plants and
animals. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram oI soil and a
million bacterial cells in a millilitre oI Iresh water; in all, there are approximately
Iive nonillion bacteria on Earth Iorming a biomass on Earth, which exceeds that oI
all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many steps
in nutrient cycles depending on these organisms, such as the Iixation oI
nitrogen Irom the atmosphere and putreIaction. Most bacteria have not been
characterised, and only about halI oI the phyla oI bacteria have species that can
be grown in the laboratory. The study oI bacteria is known asbacteriology, a
branch oI microbiology.
There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human Ilora as
there are human cells in the body, with large numbers oI bacteria on the skin and
as gut Ilora. The vast majority oI the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by
the protective eIIects oI the immune system, and a Iew are beneIicial. However, a
Iew species oI bacteria are pathogenic and cause inIectious diseases,
including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most
common Iatal bacterial diseases are respiratory inIections, with tuberculosis alone
killing about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan AIrica. In developed
countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial inIections and in agriculture,
so antibiotic resistance is becoming common. In industry, bacteria are important
insewage treatment, the production oI cheese and yogurt through Iermentation, as
well as in biotechnology, and the manuIacture oI antibiotics and other chemicals.
Once regarded as plants constituting the Class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now
classiIied as prokaryotes. Unlike cells oI animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial
cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles.
Although the term bacteriatraditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientiIic
classiIication changed aIter the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist oI
two very diIIerent groups oI organisms that evolved independently Irom an
ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria
and Archaea.

VI. Instrument and Material
Instrument: Material:
1. Dropping pipette 4 pcs 1. Boiled potato that kept during 4 days
2. Tweezers 1 pcs 2. Coconut water that depraved during 4 days
3. Inoculation needle 1 pcs 3. Rice that depraved during 4 days
4. Bunsen 1 pcs 4. Cow milk that depraved during 4 days
5. Microscope 4 pcs 5. Tomato that depraved during 4 days
6. Object glass 4 pcs 6. Methylen Blue solution
7. Cover glass 4 pcs 7. Alcohol 70
8. Cotton or tissue suIIicient
9. Wood pincers 2 pcs

VII. Working Procedure:
1. Cleaned the object glass with cotton (tissue) that has wetted with alcohol.
2. Inoculation needle sterilize by Bunsen burner until red-hot.
3. Then, touch with sterile needle at part colony oI bacteria appears as mucus spot on
boiled potato that kept during 4 days, than dab in object glass according to Ilatly.
4. Do Iixation by heated quickly above Iire Ilame until 3 times successive with time
diIIerence 1 second.
5. Then, dropped the 2ethylen blue on bacterial preparation which you have made and
let during 2-3 minutes.
6. Wash that preparation with water Ilowing, so that 2ethylen blue was lost.
7. Drying the preparation on air oI Ilowed.
8. Put that prepared glass in the prepared table on microscope.
9. First use weak magniIication, then strong magniIication.
10.Check the shape oI bacteria that appear, adjust to Iigure in literature or reIerence
books.
11.Then repeat step number 1 until 10 Ior material coconut water, rice, and cow milk that
depraved during 4 days.

VIII. Obsercation Data
Table Observation Bacteria Shape
No. Prepared
Name
Manual
Picture
Photo Picture
(HP/camera digital)
Literature Picture
(Books or
internet/journal)
1.
Boiled
Potato



2.
Coconut
Water

3. Rice
4. Cow Milk




IX. Discussion
Setelah melakukan penelitian mengenai berragam bentuk bakteri yang terdapat pada
makanan dan buah-buahan basi kelompok kami mendiskusikan hasil kerja kami.
Bakteri memiliki cirri kosmopolit yang artinya dapat hidup dan ditemukan dimana
saja. Terutama pada makanan yang sudah membusuk. Makanan busuk menjadi media
tumbuh dan berkembang bakteri yang sangat baik.
Bakteri memiliki bebarapa bentuk-bentuk dasar yaitu bentuk bulat (coccus),
batang (basil), dan koma. Baragam bentuk bakteri ini dapat dengan mudah ditemukan
pada makanan yang telah membusk.
Maka dalam penelitian kami menemukan dua dari ketiga jenis bakteri tersebut,
yaitu streptobasil, monobasil, dan streptococcus. Ketika jenis bakteri tersebut kami
temukan dalam media susu basi, nasi basi, air kelapa basi, dan kentang rebus basi.
Hal ini menegaskan bahwa bakteri yang ditemukan dalam berbagai media memiliki
beragam bentuk.

Conclusion
Bacteria has various shape and bacteria that Iound at rotten milk media, rotten
coconut, rotten rice, and rotten boiled potato has diIIerent shape.


X. Reference
Nurhayati N. 2007 Biologi Bilingual Untuk SMA/Ma Kelas X. Jakarta. Hal 90.
R. Gunawan Susilowarno, R. Sapto Hartono, Mulyadi. Th. Enik Mutiarsih,
Martiningsih, Umiyati. BIOLOGI Untuk SMA/MA kelas X Jakarta. Hal 70.
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streptobasil