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Beyond Accessibility: Designing Museums and Exhibits that Welcome and Satisfy All Visitors
November 17, 2011 Build Boston
Socially Sustainable Design
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Welcome
TheBostonSocietyofArchitects/AIA isaRegisteredProviderwithThe AmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems.Credit earnedoncompletionofthisprogramwillbereportedtoCESRecordsfor AIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionfornonAIAmembersare availableonrequest. ThisprogramisregisteredwiththeAIA/CESforcontinuingprofessional education.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedor construedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialof constructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,or dealinginanymaterialorproduct.Questionsrelatedtospecific materials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionof thispresentation.
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Copyright Materials
ThispresentationisprotectedbyUSandInternationalCopyrightlaws. Reproduction,distribution,displayanduseofthepresentationwithout writtenpermissionofthespeakerisprohibited. InstituteforHumanCenteredDesign,2011
Session Objectives
Learndetailsofthe2010ADAStandardsandtheirimplicationsfor museums; Appreciatetheinterpretationofmuseumresponsibilitiesfor accessibilitytodayasjudgedbyDepartmentofJusticesettlement agreements; Understandhowtoframedesignsolutionformuseumsintendedto enhanceandenrichthevisitorexperience; Illustratesolutionsforinclusivemuseumdesign.
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Presenters
JaniceMajewski,AccessibilitySpecialist,USDepartmentofJustice, Washington,DC Nurit NeustadtNoy,Ph.D,Principal,Consultationand RehabilitationServicesforBlindandVisuallyImpairedPersons, Netaim,Israel ChrisDowney,RA,Principal,ArchitecturefortheBlind,Oakland,CA EmmanuelAndrade,Assoc.AIA,LEEDAP,ArchitecturalDesigner, InstituteforHumanCenteredDesign,Boston,MA(moderator)
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2coreideas...
Variationinabilityisordinary, notspecial, anditaffectsmostofus foratleastpartofourlives.
InternationalClassificationofFunctioning, DisabilityandHealth(2001) Mainstreamedtheexperienceofdisability andrecognizeditasauniversalhuman experience Equalizedmentalandphysicalreasonsfor disability Redefineddisabilityasacontextual phenomenon,dictatedbytheintersection ofapersonandhis/herenvironment
UNIVERSALDESIGNPRINCIPLES
EquitableUse. Thedesignisusefulandmarketabletopeoplewithdiverseabilities. FlexibilityinUse. Thedesignaccommodatesawiderangeofindividualpreferencesandabilities. Simple,IntuitiveUse. Useofthedesigniseasytounderstand,regardlessoftheusersexperience, knowledge,languageskills,orcurrentconcentrationlevel. PerceptibleInformation. Thedesigncommunicatesnecessaryinformationeffectivelytotheuser,regardless ofambientconditionsortheuserssensoryabilities. ToleranceofError. Thedesignminimizeshazardsandtheadverseconsequencesofaccidentalor unintendedactions. LowPhysicalEffort. Thedesigncanbeusedefficientlyandcomfortably,andwithaminimumoffatigue. SizeandSpaceforApproach&Use. Appropriatesizeandspaceisprovidedforapproach,reach,manipulation,anduse, regardlessoftheusersbodysize,posture,ormobility.
Beyond Accessibility:
Designing Museums and Exhibits That Welcome and Satisfy All Visitors
36 million Americans have disabilities 74 million Americans are 55 + 37% of 65+ have disabilities 2009, 2.2 million vets with service-related
(U.S. Census) (Administration on Aging) (U.S. Census)
disability
Access: Navigation
Legible signs, lighting, and absence of protruding objects and overhead obstructions provides an accessible trip through the museum
Access: Visuals
Visual presentations require auxiliary aids and services to provide access to people who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Access: Audio
Audiovisual presentations require auxiliary aids and services to provide access to people who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Beyond Accessibility: Designing Museums and Exhibits that Welcome and Satisfy All
Nurit Neustadt
Why Should museums be accessible to visually impaired, blind and all persons?
Welcoming a diversified audience that includes people with disabilities enhances educational, recreation opportunity and simply enjoying artwork Making museums design and exhibits accessible to individuals with disabilities increases business opportunities The law requires it
This presentation will focus on ways to make museums more accessible to visually impaired and blind patrons by applying simple physical arrangements, using systems that may increase the joy of art and exhibitions. The presentation will include examples of systems that require no technology, low and high technology.
No Tech
There are many ways in which an exisiting museum can improve access to blind and partially sighted people including: Physical adaptations Guided tours in which the building, collections and context is described Tactile images that represent works of art, artefacts, building facades, building layouts raised images alongside text Touching the real thing through touch tours or handling sessions All print information in the venue is also in accessible formats (e.g. large print, audio cassette, braille)
Tate Gallery
3rings.designerpages.com/.../
http://www.solvinaward.com/projects/innovation?page=6
Way-finding and visual language Informative hand bar Braille Way-finding for the disabled is an area of visual language communication that is often over looked by designers. Coco Raynes Associates have designed a handrail for the blind that contains Braille information on the inside and multilingual audio information that can be activated by photo sensors. They have also developed Tactile Maps that can be read by the blind and partially sighted with Braille and varying textures.
Low Tech
Haptic Torch
The Haptic Torch is a device designed to significantly improve navigational abilities for people with varying levels of visual impairment. The unique design of the torch allows users to range from sighted individuals in low-light conditions to people who are both deaf and blind. The torch provides a method of alerting users to presence of potential hazards using noncontact measurement techniques. An subtle tactile (touch) interface conveys relevent information to the user while not interfering with other senses. Designed to be intuitive, familirization with the device takes less than a minute. By providing constantly updating analogue range information the user can determine the distance to an object and any changes in object position. This permits easy navigation of doorframes, optimum path identification between obstacles, location of objects in open spaces and most importantly the ability to plan a path over 3meters prior to reaching a hazard. The result are graceful movements taken mid-stride with the large reliable aura of perception increasing confidence and speed in the user.
Audio Guides
High Tech
Audio Signage
BrailliantTouch audio
The uses for this unit are unlimited. It can serve as a practical direction-finding aid to indicate the location of exits, rooms, orientation points and stairs, as an information system to advise visitors about features and events, or as a simple guide to interpretive centers and on trails. Containing talking messages that are triggered automatically by a motion.
Talking Signs
Talking Signs
1 Blind 2 Adult 3 Child
Cyberasaurus
1 A skeleton of a cyberasaurus is standing on its hind legs. It is on a platform facing you 2 Up to 20 tall, this cyberasaurus was a voracious carnivore living 60 million years ago 3 This is a skeleton of an extinct dinosaur called the cyberasaurus. Extinct means that it
A vision chair based on BacharitasFeinsod prototype of early 1970ties Eyal Burstein Beta Tank UK
BrainPort
Natalie Ruschell, tests the BrainPort device. The BrainPort technology consisting of a tiny camera mounted on glasses, a handheld control device, and a mouth probe allowed Ruschell to safely avoid obstacles while walking.
KAPTEO
The iWear AV920 connects to almost any video device and delivers a virtual display equivalent to a 62-inch screen viewed from 9 feet
JORDY
http://www.enhancedvision.com/assets/flash/demos/dem os.cfm?demo=Jordy
This system is another solution for active lifestyle, enabling to read, write, and see in any environment including work, home, museum exhibits. JORDY is a battery-operated, full-color portable system that can be worn like a pair of glasses to see near, far, and anything inbetween. When placed on its optional desktop stand and attached to any monitor, it becomes a fully functional desktop video magnifier.
This technology is an affordable graphic reading systems for the blind and visually impaired. The system bring electronic images to life in the same way that Braille makes words readable.
http://www.gizmag.com/go/8267/
beMerlin, a gesture-based interactive system that plays out as an interactive window. Although it is used for visual merchandising, it looks like it has potential for other uses, such as wayfinding, building directories, interactive museum exhibits, and education.
http://www.google.co.il/imgres?imgurl=http://www.atracsys.com/images/beMerlin_ex_small.jpg&imgrefurl=http://interactivemultimediatechno FQ6LhkF7QVV5KQ=&h=313&w=320&sz=74&hl=iw&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=lXfdLdMpwKZa1M:&tbnh=115&tbnw=118&ei=U6mTv7fHYa4hAe874iUBA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dwayfinding%2Btechnology%2Baccessible%2Bexhibits%2Bmuseums%2Bblind%2Bvisually% 1
GPS isn't perfect. It doesn't actually work everywhere. Buildings terrain, electronic interference and sometimes even dense foliage can block signal reception. And for certain applications, such as wayfinding inside buildings, three meter accuracy isn't sufficient. Outdoors, receivers that combine GPS with complementary dead-reckoning technologies to estimate position by continuously tracking course, direction, and speed can handle the big picture.
What looks like a modern piece of plastic jewelry is actually a navigation system that uses GPS, voice commands and audio and haptic feedback to provide the blind with a level of independence that is currently impossible for many. Yanko Design notes that it could benefit the sighted as well, simply making it fast and easy to navigate a new location, museums and complex buildings.
KNFB
Voice Eye
Top-Braille
WuFu glasses use ultrasonic waves to create tactile images for the blind
Intended towards visually impaired, the WuFu is an open hardware and open source aid that makes use of ultrasonic distance measurement, employed by the bat to fly without colliding with other bats in the dark. Drawing its name from the Chinese phrase five bats representing a symbol of luck and a long life, the visual aid carries the ultrasonic waves to sensors on opaque glasses and translates them, using two motors attached to the wrists of the wearer, into vibrations. Therefore, the glasses create tactile images of the surrounding space for the users, so they could move freely on their own, while a compass sensor tracks the direction of the user to keep him/her on the right path.
CASBliP, also known as Cognitive Aid System for Blind People is a work in progress that aims at using visual sensors to help the visually impaired. People who could benefit from CASBliP range from those who see very little to totally blind persons. The system can either amplify visual stimuli (by enhancing contrasts, colors etc...) or turn visual/obstacle information into sounds that can be interpreted by the wearer. The project is developed as a collaborative European project that involves many engineering schools and universities
Museums proud to announce that they are accessible and inclusive to all
Chicago Field Museum The Smithsonian Institution Royal Ontario Museum Metropolitan Victoria and Albert New Tate Museum The British National Gallery National Museums of France National Museum of Colombia
A large group of Disabled people, representing various ultures and impairments are standing at the bottom of a flight of steep steps leading up to an arts venue. There are large signs around advising that there is a cultural event taking place - by invitation only. People can be seen in the background standing around and talking on the venue patio. The Disabled protesters are holding up large sheets of Paper containing information regarding various laws that provide unrestricted access to cultural events by Disabled people. These laws are headed up under the titles of the United Nations Convention and the Human Rights Act. One of the protesters is also holding up a sign that says 'Full access to culture - by law'. At the top of the steps is a white man in a blue suite, standing with one hand in his trouser pocket. He is saying to the group of Disabled protesters: "But then you're all assuming that we actually give a toss!"
Beyond Accessibility: Designing Museums and Exhibits that Welcome and Include all Visitors
Introduction So what do we mean by Beyond Accessibility? Is ADA not enough? Contrasting opinions More awareness of people with sensory and cognitive impairments
Sight Specifics Population stats and comps Spectrum of blindness Perfect vs.-Imperfect Blindness
Alternate Views
Alternate Views
Macular Degeneration
Alternate Views
Glaucoma
Alternate Views
Cataract
Alternate Views
**Prevalence of disease expected to double by 2030 Courtesy: National Eye Institute, NIH
Diabetic Retinopathy
Alternate Views
Total Blindness
Personal Experience Reflections from the hospital bed Sensory deprivation or re-allocation
Personal Experience The view from inside Figure 307.2 Extent of ADA Form: Protruding objects and head clearance
Extent of ADA for VI Architectural Room Signs Wayfinding Signs But did we miss something here?
Universal Design What is an architect to do? Create better, more effective and more inclusive design
Universal Design Seven principals of Universal Design: Equitable in use with normal, limited or no sight Flexibility in use with normal, limited or no sight Simple or intuitive use with normal, limited or no sight Perceptive information with normal, limited or no sight Tolerance for error with normal, limited or no sight Low physical effort with normal, limited or no sight Size and space for approach and use with normal, limited or no sight
Universal Design Multi-sensory design for Commodity and Delight Touch / Tactile Pallets Acoustics Olfactory? Taste?? High Contrast
Universal Design Look beyond yourself into disabled communities, users and professionals into books including: Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence, by John Hockenberry Out of Sight, by Georgina Kleege A sense of the World, How a Blind Man Became Historys Greatest Traveler, by Jason Roberts
Case Studies American Folk Art Museum, NYC by Tsien & Williams Art Beyond Sight 1st International Conference of Blind Architects
Courtesy of
Courtesy of
Case Studies Kimball Art Museum Fort Worth, Texas by Luis Kahn
Beyond Architecture Look out for emerging technologies Interior wayfinding DeYoung iPad Tactile audible maps and models
Architects Challenge
A disability is a condition that may limit a persons mobility, hearing, vision, speech or mental function. A handicap is a restriction or a disadvantage that is placed on a person. For example, some people with disabilities use wheelchairs. Stairs, curbs and narrow doors are handicaps that hinder people who use wheelchairs. People with disabilities are not handicapped unless these kinds of barriers are put in their way. From the Boy Scouts disability Merit Badge Handbook
Awareness Disability vs. Handicap Visible Barriers Invisible Barriers The architects vital role
Conclusion Opposing perceptions from across the visual divide So which came first, the chicken or the egg?
Conclusion Imagine inclusion or perpetuate exclusion Design that is inclusive of the blind, people with other sensory impairments as well as various physical and cognitive impairments will provide a richer and more effective environment for all.
Conclusion Thanks, Chris Downey, AIA Architecture for the Blind www.arch4blind.com chris.downey@arch4blind.com
Thankyou.
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems program.
QUESTIONS?
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