ow, ejecta and ads 2 The article 7 a) You'll got better at the job as you gain ..... experience. bb) mm so glad I did it: it was ...., wonderful experience. 8) The house is built of ... stone. b) This is ..... beautiful stone, 9 a) ww death comes to us all one day: ) There's been ..... death in the family. 10. a) -.. fear is a perfectly natural human feeling, b) He has ..... terrible fear of heights, 11a) He was so hungry that fe ate ..... whole chicken. 1) Ldon't like sed meat but I do-eat ... chicken. 12, 2) I think that’s .... really ugly painting. b) ... painting can be a very relaxing activity 13 a) Tasually eat... fruit for breakfast. b) That's ..... very untisual fruit. What is it? 14 a) Has this soup got ..... potate in it? b) Would you like .... baked potato? 15 a} You shouldn't drink... wine on an empty stomach. b) This is .... very nice wine. The indefinite article a or an + aor an? We use a before consonant sounds and an before vowel sounds But note @ wniform a European an MP an L-plate usd fut fem ell USE We can use the indefinite article before singular countahte now it before uncountable nouns: I bougitt a chair but NOT Hooughha-fieritare. We use the indefinite article: © when we ate referring 10 one thing but i€ is not one in particular: I'd like a banana, fe cannot Use + when we refer co something for the first time, With the second reference, we use the: There's a man at the door. think i's the man from the garage.ours, ajc ad ads * after 10 be and have got when we are describing someone or something, including someone's job: ‘She's a headteacher. (BUT She's the headteacher of Park School.) He's got a lovely smile. It's a nice day. (BUT i's the nicest day we've had all week) '» with a unit of measurement (weight, quantity, time): £2 a kilo, three times a day, once a week © In exclamations: What a tovely day! The definite articte: the USE We can use the definite article before singular and plural countable nouns and before uncountable nouns. We use it when we are refetring to a specific thing or things. This includes: ‘+ when the content of the Sentence specifies which particular one(s) we are talking about: The people next door have invited us round for a drink, FU wear the dress I bought tase week + when something is referred to for a second time ‘and therefore becomes specific: ‘They've got a boy and a girl. The gir’s at university now. + when we refer to a particular place, person, animator thing and the speaker and listener know which one(s) is/are being referred to: The window cleaner's here. (our regular window cleaner) I think your keys are-in the kitchen, (our kitchen or the kitchen here} ‘+ when there is only one: the world the sun the weather the American Civil War + before some collective nouns referring to a whole group of people, including ‘ames of nationalities anc political parties or groups: the British the talians the Conservatives the police ‘the government the public the army the management the electorate the fire brigade + before some adjectives {used without a noun) to refer to the group in general the rich the poor the unemployed the distibled + before parts of the day: in the morning/the afternoon/the evening + before names of ships, newspapers and magazines and some names of musical groups: The National Union of Teachers The QE2 The Daily Mirior The Economist ‘The Berlin Philharmonic OrchestraNouns jective and avers * before superlatives and ordinals: 1's the best film I've seen. ‘That's the third time she's phoned. * before names of musical instruments when we talk about playing them: Gan you play the plano? (BUT I've just bought @ piano.) + before:names-of seas, rivers, groups of islands, islands called “The Isle of chains of mountains, deserts, regions and a few names of countries: the Atlantic Ocean ‘the River Nile the Himalayas. the Sahara the Southern Hemisphere the Arctic the north, south, etc, the USA the Netheriands the Sudan the United Arab Emirates the Ivory Coast the Philippines the Bahamas the Isle of Wight ‘The zero article {no article) USE We do not use an article before plural nouns and singular uncountable nouns ‘when we use them in @ general sense. Singular Singular Plural nouns countable uncountable nouns nouns Definite use the the ‘the Indefinite use | a/an zero article zero article ‘Books are very important to me. Have you read the books I brought you tast month. Water is the best thing to drink when you're thirsty. Did you put the water in the fridge? Other uses of the zero article: * with proper nouns: Helen’s gone to Paris, I'm golng away on Friday. * with meals: Have you had breakfast yet? (BUT That was a lovely breakfast.) * with schoo!, class, college, university, home, work, church, bed, hospital, prison, town when we talk about going to these places or being in them for their normal use Danny's gone to bed. ‘She's been in hospital for tree weeks. (BUT There isn’t a hospital in the town.) © with by + item of uainsport: Did you go by train? © with nexi/last + week, days of the week, etc: next Wednesday, last night. next timeours, ajactves and abvets Practice 2a Complete the sentences with a oan, the or no article. 1. ‘How much are “PAF, leeks?" “They're 80 pence .4.. pound 2 TWenE 0 son Wonderful concert bY annem London Symphony Orchestra, local school is soon to be closed. Tistally 80:10 sense WOEK BY atvee tral, TS coe MEAL A conte OVERE first-time you've Been 10 wn. Isle of Mam? amt teacher and she's... electrician. A lot of people give money 10 . What beautiful face that child’s got! 10 eee British usually have ....... butler oft thelr bread, Ti ve: life is very difficult for ....... unemployed these days. 2. .» Opposition {s in danger of losing her seat at charity at this time’of year. Leader of . next election. 33 I like to have 1a I saw Cup Of eo tea When Wake UP in no morning, fox this morting. 1 dhink it must have been ........ same one that I saw last week, 15 Cam Uhave ene apple? 16 Have you ever $2@f vn. ACTOpOIIS'IN «0. Athens? 17 seve police have had a Jot of support from ....... general public over this issue. 1B coe Shirts OM .,...... washingrline should be nearly dry now. 19 sn.oun people don’t like him because of his selfish attitude, 20 T bought my sister ene DBOOK ANd .onen BOWE OF no. Perfume for het birthday but I don't think she liked ....... perfume. 2b Puta or an, the or no article in the gaps in this letter, Jo.and lan, picture of ....... hotel we're staying at, We were lucky enough to get one Of *..... ToORS overlooking sea and ®,..n0 View is lovely. We had “a... good journey over heté and ®...0.. children quite enjoyed 2.wn: Aight. They've got ®........ lavely Yoom of theit own and they think ".ows, afoies and avers ‘hotel’s great. In general, we've al been having ¥...... teally good time, ‘Unfortunately, Penny got "nun. Very sunburnt back On... first day so she's had to wear *..... Tshitt since then, but apart from that everyone's been fine, Jeremy's met “se English boy of about ®...... same age and they get on very well, They went into ought themselves own on their own last night and meal.-And tonight they want to go ont 10. disco - there are plenty 10 choose from here. ‘We've spent most of our time on ®, aind clear so we've done lols of *.. sues Boat tp to one of *, barbecue on™. beach so far, #....... sea is really warm swimming. Tomorrow we're going on . islands and we're going to have“. island. I'm really looking forward to that. Anyway, Tl give you ®...... Hing when we get back and we'll see you ".. next week, Best wishes, Sally and Robin 2c Rewrite the reference below in your notebook, adding the definite article the and the indefinite article a ot an where appropriate. Packard Brown Ltd, Dighy Industrial Estate, Silton, Bristol BS12 2PE etorenoe:Tinodhy Hesting —— scaxipg tor en yea, tice reno Handing hes worked Ns tis company or ten es Toy Hac ee bm vontang and erases ema, ae any ya sent ‘was soon promoted Lee ee oor asa teproseatvo Pu or A ey ee sohi ram of mica rosvocencnives, Ho ™AnuEDS eth snow ahead f BIGGER oO ncrene slo otieve ty an 2 ee aula inion ei 8 8B sega of ee i ceanngem fab RICO ‘Praining progvanine Ce ‘dsviged for bis tearn has now been adopted 1 Sr Ca wry poste Teas a parsona! level, Thao found Timothy 1 be very Ronest anid ConsiaSre Senton and he 33 walked in companys T have no hoatianion tn recommends Pen toc job for which he hue apolied, chow { would of course be sorry wo Tose him. Claire Alexander Ms Clase Alexander