Computing Service

M440

Adobe Photoshop 7.0:

the basics

many leaflets can be found at:

http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/docs
70 pence
October 2003
 Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Adobe Photoshop 7.0: the basics

Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................... 4
Lesson 1: Scanning, saving and set-up .......................................... 5
Lesson 2: Tools, palettes and the mouse ....................................... 8
Lesson 3: Selections, channels and layers .................................. 10
Lesson 4: Image size and shape ....................................................11
Lesson 5: Zooming in and out ....................................................... 12
Lesson 6: Adjusting the image ...................................................... 13
Lesson 7: Rotating the image ........................................................ 14
Lesson 8: Retouching colour ......................................................... 15
Lesson 9: Duplicating irregularly shaped elements .................... 16
Lesson 10: Making simple selections ........................................... 17
Lesson 11: Moving and duplicating selections ............................ 18
Lesson 12: Rotating a selection .................................................... 20
Lesson 13: Adjusting a selection’s opacity .................................. 21
Lesson 14: Adjusting colours and contrasts ............................... 22
Lesson 15: Adding text ................................................................... 24
Lesson 16: Using special effects filters ........................................ 25
Lesson 17: Building-up a composite image ................................. 26
Lesson 18: Storage media .............................................................. 27
Further information ......................................................................... 28

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Introduction
What is Photoshop?
Adobe Photoshop is image-editing software. It allows you to transform scanned
photographs, slides and original artwork in many ways, for example, by cropping,
rotation, resizing and by creating special effects using filters ranging in effect from
blurring to mosaics.
Photoshop combines a full range of painting, editing and image composition tools,
sophisticated selection tools, and methods for adjusting levels of grey and colour in
continuous-tone images.

Where can I find Photoshop on a PWF Mac?

Photoshop is available for use on all Macs in the Balfour Lab though only one Mac
has a scanner attached. In addition it is available on one Mac with a scanner attached
in each of the OSB and Phoenix User Area labs. A booking sheet on top of those
Macs with scanners enables you to reserve the machine for a particular time and date.

Where can I find Photoshop on a PWF PC?

Photshop is available for use on all PCs in the Titan Teaching Room 1, Oriental
Studies Basement, Phoenix User Area and also on the scanner PC in Titan Teaching
Room 2.

Is there much difference between Photoshop on the PC and

the Mac?
Photoshop looks the same whether you use it on a PC or a Mac. The “Exit”
command under the File menu on a PC is renamed “Quit” on the Mac. The Macs also
enable PC-formatted discs to be used so PC users may wish to use a Mac for
Photoshop. Note, PCs do not enable Mac-formatted discs to be used.
Short-cuts use different keys within Photoshop:
Mac - Option/Alt plus Command/z/(apple)

PC - Alt plus Control

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 Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Lesson 1: Scanning, saving and set-up

To scan images into your computer, you need a scanner attached to your computer
and scanning software installed onto your computer. Scanning software is supplied
with the scanners, often Photoshop. You can also buy Photoshop independently.

To scan a picture
1. Place the original material on the scanner glass. It should be face-down. Your
scanner manual will tell you which way round to put it.
2. Launch the scanning software: Photoshop, Photo Deluxe, ScanWise, etc. If you
already have Photoshop running, you can launch the scanning package from
within Photoshop by choosing File > Import > and select the scanning package
(eg ScanWise).

3. Your software may automatically preview (scan) your document so that it

appears on the right hand side of the scan window. If not, you will need to click
a Preview button to pre-scan the document.
4. The scanning software will automatically select options for destination, image
settings, file format, etc. You may change this if you wish from the buttons on
the left hand side of the scan window.
6. Click the Scan button.
7. Save the image in the desired format (see page 7). If your scanning package was
launched from within Photoshop, your image will automatically appear in a
Photoshop window.

What scanning software is installed on the PWF Macs and PCs?

Graphics; Agfa ScanWise (can also be invoked from within Photoshop)
Text; TextBridge Pro (full-featured), OmniPage LE (basic, limited features)

See page 28 for details of Computing Service leaflets on using the PWF scanners.

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Scanner/Photoshop error messages

Scanner could not be detected: caused by the computer powering-up before the
scanner or by a poor cable connection. Shut down everything, check cables and start
again. If problems persist, contact the Helpdesk, or your local support.
Scratch disc full/clipboard full/Photoshop out of memory:
1. These messages may be caused by the Clipboard being full with a large image.
To avoid this, if you Cut, Copy or Paste a large image, immediately afterwards
copy a small image twice.
2. Free-up hard disc space as Photoshop uses the hard disc as temporary storage
space. If using a Mac with OS 9 or previous,, turn Virtual Memory off and
restart the Mac. OS X manages memory in a better way so this problem is less
likely especially if your Mac has a huge-sized hard disc.
3. With pre OS-X Mac, assign Photoshop enough memory (highlight application,
choose File > Get Info > Memory and allocate at least 64Mb RAM for
Photoshop 6.0 and 128Mb if you also want to use ImageReady, Adobe’s web
production software bundled with Photoshop 6.0).

Cannot complete the requested operation: caused by having the wrong layer “live”
(for more info please see Layers page 10) or by Photoshop running out of memory
(memory fragmented). If out of memory, close down and restart the computer.

Saving
Work in Photoshop must be saved after every operation. It is surprising how much
space even a quick, simple operation such as changing a background colour can take
up. Never carry out more than one operation on a file without performing a save.
Pre OS-X Macs: Virtual Memory and Scratch Disk
Photoshop is a hungry application and uses lots of computer memory (RAM). During
each operation it also temporarily uses empty space on the hard disc (Scratch Disk).
Virtual Memory (virtual RAM) also uses empty space on the hard disc. Only enable
Virtual Memory if you have lots of empty hard disc space. Real RAM is better and
quite cheap to buy.

File size and resolution

Big is not always best: an A4-sized colour photo scanned at a resolution of 300 dots
per inch (dpi) takes up 28Mb! PostScript printing adds another 50% to the file size.
Where will you keep it? How will you transport it? Using a lower resolution reduces
the file size. Set your resolution according to the end use of your image and output
device.
Screen use (eg. web page): 72dpi
Posters, monochrome, line art: 100dpi
Colour printing in documents: 150dpi
High quality printing/microscope enlargements: 300dpi or higher

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 Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

If you need eventual output of several images on one page, scan each as a separate
file. Then paste both images as pictures into PowerPoint, Word, PageMaker or
Quark. This makes the eventual file size smaller because the “white space” around
the images in Word is blank whereas in Photoshop it contains information.
Always crop extraneous material from the borders of images (see page 13). If you
want a white border, copy and paste the picture into Word and then print it. (Word
ignores empty white space whereas to Photoshop, every space is recorded as
information, even if blank).
Use RGB as your colour format unless you require colour separations at printing time
(in which case use CMYK). CMYK is not available in Photoshop LE, a cutdown
version of Photoshop often supplied with scanners.

File formats
1 Photoshop (.psd): for “working” images in Photoshop
2 TIFF: for exporting to other printing applications. (24bit colour, loss-less
compression possible, channel masks saved).
3 PICT: for exporting to other printing applications (Mac only).
4 JPEG: for exporting tone-based web-images. Note, JPEG compresses the file
by losing file information so file cannot be reworked.
5 GIF: for exporting line-based web-images
6 PNG: emerging web standard to replace JPEG and GIF but not widely used yet.
6 EPS: encapsulated Postscript, for printing or inclusion in printed materials.

Configuring Photoshop on your computer

• Use a computer with powerful processor, large memory and hard disc
• Do not run other applications at the same time
• Pre OS-X Mac:- allocate Photoshop plenty of RAM (64Mb for Photoshop only,
128Mb for Photoshop and ImageReady* to run concurrently)
- only enable Virtual Memory if enough empty hard disc space.
• PCs and OS X Macs automatically set the above settings for their applications
• Save after every operation in Photoshop to minimise scratch disc use

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Lesson 2: Tools, palettes and the mouse

Tools and palettes
Today’s course covers those tools shown in bold type below. To use a tool,
single-click it. Most tools have options, eg tool thickness and opacity can be
set in the palette which runs along the top of your screen. This palette
changes according to which tool you have selected.

History palette
The History palette keeps a step-by-step
record of every operation you perform in
Photoshop. You can undo any number of
steps by clicking on the white tab for which-
ever change you wish to go back to.

Tools

Rectangular/elliptical marquee Move (layer or selection)

Lasso (selection, as is marquee) Magic wand (select similar pixels)
Crop Slice
Healing brush Paintbrush(drawing tool)
Clone stamp (duplicating items) History
Eraser Gradient
Blur Dodge/burn/sponge
Path Component Selection Type (add text)
Pen Rectangle
Notepad Eyedropper (pick a colour)
Hand Zoom (in or out)
Foreground and
background colours
QuickMask mode
Screen modes
Jump to ImageReady mode

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The mouse
The mouse is an integral part of Photoshop and to make the most of Photoshop, users
must be confident in their mouse use.
Mouse operations include:
Pointing - the mouse is placed over a part of an image. This is normally a
pre-requisite to dragging or selecting;
Selecting - after pointing, the mouse is clicked or double-clicked to select (highlight)
a particular menu instruction, toolbar or part of the image;
Dragging - after pointing, the mouse button is held down while the mouse is dragged
across part of the image. Often dragging is used to move parts of the image or to drag
a new colour across;
Option-clicking (Mac)/Alt-clicking (PC) - the option or Alt key* is held down, the
mouse is then pointed at a part of the image and the mouse button is clicked once.
The option key is then released. This is used with the rubber stamp tool (see page 15)
to “pick up” a sample of colour for use elsewhere in the image.
*On some Mac keyboards, the option key is known as the Alt key.

Foreground and Background colour

Any drawing, painting or writing tool which you use in Photoshop will use
the Foreground colour by default.
Any erase operation you do in Photoshop will use the Background colour by
default, or the original background if you hold down the Option/Alt key.

To change either the Foreground or Background colour:

1 Double-click the Foreground or Background colour box.
2 Select a different colour from the narrow vertical strip in the window.
3 Click on the shade of that colour in the large box or enter the pantone number.
Then click Okay.

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Lesson 3: Selections, Channels and Layers

Selection: a selection is any highlighted area defined by a moving, broken line
(“marching ants”). Selections occur when you use a selection tool (rectangular,
elliptical, crop) to select parts of your image. Selections are temporary. Selections
work on layers (see below).
Channel: all documents opened in Photoshop have one or more channels. A channel
records information of a specific colour (eg. red, green). Most common are Bitmap
(one channel in black on a transparent background which will give black on white if
printed onto paper), RGB (three channels, Red, Green and Blue, which are overlaid to
give other colours) and CMYK (four channels, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black
which are also overlaid to give other colours). CMYK is not available in Photoshop
LE.
Channels can be adjusted (see 22) or switched off to create different colour effects.
To switch a channel off, click the eye icon alongside the channel name in the Channel
palette.

Layers: a document usually begins with just one layer. Imagine the layer as a sheet
of clear acetate with the picture printed on it. Whenever you use drawing tools or
copy and paste selections, you can choose to do this on a new layer. Gradually you
can build up a composite image (see page 26) of several layers. Clicking the eye icon
alongside the layer’s name will hide that layer to give a different effect. Layers are a
bit like collages, they are a way of building up the picture by adding more contents to
it. The order of layers can be changed by dragging layers within the Layers palette to
bring some items to the front or to send others to the back.
Documents containing two or more layers are larger than one-layer documents,
especially when open (see page 11) so it may be a good idea to flatten (merge) all the
layers into one when you have finished editing the document (see page 18).

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Lesson 4: Image size and shape

It is easy in Photoshop to discover the file size, image dimensions and shape of a
given file.

The information bar

1. This is found at the lower left of the image;
2. The document size is show in kilobytes;
3. The left number indicates the file size when closed or sent to the printer. The
right number indicates the file size when open. The numbers may be different
because Photoshop compresses the layers when files are either closed or printed.

Previewing the page size

1. Place the pointer on the image
size box in the lower left corner
of the information bar;
2. Press the mouse button to see the
Page Preview box.
The inner rectangle with an X
through it indicates the image’s
dimensions while the outer
rectangle indicates the paper
size.
Previewing the image size
1. Position the pointer on the
information bar;
2. Hold down the ALT or OPTION Width: 677 pixels (9.043
key and press the mouse button inches)
to see the height, width, number Height: 576 pixels (8
of channels and resolution.
The box may also show the
number of channels and
resolution.

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Lesson 5: Zooming in and out

Zooming in gives a close up, enlarged view of the document, enabling fine
adjustments to be made.
Zooming out gives a reduced, fit-on-screen view of the document.

What is the current view?

1. The title bar (area above the document where the document name is shown, eg
Cafe below) lists the current view. So does the bottom lefthand corner of
document.
A 1:1 (100%) view is lifesize, 1:2 (50%) is halfsize and 2:1 (200%) is twice
lifesize.

Zooming in
1. Click the zoom tool from toolbox;
2. Position the pointer on the centre of the
image;
3. Click one or more times to zoom in on
the image.
NB The Navigator palette may also be used,
moving the slider to obtain the desired effect.

Zooming out
1. With the zoom tool selected, hold down the option key and click the pointer in
the centre of the image one or more times.

Getting back to a 1:1 view

1. Double-click the zoom tool in the toolbox.

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Lesson 6: Adjusting the image

Cropping the image
1. Select the cropping tool (see right) from the marquee tool submenu;
2. Position the pointer on the image, hold down the mouse button and drag over
the image area;
3. Release the button and press the Enter/Return key.
4. Save the document.

Adjusting the image size

1. Choose Image Size from the Image menu;
2. Change the figures in the Height and Width boxes.
The Image Size box contains two other options:
Constrain proportions: constrains the height-width ratio so that as one value is
entered into either the Height or Width box, the remaining box is updated to retain
the original proportions;
Resample image: if the box is unchecked, this automatically adjusts the resolution
(dpi) to match the new width and height measurements so that the file size remains
the same. Larger width and height measurements mean lower resolution and vice
versa.
Save the document when you are happy with your settings.

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Lesson 7: Rotating the image

Choose Image > Rotate Canvas

From the sub-menu choose one of: 180, 90 CW or 90 CCW degrees, Arbitrary
(you specify the degrees), Flip Horizontal or Flip Vertical.

The picture will rotate accordingly.

Save the document.

Above is a picture rotated through 90 CW.

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Lesson 8: Retouching colour

Always work with two windows of the image open when retouching - a close up view
for retouching, and an overall view for seeing the efects as they are applied.
1. Drag the image by its title bar to one side of the screen;
2. Choose Window > Documents > New Window;
3. Select the zoom tool (see right) from the toolbox (or press Z on the keyboard);
4. In the second view, zoom into the part for retouching;
5. Resize both views if necessary: the zoomed-in view is for working, the zoomed-
out view gives you the overall perspective.

1. Select the rubber stamp tool from the toolbox (see right) or press S on the
keyboard;
2. Click the Aligned tickbox in the clone tool palette (top of screen)
3. Click the Brushes tab in clone tool palette and choose brush size.

4. Working on the zoomed in view, position the pointer on the area from where the
colour is to be picked up;
5. Option-click the chosen point to set it as the sample;
6. Move the pointer to the area for retouching and begin dragging the mouse to
change the image; As you move the mouse, see how the image which appears
reflects exactly where the crosshair is on the screen;
7. Repeat the sampling if you need to change your pickup point and keep your eye
on the overall view. When you are happy that it looks realistic, stop using the
rubber tool;
8. Close the zoomed-in view and save the document.

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Lesson 9: Duplicating irregular shaped elements

Because the rubber stamp tool picks up whatever areas it runs over, you can also use
it to duplicate irregularly shaped elements in a document. Regular (square or round)
objects can be selected with the selection tools (see page 17).

1. Select the rubber stamp tool (see right) or press S on the keyboard.

The image above shows the new leaf (right) appearing as the rubber stamp tool
is used to duplicate the original leaf (left).

2. Zoom in to a 2:1 view or larger;

3. Choose a large brush from Window > Brushes and click OK;
4. Position the pointer on one edge of the element and option-click;
5. Move the pointer to where the duplicated element is to appear;
6. Begin dragging the mouse. Trace the crosshair around the edge of the element
while the rubber stamp tool which has appeared moves in synchronised manner
in the new position to create a duplicate image;
7. Release the mouse button at the end;
8. Use the Eraser tool (with Alt key held down to restore original background

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Lesson 10: Making simple selections

Photoshop enables selections of elliptical, rectangular and freehand shapes to be
chosen. These selections can then be cut, copied, duplicated, erased, rotated, moved
or pasted elsewhere. They can also have their opacity and other attributes changed.

Making a rectangular selection

1. Select the marquee tool (see right) from the toolbox (or press M on the
keyboard);
2. To make the selection, position the pointer in the top left corner of the part of the
image for selection;
3. Drag the mouse diagonally over the required area;
4. Release the mouse button.

NB The dotted white border is called the “selection border”.

Making an elliptical selection

1. Select the elliptical tool (see right). This is
found by keeping the mouse button pressed
down while pointing at the marquee tool and then then dragging along to the
elliptical tool which appears in the submenu;
2. Drag mouse (button down) to select area.

Redrawing the selection

1. Deselect the selection by clicking the mouse button outside of the selected area.
Then reselect.
Deleting the selection
1. Press the backspace key. See Erasing duplicated selections (page 19) for details
on how to change the resultant background colour.

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Lesson 11: Moving and duplicating selections

Cutting the selection for use elsewhere
1. Choose Cut from the Edit menu.. This leaves the area empty (indicated by grey
and white pixels).
Copying the selection for use elsewhere
1. Choose Copy from the Edit menu.
Pasting the selection into the new location
1. Open required file if not current file;
2. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. The item appears on a transparent new layer.
3. Use the Move tool to position element exactly (making sure the element’s layer
is live in the layers palette first).
Repeat (3) to make multiple copies of the item, each on a separate new layer.

Layers take up a lot of space so once you have finished editing, choose Image >
Flatten Image to merge them into one background layer.

If you make a mistake...

1. Choose Undo from the Edit menu.

Deleting a layer (containing a duplicated selection)

Drag layer to Layer Wastebin (bottom right)

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Copying the selection within the same layer

1. Hold down the option/alt and command keys and position the pointer on the
selection;
2. Drag the selection to a new location and release the keys.
This copies and pastes the selection into the existing layer. To get rid of the selection
border, click outside of it.

Erasing duplicated selections

1. Choose the eraser tool (see right) from the toolbox;
2. Drag the pointer over the duplicated item. The set background colour (page 9)
appears.
If you want to restore the original background image, hold down the option/alt
key while dragging the pointer.

Left: erase to background colour (white) Right: erase to background (original pic)

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Lesson 12: Rotating a selection

1. Make a selection using the Marquee tool.
If you rotate this selection, blank space
(grey and white pixels) will appear in the
gaps left behind.
So you may want to copy the selection
either to a new layer (Copy, Paste) or copy
it within the existing layer (alt/opt and
command keys and drag selection) first, so
that rotating it reveals the original
background rather than empty space.

2. Choose Transform > Rotate from the Edit

menu. Handles will appear at the corners of
the selected area;
3. Position the pointer on a handle;

4. Drag the pointer either clockwise or anti-

clockwise before releasing. The image will
rotate.

Rotating a layer
1. Select the whole layer, then repeat steps 2 and 3 above.

Resizing a layer’s contents

1. Ensure layer is active (click layer in Layers palette)
2 Draw rectangular selection around item on layer which you wan t to resize.
3 Choose Edit > Transform ... Scale. Handles appear around selection.
4 Drag corner handles in or out to shrink or enlarge item.
5 Press Enter/Return to apply size change.
6 Click outside of selection border to remove selection border.

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Lesson 13: Adjusting a selection or layer’s opacity

1. In the Layers palette, select the layer whih you wish to make opaque.
2. Slide the Opacity slider to a new position to chage that layer’s opacity.
1. Drag the image by its title bar to one side of the screen;. Choose New View Les

The example below showsthree duplicated selections, each pasted onto a new layer.
Each layer has a different opacity.

Duplicating a selection
1. Each time you press option-command-mouse and drag the mouse, the selection
is duplicated.

Duplicating selections is useful if you want to repeat an selection several times within
one document on separate layers.

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Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Lesson 14 Adjusting colours and contrast

The brightness and contrast, amount of true whites and blacks in an image, can be altered
in several ways.

• The Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast panel from the Image menu. This gives
blanket results across the entire image. For finer control, use one of the two methods
below.
• Levels
Choose Adjust ments > Levels from the Image menu.

The graph shows the range of tones, from darkest (left) to lightest (right). The left pointer
indicates the point from which true black starts. All tones to the left of this point are black.
The right pointer indicates the point from which pure white starts. All tones to the right of
this point are white. The middle point indicates the mid-gray point.

So, move the left and right pointers to decrease or increase the purity of white and black,
and contrast. Move the middle pointer to determine the overall brightness and darkness.

The Channels option on the Levels window also allows you to change the tones within
individual colours (eg for RGB you will also find Red, Green and Blue channels). This
enables you to remove or create colour casts on your documents.

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To adjust the colours of parts of the document, rather than the whole document, use
the tools below.

Dodging (to emphasize highlights, make lighter)

1. Zoom in to a 2:1 view;
2. Choose the Dodge tool from the Tools and select options from the palette;
3. Position the pointer on the area for dodging, drag to lighten.
NB If the tool is too thick or thin, select a different brush size from the Brushes
palette.

Burning (to subdue highlights, make darker)

1. Choose Burn from the Tools and select options from the palette;
2. Position the pointer on the area for burning, drag to darken.

Saturation (to purify/brighten the colour) and Desaturation (to

dull the colour)
1. Choose Sponge from the Tools and select options from the palette;
2. Choose Saturate or DeSaturate from the palette;
3. Drag the pointer (now a sponge icon) over the area repeatedly. Each time this is
done, the saturation increases;

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Lesson 15: Adding text

1. Set the foreground to the required colour for the text. (Click the Foreground
square in the toolbox and select a new colour).
2. Select the type tool (see right) from the toolbox;
3. Click on the part of the image where the word is to be inserted;
4. Select the font, font size, attributes and alignment required from the Text
palette.

5. Type your text and it will appear on the picture.

6. Click the Tick button in the Text palette to save the text..
7. Save the document.

Moving text
Press the command key and use the Move tool to drag the text to new position.

Deleting text
1. The text is added as a Layer. To delete the text, click the Layer containing the
text from the Layers palette and choose Delete Layer from the Layer menu, or
drag the unwanted layer to the Layers palette bin.

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Lesson 16: Using special effects filters

1. Choose the filter required from the Filter menu;
2. Choose from any options displayed in a subsequent window;
3. Click the OK button.
Below, the girl’s face has been distorted by using the Distort (Pinch) filter;

What filters are available in Photoshop?

Blur: Blur More, Gaussian Blur, Radial Blur, Motion Blur;
Distort: Displace, Pinch, Polar Coordinates, Ripple, Shear, Spherize, Tiwrl, Wave,
ZigZag;
Noise: Add Noise, Despeckle, Dust & Scratches, Media;
Pixelate: Color Halftone, Crystallise, Facet, Fragment, Mezzotint, Mosaic,
Pointillize;
Render: Colours, Difference Clouds, Lens Flare, Lighting Effects, Texture, Fill;
Sharpen: Sharpen, Sharpen Edges, Sharpen More, Unsharp Mask;
Stylize: Diffuse, Emboss, Extrude, Find Edges, Solarize, Tiles, Trace, Colour, Wind.

From left to right: Twirl, Mosaic, Solarize filters applied.

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Lesson 17: Building up a composite image

Ever wondered how the advertisers get shots of vehicles driving up the sides of
skyscrapers, or athletes running across the oceans?
In the example below, we shall “cut out” the horse and paste him into the bottom
right corner of the mountain picture.

1 Use the Lasso tool to draw around the outline of the horse - don’t worry
about getting it perfect.
2 Choose Copy from the Edit menu.
3 Open the file containing the background (ie mountains).
4 Choose New Layer from the Layer menu and click Okay. In the Layers
palette you will see a new blank layer as well as the background.
5 Ensure the new layer is activated (highlighted black in the Layers palette).
6 Choose Paste from the Edit menu - the horse will appear on the new layer.
7 Use the Move tool to reposition the horse and rider optimally.

8 With the new layer activated, use the Zoom tool and Eraser tool (with option
key held down, to restore background colour rather than white) to tidy up the
“edges”.
The Zoom tool enables you to enlarge the image so you can work in close-
up. The Eraser tool, with a thin brush, allows you to perform precise erasures
so that the horse’s edges lose all of their original background.
9 To change the size of the horse, follow steps for Resizing Layers on page 20.
9 If no further edits are required, choose Flatten Image from the Layers menu.
10 Close and Save the file.

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Lesson 19: Storage media

The digital images you capture can be stored on the camera memory cards or
on your computer hard disc.
Once you begin building-up a library of digital images, and you want to be
able to take them to bureaux or other computers, then removable storage
media is required.
Digital images also take up a lot of space so you need to keep your computer
hard disc fairly free for Photoshop to work best. (Photoshop requires lots of
empty hard disc space to utilise as temporary storage called “scratch disc
space.”)
The Computing Service leaflet G81 Floppy Discs and Other Removable
Storage Media describes the different storage media available today. This
leaflet is available from the Computing Service (second floor, Cockcroft
Building, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street) or on the web at:
http://www.cam.ac.uk/CS/Docs
Briefly, the storage mechanisms are:
1. CD: equip your computer with a CD recorder (most computers only
have CD readers) and record your own CDs. CD-recording software
often includes ability to create mini-picture catalogue for CD box front
cover.
2. DVD: similar to CD but with higher capacity. Requires DVD recorder
but can be read in ordinary CD drive.
3. External hard drive: can be plugged into other computers provided
cable and software driver is compatible.
4. Zip disc: cheap and most modern Macs and PCs have zip drives.
5. Tape cartridge: recommended for archival purposes only, not for
editing. Requires tape drive.

Zip and CD are currently the most popular longterm storage methods.

M440/October 2003 27
Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques
Further information
Photography and Illustration Service
This service offers a wide range of services:
• Scientific photography
• Event photography
• E6 (slide) and colour print processing, black and white processing
• 35mm digital printing and scanning
• Flatbed scanning
• A4 - A0 poster production and encapsulation
• Digital slide production
• Encapsulation and mounting of wide variety of pictures and photos
Please contact the Unit for more details of these services:
Photography & Illustration Service,
Old Exams Hall,
New Museums Site,
Free School Lane,
Cambridge CB2 3RS.
Telephone external: 01223 334390, internal: 34390
E-mail: sales@ucs.cam.ac.uk

Computing Service Printroom

This service offers a variety of printing services:
• Colour and monochrome printing (A4 and A3)
• Scanning (high quality OCR and graphics)
• Document binding and laminating
For details, please contact:
Computing Service Reception,
New Museums Site,
Pembroke Street,
Cambridge CB2 3QG.
Telephone external: 01223 334600, internal: 34600
E-mail: sales@ucs.cam.ac.uk
Computing Service Reception
Various CD tutorials are available for loan from Sales (Cockcroft 2) and there are
handbooks available in the User Library in the Phoenix User Area. Users are
reminded when scanning with Photoshop not to infringe relevant Copyright laws.
The CS also write a range of leaflets an d information sheets covering the various
operating systems and applications used within the Computing Service. These
documents are available in paper form from Reception or can be read on-line at:
http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/docs

28 M440/October 2003
The information in this document may be available in other forms. Please telephone the Information
Group coordinator on 334598 or e-mail documentation@ucs.cam.ac.uk to discuss what is available,
any special requirements for presentation and how we could meet them.

Leaflet number: M440.

© 2003 University of Cambridge Computing Service. May be reproduced only with permission.
University of Cambridge Computing Service
New Museums Site
Pembroke Street
Cambridge
CB2 3QH
tel: (01223) 334600
fax: (01223) 334679
email: reception@ucs.cam.ac.uk