CAESAR II STATIC LOAD CASE EDITOR

Loren Brown SeniorEngineer/Developer CADWorx&AnalysisSolutions & l l IntergraphProcess,Power, &Marine

CONTACTUS CONTACT US
Feedback: Elvira Ballard@Intergraph com Feedback:Elvira.Ballard@Intergraph.com S Suggestions:Loren.Brown@Intergraph.com i @ h TechnicalSupport: pp @ g p coadetechsupport@intergraph.com

TYPESOFLOADS TYPES OF LOADS

Primary Loads Force driven cause PrimaryLoads Forcedriven,cause catastrophicfailure.
Weight Pressure Point Loads Uniform Loads Weight,Pressure,PointLoads,UniformLoads, HangerLoads,WindandWaveloads.

Secondary Loads Strain based cause fatigue SecondaryLoads Strainbased,causefatigue failure.

Temperature Displacements Temperature,Displacements.

AVAILABLELOADTYPESINCAESARII AVAILABLE LOAD TYPES IN CAESAR II

W(Weight),WNC(WeightNoContents) W (Weight), WNC (Weight No Contents) WW(WaterfilledWeight) P(Pressure),HP(HydrotestPressure) P (Pressure) HP (Hydrotest Pressure) T(Temperature),D(Displacement) H(HangerPreloads),F(ConcentratedLoads) H (H P l d ) F (C t t dL d ) U(UniformLoads) Win(Wind),Wav(WaveandCurrent) CS(CutShortorCutLong)

AvailableStressTypesinCAESARII Available Stress Types in CAESAR II

OPE Operating OPE Operating SUS Sustained EXP Expansion i OCC Occasional HYD Hydrotest HGR HangerDesign HGR Hanger Design FAT Fatigue

LoadCaseDefinition Load Case Definition

Operating case contains all loads in the Operatingcasecontainsallloadsinthe system.
L1 = W+P1+T1+H (OPE) this is called a basic load case L1=W+P1+T1+H(OPE)thisiscalledabasicloadcase

SustainedCasecontainsonlyprimaryloads.
L2 W P1 H (SUS) anotherbasicloadcase L2=W+P1+H(SUS)

ExpansionCaseisthedifferencebetweenthe operatingandsustainedcases.
L3=L1L2(EXP)thisiscalledacombinationloadcase

CombinationLoadCases Combination Load Cases

Used to add or subtract results from Usedtoaddorsubtractresultsfrom previouslydefinedprimitiveloadcases. Necessary for proper EXP and OCC code stress NecessaryforproperEXPandOCCcodestress definition. N Notusedforrestraintorequipmentload df i i l d definition,norfordisplacementreporting.

WhysubtractSUSfromOPE? Why subtract SUS from OPE?

Why not simply use L3 = T1 (EXP)? WhynotsimplyuseL3=T1(EXP)?
Becausetherestraintconfigurationmayresultin anincorrectsolution. an incorrect solution Nonlinearrestraintsdrivetherestraint configuration. Otherloadsinthesystemcombinetochangethe restraintconfiguration. g

NonlinearRestraints Nonlinear Restraints

Stiffness of Restraint changes depending on StiffnessofRestraintchangesdependingon positionofpipeorforcesonrestraint. Examples: Examples:
UnidirectionalRestraints(+Y) G Gapsinrestraints i i Friction Largerotationrods BilinearRestraints

Forcevs.DistanceinNonlinear Restraints

Example1:T1(EXP) Example 1: T1 (EXP)

L3=T1(EXP)

This is how th li i modeled i Thi i h the line is d l d in Caesar II. The gaps are equal on both sides of the pipe. No loads are yet applied.

The thermal forces have closed the gap on the right side.

TotalDisplacementforT1(EXP)=1xGap

Example2:L1 L2(EXP) Example 2: L1 L2 (EXP)

L2=W+P1(SUS) L1=W+P1+T1(OPE)

Weight has caused the pipe to close the gap to the left. This can happen when the pipe pivots about a different restraint.

Operating conditions have caused the pipe to close the gap to the right, even against the weight force trying to hold it on the left.

Example2(con t) Example 2 (cont)

If we subtract the displacements of the SUS IfwesubtractthedisplacementsoftheSUS casefromOPEweget:
Total Displacement for L1 L2 = 2 x Gap TotalDisplacementforL1L2=2xGap InalinearsystemT1(EXP)=L1 L2(EXP) In a nonlinear system this is not guaranteed Inanonlinearsystemthisisnotguaranteed. Thisrepresentstheeffectoftemperatureinthe presenceofotherloads. presence of other loads Thisisadisplacementstressrange,notstarting fromtheneutralposition. from the neutral position

OccasionalLoadCases Occasional Load Cases

For most piping codes (not the offshore Formostpipingcodes(nottheoffshore codes):
Set up an OPE case that includes the occasional SetupanOPEcasethatincludestheoccasional load Subtract the standard OPE case from the OPE that SubtractthestandardOPEcasefromtheOPEthat includestheoccasionalload.Wecallthisthe segregatedoccasionalloadcase. AddtheaboveloadcaseresultstotheSUSload caseresultsforthecodestresscheck

Example3:OccasionalLoadCases Example 3: Occasional Load Cases

Assumewehaveauniformloadrepresentinga ssu e e a e a u o oad ep ese t g a seismicload,U1.
L1=W+P1+T1 L2=W+P1 L3=W+P1+T1+U1 L4=L1L2 L4 L1 L2 L5=L3L1 L6=L2+L5 L6 = L2+L5 (OPE)standardoperating (SUS) (OPE)operatingwithoccasionalload (EXP) ( X ) (OCC)segregatedoccasional (OCC) (OCC) *occasionalcodestresscase i l d t

*usescalarcombinationmethod.

CombinationMethods Combination Methods

Algebraic: g
Usedforsubtractingtwoloadcases. Takesthedisplacementsfromthereferencedcases andsubtractsthem. and subtracts them Thencomputesforces,moments,andresultantstress fromthesedisplacements.

Scalar:
Usedforaddingtwoloadcases. Adds the stresses from the two referenced load cases Addsthestressesfromthetworeferencedloadcases. Unlikealgebraicthestressesarenotrecomputedfrom displacements.

Notesoncombinationmethods Notes on combination methods

Dont use algebraic for adding two load cases Don tusealgebraicforaddingtwoloadcases.
Youcanttakecreditforoccasionalloadsacting oppositetooperatingloads. opposite to operating loads

Dontusescalarforsubtractingtwocases.
This results in a lower code stress than actual Thisresultsinalowercodestressthanactual.

OutputTypes Output Types

Displacement
Usuallyreportedonlyforbasicloadcases

Force
Usuallyreportedonlyforbasicloadcases

Stress
Reportedbasedoncoderequirements.

Example4 RestraintLoads Example 4 Restraint Loads

Thealgebraicdifferencebetweenthesetwoconditionswillresultinapositive p forceontherestraint.Thisisanimpossiblecondition.ButtheEXPcodestressis correctlycomputedforthiscondition.

Whattoreport What to report

Suppress the HGR cases and the segregated SuppresstheHGRcasesandthesegregated occasionalloadcases. Report displacement, force for all primitive Reportdisplacement,forceforallprimitive loadcases. Dont report stress for the operating load Don treportstressfortheoperatingload cases.
Thisisnottrueforoffshorecodes,norFRPcodes, , , norburiedpipecodes.

Reportonlystressforcombinationloadcases.

UsingtheHotModulusofElasticity Using the Hot Modulus of Elasticity

It is required to use the cold modulus of Itisrequiredtousethecoldmodulusof elasticityforstresscomputation. You can reduce restraint loads by use of the Youcanreducerestraintloadsbyuseofthe hotmodulusofelasticity. C CreateidenticalOPEcases,onewithhot id i l OPE i hh modulusforrestraintloads,andonewithcold modulusforuseinthecombinationwithSUS d l f i h bi i i h SUS fordeterminingEXPstress.

UsingtheFrictionMultiplier Using the Friction Multiplier

Friction Multiplier acts on the Mu value FrictionMultiplieractsontheMuvalue enteredoneachrestraintinthemodel. Input 0 0 for no friction and 1 0 for full Input0.0fornofrictionand1.0forfull friction. C Createidenticalloadcases,butchangethe id i l l d b h h valueofFrictionMultiplierononeofthem. ComparetheresultsintheRestraintSummary andreporttheworstcaseresults.