Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Miguel A Altieri University of California, Berkeley Sociedad Cientifica LatinoAmericana de Agroecologia (SOCLA) www.agroeco.org/socla
System undersatnding
Producers
By-pass
Food Empires
Peasant markets
Consumers
Climate change
The IPCC warns that warming by 2100 will be worse than previously expected with a probable temperature rise of 1.8 to 4 degrees C and a possible rise of up to 6.4 degrees C. Hazards include increased flooding in low-lying areas, greater frequency and severity of droughts in semi-arid areas, and excessive heat conditions all which can limit crop growth and yields.
Productivity
Alta
High Eficiency
Low external inputs, diversified with low levels of integration
Baja
Low
Medium-Low
Medium
Alta
Baja
Agroecosystem Diversity
Levels of Diversity
Genetic Diversity: the variety and variability of animals, plants and microorganisms that are used for food production and agriculture Species diversity: the diversity of crop/ animal and species that support production (soil biota, pollinators, predators, parasitoids, etc) Ecosystem diversity: the diversity of the landscape matrix surrounding agroecosystems
BEE-KEEPING
HUNTING
YUCATEC MAYA HOUSEHOLD
FISHING
San Bartolo del Llano, Ixtlahuaca, Mxico. Quelites. 74 quelite species all useful. Used as food, fodder, medicinals, etc. 4.5 kg quelite/family/month. One hectare of milpa produces 1,5 t/ha of quelite and represents 25% of the total value of maize ( approx 200 dollars).
Edible insects
Ramos y Pino (1989). More than 70 edible species in Mxico (8 orders, 28 families). More than 27 species of chapulines . The great majortiy are collected the maguey worms are collected= incipient domestication?
Chapulines
Stability of polycultures
Polycultures exhibit greater yield stability and less productivity declines during a drought than in the case of monocultures. Studies on the effect of drought on enhanced yields with polycultures by manipulating water stress on intercrops of sorghum and peanut , millet and peanut, and sorghum and millet, showed that all the intercrops overyielded consistently at low levels of moisture availability (<297 mm of water applied over the cropping season)
45
Maiz de cajete
% de dano incial a fincas por el Huracan Ike (2008) la coopertaiva Rafael Zaroza en Sancti Spritus,Cuba, escala 1 bajo, 3 alto, ) segun grado de integracion agroecologica ( 1 baja, 3 alta).
% estimado de recuperacion de fincas a los 60, 120 y 180 dias despues de Huracan Ike (2008) en CCS Rafael Zaroza Sancti Spritus segun nivel de integracion agroecologica ( 1 bajo, 3 alto) comparada con el promedio de la cooperativa entera.
Cultivos de cobertura
Centeno (Secale cereale) - 80 kg.ha-1 Veza (Vicia sativa) - 60 kg.ha-1 Rabano forrajero (Raphanus sativus) - 15
kg.ha-1
Agroecological strategies
Organic amendments
Fernanditos Farm
Coco Pltano Remolacha Malanga Col Frijol Zanahoria Boniato Maz Tomate Papa Pimiento Papaya Cebolla Porcino
LER
1.76
Area (ha) Energy (GJ/ha/ao) Proten (kg/ha)/ao People fed by produced energy
(Pers/ha/ao)
40 90 318 21 12.5
11.2
Area (ha) Energy (GJ/ha/ao) Proten (kg/ha)/ao People fed by produced energy
(Pers/ha/ao)
10 50.6 867 11 34
Energy efficiency
30
1. Spatial and temporal genetic and species diversity at farm and landcape level 2.Crop and animal integration 3. Biologically active soils and high biomass recyling rates
1: org.=conven.
< l: conven. mayor que org. >1: org. mayor que conven.
Food Sovereignty
Peoples right to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems.
Agroecological strategies
Social movements
Ecology Anthropology Sociology Etnoecology Biological Control Ecological economics Basic agricultural sciences Principles Specific technological forms
AGROECOLOGY
AGROECOLOGY
FOODSOVEREIGNITY
ENERGYSOVEREIGNITY
TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNITY
RESILIENCY