CHAPTER 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result


Gas DiIIusion
Initial EIIective distance oI mass transIer, L
o
(mm) 45.00 mm
Test Fluid Ethanol


Time , t
(seconds)
Change oI
height, AL
(mm)
New eIIective
distance oI mass
transIer, L
L
o
AL
(mm)
L L
o

(mm)
t/(LL
o
)
(s/mm)
Cumulative
L - L
o

(mm)
600 -0.72 44.28 89.28 6.72 0.72
1200 -0.91 44.09 89.09 13.47 0.91
1800 -1.31 43.69 88.69 20.30 1.31
2400 -1.70 43.30 88.30 27.18 1.70
3000 -1.99 43.01 88.01 34.09 1.99

Table 4.1: Experiment result

DiIIusivity and rate oI mass transIer is calculated using this equation;

A
= _

BM
]


Where,
D diIIusivity Ior the system, m/s
2
C
A
saturation concentration at interIace, kmol/m
3

L eIIective distance oI mass transIer, m
C
T
total molar concentration, kmol/m
3

C
BM
logarithmic mean value oI C
B
, kmol/m
3



Evaporation rate equation;

A
= _
p
L
H
I

]


Where,
p
L
= uensity of liquiu, kg/m
3

M molecular weight oI liquid, kg/kmol


By solving both equation, the Iinal equation obtain are,

I +I
0
= _
p
L

1
H
A

1
_ (I - I
0
)


Compare equation with = + c , using the result obtain in table 1, graph oI
t
L+L
O
versus
(I - I
0
) can be plot. So the slope oI the graph is
p
L
C
A
C
T
2MC
A
C
T
. Hence we can calculate the value oI
diIIusivity coeIIicient, =
p
L
C
BM
2MC
A
C
T
S



ure 4.1: Graph oI t/LLo vs L Lo


From the graph, value oI slope,s 15.91s/mm
2
15910000s/m
2



To Iind C
BM
;

BM
=

B1
-
B2
ln

B1

B2

Which, C
B1
C
T

And,
B2
=
1-p
1

1



P can be obtain using Antoinne equation (vapour pressure) oI ethanol given as


log
10
p = 8. -
9.8
+ .8

p = .8E = .9o
y 13912x
0
3
10
13
20
23
30
33
40
0 03 1 13 2 23
t
]
L
+
L
o
L Lo
Graph of t]L+Lo vs L Lo

1
= _

S
] _

]_

S
]

1
= _
o
.
3
] _
K
K +
]_
o
o
]

1
= .98o
3


C
A
, saturation concentration at interIace;
C
A
C
T
=
p
P

A
=
p

A
=
.9o
o
.98o
3

A
= .98o
3

B2
= _
- .9

] .98o
3

B2
= .o
3

So,

BM
=
.98o
3
- .o
3
ln
.98o
3
.o
3

BM
= .o
3

Substitute all the value into =
p
L
C
BM
2MC
A
C
T
S

= _
(89
3
).o
3

.
o

.98o

3

.98o

3
(
9s
m
)
_

DiIIusivity oI the system is,
= .
-5

2
/s

4.2 Dscuss43


DiIIusion is one oI the examples oI mass transIer process. Molecular diIIusion or
molecular transport can be deIined as the transIer or movement oI individual molecules through
a Iluid by means a random, individual movement oI molecules (Geankoplis, page 412). In this
experiment, the method use to determine the diIIusion coeIIicient Ior ethanol gas is to evaporate
a pure liquid in a narrow tube with a gas passed over the top. The Iall in liquid level is measured
with time (as in the Table 4.1).


Using all the data obtain Irom Table 4.1, graph is plotted and using slope Irom the graph
the diIIusivity is calculated. It is Iound that diIIusivity rate Ior the system obtain is .

-5

2
/s. DiIIusion rate can increase with the increase oI temperature. II the surrounding oI the
system is warmer, it will increase the kinetic energy oI the molecule hence increase the diIIusion
rate oI the gases. The atoms and molecules in a gas are in constant motion. Temperature is a
measure oI the speed with which they move. (More exactly it is a measure oI their kinetic
energy.) The higher the temperature, the Iaster the molecules move.


There are several Iactors that aIIect diIIusion other than temperature, which have a direct
eIIect towards the diIIusion coeIIicient value obtain. Most important Iactor to be considered is
the concentration gradient since it is the main Iactor that moving the whole process together.
When there is high concentration diIIerent between the mixtures, the diIIusion occurs very Iast.
The viscosity oI the mixture as iI the mixture is high in viscosity, rate oI diIIusion is decreasing
because there is less space Ior the solute molecule to move around to diIIuse. Other than that, the
size oI molecules also aIIects the rate oI diIIusion. Smaller particles will diIIuse Iaster.


CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 C43clus43


As a conclusion, the temperature are aIIecting diIIusion coeIIicient as the
temperature increase, the diIIusion rate will increase. DiIIusivity rate obtain Irom the result oI
experiment are .
-5

2
/s.




5.2 Rec422e3/at43


To improve this experiment, there are several recommendations that can be provided to
improve the result oI the experiment. The Iollowing recommendations are:


i) Make sure the eye was parallel with the scale when taking reading Irom the
travelling microscopes.


ii) Take 5 readings as the results will always Iluctuating and make a standard
deviation Irom that.