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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from GPRS core network) Jump to: navigation, search The GPRS core network is the central part of the General Packet Radio Service which allows 2G, 3G and WCDMA mobile networks to transmit IP packets to external networks such as the Internet. The GPRS system is an integrated part of the GSM network switching subsystem.
Contents
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1 General support functions 2 GPRS tunnelling protocol (GTP) 3 GPRS support nodes (GSN) o 3.1 Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) o 3.2 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 3.2.1 Common SGSN Functions 3.2.2 GSM/EDGE specific SGSN functions 3.2.3 WCDMA specific SGSN functions 4 Access point 5 PDP Context 6 Reference points and interfaces o 6.1 Interfaces in the GPRS network 7 See also 8 References 9 External links
GPRS core structure The GPRS core network provides mobility management, session management and transport for Internet Protocol packet services in GSM and WCDMA networks. The core network also provides support for other additional functions such as billing and lawful interception. It was also proposed, at one stage, to support packet radio services in the US D-AMPS TDMA system, however, in practice, all of these networks have been converted to GSM so this option has become irrelevant. Like GSM in general, GPRS module is an open standards driven system. The standardization body is the 3GPP.
setup and deletion of PDP contexts verification of GSN reachability updates; e.g., as subscribers move from one SGSN to another.
GTP' for transfer of charging data from GSNs to the charging function. GGSNs and SGSNs (collectively known as GSNs) listen for GTP-C messages on UDP port 2123 and for GTP-U messages on port 2152. This communication happens within a single network or many, in the case of international roaming, happen internationally, typically across a GPRS roaming exchange (GRX). The Charging Gateway Function (CGF) listens to GTP' messages sent from the GSNs on TCP or UDP port 3386. The core network sends charging information to the CGF, typically including PDP context activation times and the quantity of data which the end user has transferred. However, this communication which occurs within one network is less standardized and may,
depending on the vendor and configuration options, use proprietary encoding or even an entirely proprietary system. GTP version zero supports both signalling and user data under one generic header. It can be used with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) on the registered port 3386. GTP version one is used only on UDP. The control plane protocol GTP-C (Control) using registered port 2123 and the user plane protocol GTP-U (User) using registered port 2152.
Detunnel GTP packets from the GGSN (downlink) Tunnel IP packets toward the GGSN (uplink) Carry out mobility management as Standby mode mobile moves from one Routing Area to another Routing Area Billing user data
[edit] GSM/EDGE specific SGSN functions Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) specific SGSN functions and characteristics are:
Maximum data rate of approx. 60 kbit/s (150 kbit/s for EDGE) per subscriber Connect via frame relay or IP to the Packet Control Unit using the Gb protocol stack Accept uplink data to form IP packets Encrypt down-link data, decrypt up-link data Carry out mobility management to the level of a cell for connected mode mobiles
Carry up to about 42 Mbit/s traffic downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s traffic uplink (HSPA+) Tunnel/detunnel downlink/uplink packets toward the radio network controller (RNC) Carry out mobility management to the level of an RNC for connected mode mobiles
These differences in functionality have led some manufacturers to create specialist SGSNs for each of WCDMA and GSM which do not support the other networks, whilst other manufacturers have succeeded in creating both together, but with a performance cost due to the compromises required.
A set of settings which are used for that connection A particular option in a set of settings in a mobile phone
When a GPRS mobile phone sets up a PDP context, the access point is selected. At this point an access point name (APN) is determined Example: aricenttechnologies.mnc012.mcc345.gprs Example: Internet Example: mywap Example: hcl.cisco.ggsn This access point is then used in a DNS query to a private DNS network. This process (called APN resolution) finally gives the IP address of the GGSN which should serve the access point. At this point a PDP context can be activated.
Subscriber's IP address Subscriber's IMSI Subscriber's o Tunnel Endpoint ID (TEID) at the GGSN o Tunnel Endpoint ID (TEID) at the SGSN
The Tunnel Endpoint ID (TEID) is a number allocated by the GSN which identifies the tunnelled data related to a particular PDP context. Several PDP contexts may use the same IP address. The Secondary PDP Context Activation procedure may be used to activate a PDP context while reusing the PDP address and other PDP context information from an already active PDP context, but with a different QoS profile.[1] Note that the procedure is called secondary, not the resulting PDP contexts that have no such relationship with the one the PDP address of which they reused. A total of 11 PDP contexts (with any combination of primary and secondary) can co-exist. NSAPI are used to differentiate the different PDP context.
Within the GPRS core network standards there are a number of interfaces and reference points (logical points of connection which probably share a common physical connection with other reference points). Some of these names can be seen in the network structure diagram on this page.
Gx The on-line policy interface between the GGSN and the charging rules function (CRF). It is used for provisioning service data flow based on charging rules. Uses the diameter protocol. Gy The on-line charging interface between the GGSN and the online charging system (OCS). Uses the diameter protocol (DCCA application). Gz The off-line (CDR-based) charging interface between the GSN and the CG. Uses GTP'. Lg The interface between the SGSN and the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), used for location based services.