Mechanical

DIVISION 15
15060 HVAC PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying pipe, pipe fittings and accessories.
Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
All piping work to conform to the latest edition of the appropriate ANSI Code for Pressure Piping and Power
Piping, and ANSI/ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping, including latest amendments.
C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1. Design piping, fittings and accessories to be suitable for the pressure and temperatures of the service.
Ascertain system working pressure and provide piping accordingly, based on the systems to be tested
at 150 percent of maximum system working pressure.
2. The design drawings shall reflect pipe locations where there is sufficient space to properly support all
pipes, including allowances for insulation and pipeline accessories.
3. Piping shall be designed, in general, to run perpendicular and/or parallel to floors and walls. Where
practical, piping and valves shall be grouped so as to avoid reducing headroom.
4. Provide proper provision for expansion and contraction in all portions of pipework, to prevent undue
strains on piping or apparatus connected therewith.
5. Submit calculations that tabulate each system’s pressure requirements.
D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Submit manufacturer’s data for pipe and fittings for each piping system.
E. QUALITY ASSURANCE
1. Installer company specializing in piping systems with ten (10) years minimum experience.
2. Conform to ANSI B31.1.0 and applicable portions of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The
welders should be certified under the rules of the National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau and
qualified by either the National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau or an independent testing laboratory.
Welder should be certified under ASME procedures for welds on boilers and pressure vessels.
Copies of the welder’s certificates should be made available to the Owner, Architect or Engineer upon
request.
F. INSTALLATION OF PIPING
1. Provide and erect in a workmanlike manner, according to the best practices of the trade, all piping
shown on the drawings or required to complete the installation intended by these specifications.
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2. Install piping tight to slabs, beams, joists, columns, walls and other permanent elements of the
building. Provide space to permit insulation applications, with 1” clearance outside the insulation.
Allow sufficient space above removable ceiling panels to allow for panel removal.
3. Locate groups of pipes parallel to each other, spaced to permit applying full insulation and servicing
of valves. All valves and piping specialties must be accessible when all of the trades have completed
their work.
4. All piping shall be run perpendicular and/or parallel to floors and interior walls. Piping and valves
shall be grouped neatly and shall be run so as to avoid reducing headroom.
5. All valves, controls and accessories concealed in furred spaces and requiring access for operation and
maintenance shall be arranged to assure the use of a minimum number of access doors.
6. Closely plan and coordinate concealed piping and ductwork above suspended ceilings to avoid
interferences, and install to maintain suspended ceiling heights shown on architectural drawings.
7. All piping connections to coils and equipment shall be made with offsets provided with screwed or
welded bolted flanges so arranged that the equipment can be serviced or removed without dismantling
the piping.
8. Cap all openings in pipes during progress of the work. Temporarily cover the open ends of all pipes
not actively being installed and at the end of each work day to prohibit the influx of foreign materials.
9. Reductions in pipe size made with eccentric reducers shall have the tops level for water piping and
bottoms level for steam piping.
10. Piping shall be concealed wherever possible. Piping shall be installed so that same can be drained of
all water.
11. Use fittings for all changes in direction, at all branch connections, terminations, and for change in pipe
size.
12. Remake leaking joints using new materials.
13. No piping or work of any kind shall be concealed or covered until all required tests have been
satisfactorily completed.

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H. PIPE JOINTS
1. Threaded Joints
a. Thread pipe with tapered pipe threads in accordance with ANSI B2.1. Ream threaded ends
to remove burrs. Apply pipe joint sealant (Rectorseal No. 5) or Teflon tape suitable for the
service for which the pipe is intended on the male threads at each joint. Teflon tape shall not
be used for oil services.
2. Welded Joints
a. Weld pipe joints in accordance with ASME Code for “Power Piping,” B31.1.
b. Whenever welded piping connects to equipment valves or other units needing maintenance,
servicing, or possible removal, flange the connecting joints. Match the pressure rating of the
pipe flanges with the pressure rating of the flanges on the equipment to which the piping
connects. Provide flanged pipe sections to permit removal of equipment components.
c. Welding Process: Sizes 4 inch and smaller, use either gas welding (oxyacetylene process) or
metallic arc process; sizes above 4 inch, use metallic arc process.
d. Beveling and Welding: All pipe 2½ inches and larger may be purchased mill beveled or
shall be machine beveled on both ends before welding. On odd lengths of pipe, beveling
may be accomplished by means of the oxyacetylene cutting torch provided all paint, rust,
scale and oxide are carefully removed with hammer, chisel or file and bevel left smooth and
clean. Joints shall be prepared and welded to assure thorough fusion of alignment and the
production of a joint that shall develop the full strength of the pipe and that shall be
leakproof in service.
e. Welding Rods: The welding rod used for welding steel and wrought iron shall be approved
welding rod in accordance with ASTM Spec. A233. Electrodes of Classifications E6012,
E6013, E7014 and E7024 shall not be used.
f. Repair of Welds and Weld Defects
1) A weld is considered defective and shall be repaired if it does not meet the
acceptance standard of each applicable non-destructive examination as defined
ASME/ANSI B31.9.
2) Repairs shall be made in accordance with ASME/ANSI B31.9.
3. Brazed Joints: For copper tube and fitting joints, braze joints in accordance with the AWS “Soldering
Manual”, the Contractor’s tested Procedure Qualification Record, ANSI B31.1 – Standard Code for
Pressure Piping, “Power Piping”, ANSI B9.1 – Standard Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.
4. Soldered Joints: For copper tube and fitting joints, solder joints in accordance with the AWS
“Soldering Manual” and “The Copper Handbook.” Thoroughly clean tube surface and inside surface
of the cup of the fittings, using very fine emery cloth, prior to making soldered joints. Wipe tube and
fittings clean and apply flux. Flux shall not be used as the sole means for cleaning tube and fitting
surfaces.

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G. MATERIALS FOR PIPING AND FITTINGS
Service Material Schedule
Chilled Water Schedule 40 CS-1

Hot Water Black Steel
Or
Hot/Chilled Water Type 'L' Copper CU-1
Condenser Water (for pipe sizes 4" and
Process Cooling smaller)
Condensate Drainage
Steam Schedule 40 CS-2
Black Steel
Condensate Return and Schedule 80 CS-3
Pumped Condensate Black Steel
Fuel Oil Transportation Schedule 40 CS-4
Vent and Fill Galvanized Steel
Refrigerant Type 'ACR' Copper CU-2
Compressed Air Copper CU-1
(Controls) Hard (Exposed Areas)
Soft (Concealed Areas)
Diesel Engine Exhaust Steel CS-3
Underground High and Schedule 40 UGP-1
Low Pressure Steam Black Steel
Underground Condensate Schedule 80 UGP-2
Return Black Steel
Underground Chilled Schedule 40 UGP-3
Water and Heating Black Steel
Hot Water
15060-3 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

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CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-1
Service Chilled Water

Hot Water
Hot/Chilled Water
Condenser Water
Process Chilled Water
Design Criteria
-Up to 2-1/2 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2 ft wg per 100 ft of pipe
-3 inch to 6 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2.5 ft wg per 100 ft of pipe
-8 inch & larger Maximum velocity of 8 ft per second
Water Capacity Guideline Pipe Size (Inch) Water Flow (GPM)
Schedule 3/4 3
1 6
1-1/4 12
1-1/2 18
2 36
2-1/2 55
3 100
4 210
5 375
6 600
8 1250
10 1950
12 2800
Piping
-Material Carbon Steel
-Schedule 40
-ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Seamless Grade A or B
Fittings
-Size/Material 2 inches & under 2-1/2 inches & over
Malleable iron Butt weld or flanged
-ANSI Press. Class 150 150
-ANSI Dim. Spec. B16.1, B16.3, B16.4, B16.5 & B16.9
-ASTM Mat. Spec. A234, A105
Unions
-Size 2 inches & under
-Material Malleable
-ANSI Press. Class 150
-Std. ANSI B16.39
-Type Ground joint

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Nipples
-Material Carbon steel
-Schedule 80
-ASTM Mat. Spec. A53
-Type Shoulder (no close nipples)
Piping Connections
-2 inches & under Screwed
-2-1/2 inches & over Butt weld (flanged at equipment)
Pipe Flanges
-Type Weld-neck or slip-on
Pipe Sealant
-Type U.L. listed thread pipe sealant 561R
John Crane heavy duty industrial grade
Pipe Flange Gaskets
-Type Ring gaskets
-Thickness, in. 1/16
-Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Stock 3000 Blue-Gard
Flange Bolts & Nuts
-ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2 HEX
Manufacturer Bonney Forge & Tool Works, Grinnell, Walworth,
Crane, Tube Turn, or equal
Remarks
1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B
2. "Compact" or short material field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not
acceptable.
3. "Weld-O-Lets" may be used in lieu of welding tees if the branch pipe is at
least two sizes smaller than the main.

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Service Low and High Pressure Steam

Design Criteria
-Steam (15 psig and less) 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook Chapter 35
Pipe Sizing - Table 16
Pipe Size Pressure Drop

Below 4" 1/8 psi per 100 ft. of length
4" and larger 1/4 psi per 100 ft. of length
Table 17 (no limitations)

-Steam (greater than 15 psig) Maximum velocity of 1,000 fpm per inch of pipe
diameter.
Velocity not to exceed 9,000 fpm. Do not use pipe
size smaller than 1 inch.
Piping
-Schedule 40
Fittings
Malleable iron Butt weld or flanged
Unions
-Material Malleable iron
-Std. ANSI B16.39
-Type Ground joint
Nipples
-Schedule 80
-ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Grade A or B
-Type Shoulder (no close nipples)
Piping Connections
2 inches & under
(Low pressure only less than Screwed
15 PSIG)
-2 inches & under Socket weld
-2-1/2 inches & over Flanged or welded

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Pipe Flanges
-Type Weld-Neck or Slip-On
-ANSI Press. Class 300 (steam pressure above 15 psig)
-ANSI Press. Class 150 (steam pressure 15 psig and below)
Pipe Sealant
Pipe Flange Gaskets
-Type Ring gaskets
-ANSI Press. Class 300 (steam pressure above 15 psig)
-ANSI Press. Class 150 (steam pressure 15 psig and below)
-Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Style ST-706
Flange Bolts & Nuts
-Material Carbon steel (high temp.)
-ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2
Remarks
1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.
2. "Compact" or short-material field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not
acceptable.

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Service Condensate return

Diesel engine exhaust
Design Criteria For low pressure see 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals
Handbook Chapter 35 Pipe Sizing
Table 18
High pressure
Pumped condensate return shall be sized according
to Water Capacity Schedule in Piping Schedule CS-1
Piping
-Schedule 80
Fittings
-Size/Material 2 inches & under/Cast iron
2-1/2 inches & over/Butt-weld or flanged
-ANSI Dim. Spec. B16.1, B16.3, B16.4, B16.5 & 16.9
Unions
-Press. Rating 300
-Std. ANSI B16.39
-Type Ground joint
Nipples
-Schedule 80
-ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Grade A or B
-Type Extra heavy shoulder (no close nipples)
Piping Connections
-2 Inches and Under Screwed
(Low pressure only less than 15
PSIG)
-2 inches & under Socket-Weld
-2-1/2 inches & over Flanged or welded
Pipe Sealant
Pipe Flanges
-Type Weld-Neck or Slip-On

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Pipe Flange Gaskets
-Type Ring gaskets
-Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Style ST-706
Flange Bolts & Nuts
-ASTM Mat. Spec. A307 Hex
-ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2 Hex
Crane, Tube Turn
Remarks
acceptable.
3. "Weld-O-Lets" may be used in lieu of welding tees if the branch pipe is at least two
sizes smaller than the main.

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GALVANIZED CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-4
Service Fuel oil transportation, vent & fill

Design Criteria Apply best design practices
Piping
-Material Galvanized carbon steel
-Schedule 40
Fittings
Galvanized Galvanized
Malleable iron Flanged
Unions
-Std. ANSI B16.39
-Type Ground joint
Nipples
-Schedule 80
-Type Shoulder
Piping Connections
-2 inches & under Screwed
-2-1/2 inches & over Flanged
Pipe Sealant
Pipe Flanges
-Type Galvanized companion
Pipe Flange Gaskets
-Type Ring gaskets
-Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Stock 3000 Blue-Gard
Flange Bolts & Nuts

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GALVANIZED CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-4
-ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2 HEX

Remarks
acceptable.

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COPPER PIPING SCHEDULE CU-1
Service Chilled Water

Hot Water
Hot/Chilled Water
Condenser Water
Process Chilled Water
Condensate Drainage
Compressed Air (Controls)
Limitation up to 4" pipe diameter
Design Criteria
-Up to 2-1/2 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe
-3 inch & 4 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2.5 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe
-Hydronic Water Capacity Pipe Size (Inch) Water Flow (GPM)
Guideline Schedule 3/4 2.5
1 5
1-1/4 9
1-1/2 15
2 31
2-1/2 55
3 95
4 200
-Condensate Drainage AC Tons Minimum Drain Size
Capacity Schedule 0-20 1"
21-40 1-1/4"
41-60 1-1/2"
61-100 2"
101-250 3"
251 & larger 4"
Pipe size shall not be smaller than drain pan outlet.

3/4" diameter will be permitted on individual fan oil
unit drains.
-Pneumatic Capacity Apply best design practices
Schedule
Piping
-Material Hard temper copper
-Schedule Type L
-Std. ANSI/ASTM B88
Fittings
-Material Wrought copper
-Press. Rating, PSIG N/A
-Std. ANSI B16.22

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Unions
-Material Bronze
-Press. Rating 125
-Std. ASTM B62
-Type Ground joint
Piping Connections
-2-1/2" & under Solder joints - 95%-5% Tin-Antimony
-2-1/2" & over Solder joints - 95%-5% Tin-Antimony
-Hot water
-2-1/2 inches & over Brazed joints - silver solder (15%)
-Equipment & valve
connections
-2 inches & under Screwed adapters soldered to cast bronze union, WOG
pattern, with ground joint at all non-flanged equipment
-2-1/2 inches & over Flanged at valves & equipment
Pipe Flange Gaskets Garlock Style ST-706
Underground Piping Not permitted

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Service Refrigerant
Design Criteria Apply best design practices
Piping
-Material Hard temper copper
-Schedule ACR
-Std. ANSI/ASTM B88
Fittings
-Size 1-1/2 & under 2 thru 4
-Material Wrought copper Wrought copper
-Std. ANSI B16.22 B16.22/B-75
C12200
Unions
-Material Bronze
-Press. Rating 125
-Std. ASTM B62
-Type Ground joint
Piping Connections
-2-1/2 inches & under Solder joints - 95%-5% Tin-Antimony
-2-1/2 inches & over Brazed joints - Silver solder (15%)
Equipment & Valve
Connections
-2 inches & under Screwed adapters soldered to cast bronze union, WOG
pattern, with ground joint at all non-flanged equipment
-2-1/2 inches & over Flanged at valves & equipment
Remarks
1. Back purge refrigerant tubing with nitrogen during brazing operations.

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UNDERGROUND PIPING SCHEDULE UGP-1
Service Underground high pressure steam (greater than 15 psi)

Underground low pressure steam (less than 15 psi)
Design Criteria
-Steam (less than 15 psi) Maximum velocity of 1,000 fpm per inch of pipe
diameter. Velocity not to exceed 6,000 fpm. Do
not use pipe sizes smaller than 2 inches.
-Steam (greater than 15 psi) Maximum velocity of 1,000 fpm per inch of pipe
diameter. Velocity not to exceed 9,000 fpm. Do
not use pipe sizes smaller than 2 inches.
Piping System Double-wall pre-insulated piping system
Carrier Pipe
-Material Black carbon steel
-Schedule 40 (hydronic applications), 80 (steam and condensate)
-ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 seamless, grade A or B
-Joints Welded
Jacket Pipe
-Material HDPE
-Schedule 1/4"
-ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. -
-Joints Welded
-Coating Fiberglass reinforced urethane elastomer coating
Insulation
-Material Fiberglass
Manufacturers Perma-Pipe, Rovanco
Remarks
2. Compact or short-material, field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.
3. Direct burial piping systems shall be set in a sand bed, minimum 12" around the pipe.

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Service Underground condensate return

Design Criteria Maximum velocity of 600 fpm. Do not use pipe
size smaller than 1-1/2 inches.
Carrier Pipe
-Schedule 80
-Joints Welded
-Fittings Extra heavy
Jacket Pipe
-Schedule Minimum 10 gauge
-Joints Welded
Insulation
Remarks

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Service Underground chilled water

Underground hot water heating
Design Criteria
-Up to 2-1/2 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe
-3 inch to 6 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2.5 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe
-8 inch & larger Maximum velocity of 8 ft. per second
Carrier Pipe
-Schedule 40
-Joints Welded
Jacket Pipe
-Schedule Minimum 10 gauge
-Joints Welded
Insulation
Remarks

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DIVISION 15
15090 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR HVAC PIPING
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying pipe hangers, supports, guides,
expansion joints, anchors and other accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines
are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. Pipe hangers and supports should comply with the recommendation of Standards SP-58 and SP-69
of the Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valves and Fittings Industry.
2. The specifications should state that the Contractor should comply with the contractual relationships
recommended for the Engineer and the Contractor, as stated in Standard MSS SP-77 of the
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry.
1. Prior to beginning design, the Engineer should review building design and construction and design
suitable building attachment and pipe support and anchoring system, verifying that the existing
building structure can support new piping loads.
2. The Engineer should include the following in piping designs:
a. Pipe hanger details, including components, hanger spacing.

b. Pipe hanger systems that account for thermal expansion of piping.
c. Details of building attachments, including clarifying when support of piping from concrete
slab using expansion anchors is acceptable.
d. For large piping or where the design otherwise impacts the integrity of the building structure,
indicate locations of all pipe hangers.
e. Indicate locations and details of pipe anchors, guides and expansion joints or bends.
3. Large piping and equipment should be independently supported from building structure, not from roof
decks, etc. All piping should be directly supported from the building, not from other piping, ductwork
or equipment.
4. The Engineer should review Contractor’s hanger support shop drawings and details to verify that
unacceptable pipe movement during all phases of operation of the system (start-up, sudden gpm
changes, or shutdown) will not occur.
1. The Engineer should submit the following to the University:
a. Pipe expansion and stress calculations for hot pipes (120°F. and above), 6” and larger.
Show compliance with ANSI piping codes.
2. Provide shop drawings and product data for each pipe size and pipe service to include:
15090-1 Hangers and Supports

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a. Type and model for all manufactured pipe support components, including building
attachments, hangers, insulation saddles and shields, expansion joints, anchors.
b. Locations of anchors, expansion bends and joints.
c. Locations of building attachments where deemed necessary by the Engineer.
d. Details and supporting calculation of additional supports.
E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Provide all necessary hangers and supports of approved design to keep piping in proper alignment and
prevent transmission of injurious thrusts and vibrations. In all cases where hangers, brackets, etc., are
supported from concrete construction, care shall be taken not to weaken concrete or penetrate
waterproofing.
2. Install hangers and supports to allow controlled thermal movement of piping systems, to permit
freedom of movement between pipe anchors, and to facilitate action of expansion joints, expansion
loops, expansion bends, and similar units.
3. Load Distribution: Install hangers and supports so that piping live and dead loads and stresses from
movement will not be transmitted to connected equipment.
4. Do not hang piping from other: piping, ductwork conduits, or ceiling grids.
5. Piping subject to lateral or vertical movement should be provided with spring hanger type support.
6. Support horizontal piping in accordance with the following tables:
HANGER SPACING AND ROD SIZES FOR STEEL PIPE
Nominal Pipe Size Rod Diameter Max. Spacing
1/2 inches 3/8 inch 5 feet

3/4 inches 3/8 inch 6 feet
1 inch and 1-1/4 inches 3/8 inch 7 feet
1-1/2 inches 1/2 inch 9 feet
2 inches and 3 inches 5/8 inch 10 feet
4 inches to 6 inches 3/4 inch 10 feet
8 inches 7/8 inch 10 feet*
10 inches and 12 inches 1 inch 10 feet*
16 inches and 20 inches 1 inch 10 feet*
24 inches and 30 inches 1-1/4 inches 10 feet*
*Maximum spacing can be extended on bare pipe and insulated hot pipes with saddles up to 16
feet.

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HANGER SPACING AND ROD SIZES FOR COPPER PIPE
Nominal Pipe Size Rod Diameter Max. Spacing
1/2 and 3/4 inches 3/8 inch 5 feet

1 inch 3/8 inch 6 feet
1-1/4 inch 3/8 inch 6 feet
2 inches 5/8 inch 8 feet
3 inches 5/8 inch 10 feet
4 inches to 6 inches 3/4 inch 10 feet
7. Hangers for piping that lacks rigidity, such as “Whiteline” polypropylene pipe, shall be spaced as
recommended by the manufacturer (as a minimum) or preferably with a continuous support. Since the
spacing is typically much closer than for other piping materials, the designer must pay close attention
to the implications on his design.
F. HANGER INSTALLATION
1. Horizontal piping should be supported with adjustable clevis type hangers. Support all piping 2½
inches and smaller with clevis hangers, equal to MSS Type 1 and support cold lines 3” to 10” in size
with clevis hangers equal to MSS Type 1 except as noted below.
2. Multiple sets of piping may be supported on trapeze hangers. Lightly loaded trapeze may use
channel support system. Other applications require heavy duty steel trapeze constructed of two (2)
channels with threaded rods at each end. The channels and rods should be properly sized to
support the weight of the pipes and fluid. Double nuts on the rods should be provided.
3. a. Vertical piping should be supported by heavy wrought iron or steel clamps securely
bolted or welded to the piping, and expansion bolted to the wall.
b. Vertical piping for cold piping shall utilize pre-insulated riser clamps with inherent vapor
barriers. Alternatives will be considered for use by the University.
c. In general, use one clamp for each two floors and one clamp at each floor for copper tubing.
Where pipes are in open shafts, provide forged steel bar brackets fixed to wall.
4. Clamping pipe 2½ inches and smaller on channel support systems on bare pipe.
a. Use straps specifically designed for pipe material used and size to match outside diameter of
pipe or tubing.
b. Insulated pipes without vapor barrier can be clamped to horizontal channel supports with
straps specifically designed to match outside diameter of insulated pipe and accommodate
shield to be installed between insulated pipe and channel.
c. Use pipe insulated pipe supports similar to Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc., Series A, when
clamping insulated pipe with vapor barrier.
d. Where piping is run above the floor, and is not hung from the ceiling construction or not
supported from the floor, such piping shall be supported from the wall with channel support
systems with hangers that cradle pipe. If clamping is required, it shall meet requirements as
outlined herein before.
5. a. Hot water piping 3 inches and larger, and chilled water lines with straight runs longer than
150 feet should be supported on roller hangers, equal to MSS Type 41. Above 6” size,

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also use MSS Type 41. For insulated pipe 8 inches and larger and uninsulated pipe 12
inches and larger, provide individual MSS Type 41 trapeze hangers.
b. Wherever hangers using pipe rolls are used, provide approved steel pipe protection
saddles, spot welded to the piping at each hanger location. On cold piping, vapor barrier
jackets to cover saddle. The void between the saddle and pipe should be filled with
insulation in order to prevent sweating.
6. Provide approved roller support, floor stands, wall brackets, etc. for all lines running near the floor or
near walls, which can be properly supported or suspended by the floors or walls. Pipelines near walls
may also be hung by hangers carried from approved wall brackets at a level higher than the pipe.
7. Piping subject to lateral or vertical movement should be provided with spring hanger type supports.
G. PIPE SLOPES AND ADJUSTMENTS
1. Pipe Slopes: Install hangers and supports to provide indicated pipe slopes and so maximum pipe
deflections allowed by ASME B31.9, “Building Services Piping,” is not exceeded.
2. Adjust hangers to distribute loads evenly on attachments and to achieve indicated slope of pipe.
3. All hangers and supports shall be capable of screw adjustment after piping is erected with a locking
nut provided to prevent loss of adjustment due to pipe vibration. Hangers supporting piping
expansion loops, bends and offsets shall be secured to the building structure in such a manner that
horizontal adjustment perpendicular to the run of piping supported may be made to accommodate
displacement due to expansion. All such hangers shall be finally adjusted, both in the vertical and
horizontal direction, when the supported piping is hot.
H. HANGER PROTECTION
1. Hangers, rods, inserts and pipe rolls, exposed to weather, shall be hot-dipped galvanized or primed
steel; other hangers and supports shall be dipped in zinc chromate primer before installation.
Underground hangers shall be painted with two (2) coats of black asphaltum paint.
I. SUPPORT INSTALLATION
1. All piping 8 inches and larger either carrying water or tested with water must be supported directly
from steel beams or by means of auxiliary steel furnished and installed by the HVAC Contractor. I-
beam clamps should not be used as the clamp load may cause the I-beam flange to bend.
2. All other piping may be supported by inserts or beam clamps with sufficient holding capacity to
support twice the calculated dead load. The use of expansion bolts should be avoided in new
construction.
3. Inserts
a. Furnish, locate and set such inserts and make sure that such inserts are in place when the
concrete is poured. Construct inserts of malleable iron or pressed steel with space for rods
of all sizes. They shall permit adjustment of bolt in one (1) horizontal direction and shall,
when installed in properly cured concrete, develop full strength of bolt. Inserts shall be
galvanized, approved equal to F&S Manufacturing Company, Type A, Fig. 180, Central
Iron Mfg. Co. 100, 101, or Grinnell Fig. 281.

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b. Set inserts in position in advance of concrete work. Provide reinforcement rod in concrete
for inserts carrying pipe over 4 inches in diameter or ducts over 60 inches wide.
c. In areas where the concrete slab is exposed, inserts shall be installed flush with slab surface.
4. If any pipe is to be hung in a space where no inserts have been provided, drill holes in the slab
(subject to the Structural Consultant’s approval) and provide rods and hanger attached to an approved
fishplate or install double expansion shields connected by a 2” x 2” angle, from which the hanger rod
is to be suspended. For pipe size 2” inches and under, use single shields but the hanger spacing
defined hereinbefore to be reduced to 5’-0”. The carrying capacity and size of each shield to be
calculated on the basis of the spacing indicated above but the minimum size to be 3/8”. Shields may
be used in concrete slabs only. Shield attachments to existing steel deck to be limited to loads of 500
lbs. Heavier loads to be supported by supplementary structural steel connected to structural beams.
Provide all required supplementary steel.
5. Hangers may be directly attached to steel beams of building construction, where they occur, if
approved by Structural Engineer. Smaller pipes may be suspended from crosspieces of pipe or steel
angles which, in turn, are to be securely fastened to building beams or hung from building concrete
construction by means of rods and inserts. The intention is to provide supports which, in each case,
will be amply strong and rigid for the load, but which will not weaken or unduly stress the building.
J. ANCHORS
1. Anchor piping where shown on Drawings and as required to localize expansion or to prevent undue
strain on piping and branches. Anchors to be entirely separate from hangers. All anchor designs to be
submitted for approval and to include piping reactions which respective anchors are capable of
supporting. Provide all indicated or required expansion loops.
K. SLEEVES
1. Provide pipe sleeves for all floor and wall penetrations.
2. Sleeves shall have an internal diameter of at least 1 inch larger than the outside pipe size diameter
including insulation of the pipe passing through them. Sleeves shall extend at least 1 inch above
finish floor elevation. Similar to link-seal. Cast iron sleeves shall be set with ends flush with all
faces.
3. Sleeves for all piping passing through concrete walls or floor slabs shall be 18 gauge galvanized iron.
Sleeves shall be set before concrete is poured and before masonry construction is finished.
4. Where pipes pass through sleeves in exterior walls, the space between piping and sleeves shall be
completely closed with approved oakum and sealed with mastic, extending at least one (1) inch into
sleeve.
5. Where pipes pass through sleeves in foundation walls, a link-seal type waterproof sleeve shall be used
similar to link-seal sleeve Model CR. Sleeves shall be set with ends flush with all faces.
6. Sleeves in waterproofed floors shall be Jay R. Smith Fig. 1720 duco cast iron sleeve with integrally
cast flange and flashing device. For deeper floors use J.R. Smith Fig. No. 1721 or 1722.
7. Provide for exposed piping, both bare and covered, approved-type escutcheons where they pass
through wall, partition, floor or ceiling; on bare pipes, held in place by setscrews. Provide special

12-15-03
deep-type escutcheons for sleeves, hubs or fittings that project from wall, partition, floor or ceiling.
Escutcheons in finished areas shall be chrome-plated.
8. Where pipes pass through construction required to have a fire-resistance rating, they shall be provided
with a fireproof system conforming to UL 1479 for the specific pipe material, pipe size, insulation and
wall of floor material. Provide appropriate BSA number in shop drawing submittals.
L. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:
1. Pipe Hangers, Inserts, Saddles, Beam Clamps:
a. B-Line Systems, Inc.

b. Carpenter & Patterson, Inc.
c. Grinnell Corp.
2. Channel Support Systems:
a. B-Line Systems, Inc.

b. Grinnell Corp.; Power-Strut Unit
c. Thomas & Betts Corp.
d. Unistrut Corp.
3. Thermal-Hanger Shield Inserts:
a. Carpenter & Patterson, Inc.

b. Pipe Shields, Inc.
c. Value Engineered Products, Inc.
4. Expansion Shield:
a. Grinnell
b. Hilti, Inc.
c. Pipe Shields Inc.
5. Pre-Insulated Pipe Supports:
a. Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc.
6. Pre-Insulated Riser Clamps:
a. Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc.
7. Sleeves – Link Seal:
a. Century Line Sleeve, Thunderline Corp.

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DIVISION 15
15100 VALVES FOR HVAC PIPING
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying valves. Unless specifically
indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.
2. This Section includes general duty valves common to most HVAC piping systems; special duty valves
are specified in individual piping system specifications.
B. STANDARDS
1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Compliance: Comply with ASME B31.9 for
building services piping and ASME B31.1 for power piping.
2. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS) Compliance:
Comply with the various MSS Standard Practices referenced.
1. Design Criteria
a. The Consultant is to confirm the application, including temperature and pressure

requirements, of the specified valves to insure suitability of use in the specified systems.
b. The design drawings shall include a riser and flow diagram and details of system specialties
for all HVAC systems. Collectively, the drawing elements should capture and illustrate all
valve applications including: shut-off, balancing, bypass, control and direction flow control.
Exception: drain valves can be noted on drawings.
1. Submit shop drawings complete with: all valves, including valve type, size, service, temperature and
pressure class, location, connections (screwed ends, flanged ends or brazing ends), brazing adapters,
where required, valve identification tag, installation instructions and maintenance and operating
instructions. Submit extension stems of suitable length on insulated piping.
E. VALVE QUALITY ASSURANCE
1. Valves and valve construction to be suitable for the pressure, temperature, and fluid quality of the
service in which they are to be used.
2. Each valve shall have the maker’s name or brand, the figure or list number and the guaranteed
working pressure cast on the body and cast or stamped on the bonnet, or shall be provided with other
means of easy identification.
3. Minimum test pressure for all valves to be 1.5 times maximum system working pressure unless noted
otherwise. After piping systems have been tested and put into service, but before final adjusting and
balancing, inspect valves for leaks. Adjust or replace packing to stop leaks; replace valves if leak
persists.
15100-1 Valves for HVAC Piping

12-15-03
4. Where manufacturer’s names and model numbers are listed, they are intended to represent the type
and quality established for the project.
5. All valves, including gate valves, check valves, pressure reducers, backflow preventers, butterfly
valves, etc., shall be designed for a minimum working pressure of 125 psig to 150 psig range unless
otherwise noted.
F. VALVE APPLICATION TYPES FOR HVAC SYSTEMS
1. Valves 2” size and smaller used for HVAC water shut-off shall be ball valve type (4” will be
permitted on 4” copper pipes).
2. Valves 2-1/2” size and larger used for HVAC water shut-off shall be gate or high performance
butterfly type.
3. Steam and condensate return shut-off valves shall be gate valve type for all sizes.
4. Valves 2” size and smaller used for hydronic bypass or for flow control shall be ball valve type.
Valves 2-½” and larger shall be high performance butterfly type.
5. Valves 4” size and larger used for controlling water flow at pumps and at equipment, and for bypass
control shall be lubricated plug type.
6. All bypass or flow control valves in steam piping shall be of the globe type.
G. VALVE TYPES
1. Temperature and Pressure Classification
a. Valve temperature and pressure classification indicated herein define minimum valve
requirements. Consultant is responsible to determine the pressure class and operating
temperature and specify valves of a higher class when system requirements dictate.
2. Ball Valves
a. Ball Valves, 4” and Smaller, Bronze Body, Rated for 150 psi SWP, 600 psi WOG Pressure:
Two-piece construction; with bronze body, regular port, B-16 chromeplated ball and stem,
replaceable “Teflon” or “TFE” seats and seals, blowout-proof stem, vinyl covered steel
handle, threaded or soldered ends and extended stem for insulated piping.
3. Drain Valve (Ball)
a. Low Point and Equipment Drain Valves, ¾” Inlet Bronze Body Rated for 150 psi SWP, 400
psi WOG Pressure: Two-piece construction; with bronze body, regular port, B-16
chromeplated ball and stem, replaceable “Teflon” or “TFE” seats and seals, blowout-proof
stem, vinyl covered steel handle. System end shall be thread or solder, opposite end shall be
¾” hose connection with brass cap.
4. Gate Valves
a. Gate Valves, 2” and Smaller, Bronze Body Rated for 150 psi SWP, 300 psi WOG: Valve
shall be bronze throughout, except that handwheel shall be either malleable iron or

12-15-03
aluminum alloy and shall be of ventilated design. Valve shall have body, bonnet, solid
wedge, stem, packing box with packing, follower gland, packing nut. Stem shall be cast or
rolled bronze, threaded or soldered ends, repackable under pressure.
b. Gate Valves, 2½” and Larger, Cast Iron Body Rated for 125 psi SWP, 200 psi WOG: Valve
shall be iron body, bronze mounted solid wedge, OS&Y rising stem, body with gate guide
ribs, bolted bonnet, gate, yoke, packing box with packing, yoke cap and handwheel, all of
iron and shall have renewable bronze seat rings, bronze gate rings, or all bronze gate, bronze
bonnet bushing, either all bronze of iron and bronze follower with bolts, bronze yoke
bushing and malleable iron, steel or bronze locknut.
5. Globe Valves
a. Globe Valves, 2” and Smaller, Bronze Body Rated for 150 psi SWP, 300 psi WOG: Valve
shall be bronze throughout, except handwheel, plug and seat ring. Handwheel shall be
malleable iron or aluminum alloy of ventilated design. Valve shall have body, union bonnet,
stem packing box with packing, follower gland packing nut and plug locknut. Plug shall be
500 Brinell hardness stainless steel with wide steep seating surfaces. Seat ring shall be at
least 500 Brinell hardness stainless steel and shall be easily replaceable. Valve shall have
screwed ends. Stem shall be cast or rolled bronze.
b. Globe Valves, 2½” and Larger, Iron Body Rated for 125 psi SWP, 200 psi WOG: Valve 2
shall be an iron body bronze mounted OS&Y globe or angle valve body with belted yoke
bonnet, packing box with packing, follower gland with bolts and a handwheel all of cast iron
or malleable iron and shall have renewable bronze seat ring, bronze lower disc guide locknut
and bronze yoke bushing.
6. Butterfly Valves
a. High Performance Butterfly Valves, 2½” and Larger: MSS SP-67; ANSI Class 150 carbon
steel body conforming to ASTM A216, Type WCB. Provide lever operators with locks for
sizes 2” through 6” and gear operators with position indicator for sizes 8” through 24”. Lug
type, bi-directional valves with 316 stainless steel disc, 17-4 PH stainless steel shaft, filled
(reinforced) TFE seats and TFE packing. Seat retainer ring to be bolted in place with
stainless steel bolts.
b. Wafer type butterfly valves are not allowed.
7. Plug Valves
a. Plug Valves 2½” and Larger, Iron Body Rated for 150 psi CWP: Valve shall be eccentric
acting, resilient plug facing, stainless steel bearings, nickel seat, flanged ends. Valves up to
and including 3” shall be wrench operated, rated from 175 psi CWP; over 3” shall be worm
gear operated, rated for 200 psi CWP. Valves shall be furnished with proper lubricant for
service intended.
8. Check Valves
a. Swing Check Valves 2” and Smaller Bronze Body: MSS SP-80, Class 150, rated for 150
psi SWP, 300 psi WOG, cast bronze body and cap conforming to ASTM B-62, with
horizontal swing, Y-pattern, bronze disc, and having threaded or soldered ends. Provide
valves capable of being reground while the valve remains in the line, with threaded end
connections.
b. Swing Check Valve, 2½” and Larger, Cast Iron: MSS SP-71, Class 125, rated for 125 psi
SWP, 200 psi WOG, cast iron body and cap, bronze (ASTM B-62) or bronze faced iron

12-15-03
disk trimmed, flanged ends.
c. Spring Loaded Silent Check Valve, 2” and Smaller: MSS SP-61, bronze body, Class 150
rated for 150 psi SWP, 300 psi WOG, 18-8 stainless steel construction throughout including
guard cage, spring, valve disc, retaining ring and seat.
d. Spring Loaded Silent Check Valve, 2½” and Larger: Iron body Class 125 rated for 125 psi
SWP, 200 psi WOG, globe type, stainless steel spring, bronze seat and disc, flanged ends.
9. Flow Control Valves
a. Combination Balancing/Flow Control Valves: ½ inch to 2 inch size shall be of bronze/brass

ball construction with glass and carbon filled TFE seat rings. Valves shall have differential
pressure read-out ports across valve seat area. Read-out ports shall be fitted with internal
EPT inserts and check valves. Valve bodies to have ¼” NPT tapped drain/purge port.
Valves shall have memory stop feature allowing valve to be closed for service and then
opened to setpoint without disturbing balance position. All valves to have calibrated
nameplates to assure specific valve settings. Balancing valves shall not be used for positive
shut-off.
b. Flow Control Valves 2½” and Larger shall have a separate balancing valve. Balancing
valves shall not be used for positive shut-off. Flow control valves shall be factory calibrated,
direct acting, automatic pressure compensating type. Each valve shall limit flow rates to
within ±5 accuracy, regardless of system pressure fluctuations. Valve control mechanism
shall consist of a tamper-proof brass or stainless steel cartridge assembly with open
chambers and unobstructed flow passages. Cartridge assembly shall include a self-cleaning,
spring-loaded moving cup guided at two separate points and shall utilize the full available
differential pressure to actuate without hysteresis or binding. Differential pressure ranges
shall be minimum 3 to 40 psig. Each valve to be provided with a metal tag, chain and
stamped for system identification. Pressure taps and quick disconnect valves shall be
provided with ferrous bodies. All hydronic system flow control valves shall be of one
manufacturer. Flow control valves shall be of 250 psig design.
c. Furnish a minimum of two (2) portable flow measuring apparatus of each type required on
the project, complete with carrying case, pressure gauge, 3-way valve, hoses and
connections. Unit to be compatible with automatic flow control valves to indicate pressure
differential to determine flow rate through the valve.
10. Safety Valves
a. See Steam Specialties Section 15122.
11. Relief Valves
a. See Hydronic Specialties Section 15121.
12. Triple Duty Valves
a. NOT PERMITTED.
H. VALVE IDENTIFICATION
1. Each valve in each piping system should be tagged with a brass or aluminum tag numbered
consecutively for each system and attached to the valve with a brass or aluminum chain. Valve
tags should have stamped abbreviations of the system in addition to the valve number. The

12-15-03
Contractor should be asked to prepare a valve schedule listing each valve, system, location and
purpose.
I. VALVE INSTALLATION
1. All valves shall be installed with the best workmanship and are to have neat appearance and be
arranged so that they are easily accessible.
2. Where insulation is indicated or specified, provide extended stems of suitable length to

accommodate the insulation.
3. Valves shall be installed and arranged to have a neat appearance.
4. Locate valves for easy access and provide separate support, where necessary.
5. Install valves in horizontal piping with stem at or above center of pipe.
6. Install valves in position to allow full stem movement.
7. Install chainwheel operators on valves 4-inch and larger and more than 96-inches above floor.
Extend chains to 60 inches above finished floor elevation.
8. Install check valves for proper direction of flow and as follows:
a. Swing Check Valves: In horizontal position with hinge pin level.

b. Dual-Plate Check Valves: In horizontal or vertical position, between flanges.
c. Lift Check Valves: With stem upright and plumb.
J. VALVE PLACEMENT GUIDELINES
1. Within each building there shall be a building valve to isolate the service to the building.
2. Isolation valves shall be provided at all pumps, tanks, reducing and automatic or mechanical flow
control devices, radiation, coils and heat exchangers, and at all other apparatus requiring partial
drainage of the system for periodic maintenance or inspection. The isolation valves shall be so
located as to permit removal and/or service of the isolated equipment without draining complete or
substantial portions of the system. Except where flanged valves are used, each connection to
equipment shall be made with screwed or flanged union on the equipment side of the valve.
3. Drain valves shall be provided on tanks, receivers, risers and where they may be required or
necessary, or directed for draining the lines and equipment. Drain valves or plug cocks shall be
provided at the low points for proper drainage and, where required or directed, cocks and valves shall
be provided with threaded ends for hose connections.
4. Check valves installed in the horizontal position shall be swing checks; valves installed in the vertical
position shall be silent checks, except that all check valves in pump discharges shall be silent checks.
5. Provide blow-off valves at all strainers.
K. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Ball Valves (4” and Smaller):

12-15-03
a. Apollo 70-10X Series (70-20X Series for solder)
b. Neles-Jamesbury 351 (341 solder)
c. Watts B-6000 Series (B-6000 Series for solder)
2. Drain Valve (Ball):
a. Apollo
3. Gate Valves:
a. 2” and Smaller
1) Milwaukee 1169
2) Stockham B-124
b. 2½” and Larger
1) Milwaukee F-2885
2) Stockham G-623
3) Crane 465-1/2
4. Globe Valves:
a. 2” and Smaller
1) Milwaukee 590T
2) Stockham B-22T
3) Crane 7TF
5. Butterfly Valves (High Performance):
a. Jamesbury HP 815W
b. Keystone K Lok
6. Plug Valves:
a. 2½” and 3”
1) Rockwell 143 wrench-operated
b. 4” and Larger
1) Rockwell 169 worm gear operated
7. Swing Check Valve:
a. 2” and Smaller
1) Milwaukee 07
2) Stockham B-309/319

12-15-03
3) Crane T/S-433
1) Milwaukee F-2974
2) Stockham F-931
3) Crane 373
8. Spring Check Valve:
a. 2” and Smaller
1) Mueller 105M-BP
1) Mueller 105M-AP
9. Flow Control Valves:
a. 2” and Smaller

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15121 HYDRONIC SPECIALTIES AND PIPING GUIDELINES
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying hydronic specialties and
piping guidelines. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to
restrict or replace professional judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. ASME B31.9 “Building Services Piping” for materials, products, and installation. Safety valves
and pressure vessels shall bear the appropriate ASME label.
2. Comply with the applicable requirements of ASME, ANSI, U.L., ASTM and National Electric
Code.
1. This section applies to piping systems for hot water heating, chilled water cooling, condenser
water, make-up water for these systems, condensate drain piping, or any other HVAC water
and/or glycol piping system.
2. The designer shall calculate the size of the expansion tank and schedule it on the drawings.
3. The design documents shall include a flow diagram of the hydronic system indicating all major
components of the system, isolation and control valves, unions/flanges, pipe sizes, pressure
and/or temperature relief devices, direction of flow, etc.
Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s latest published data indicating rating data, catalog cuts, model
numbers, dimensional information, and pressure drops.
E. HYDRONIC SPECIALTIES
1. Manual Air Vent
a. Manual air vents shall be bronze body and nonferrous internal parts; 150 psig working
pressure, 225°F. operating temperature; manually operated with screwdriver or
thumbscrew; and having 1/8” discharge connection and ½” inlet connection.
2. Automatic Air Vent
a. Automatic air vents shall be cast iron body with stainless steel, brass, EPDM, and
silicone rubber internal components, two-stage air relief, 150 psig maximum pressure,
and 250°F. maximum temperature.
3. Expansion Tank
15121-1 Hydronic Specialties and Piping Guidelines

12-15-03
a. Diaphragm-type expansion tanks shall be constructed of welded carbon steel. Separate
air charge from system water to maintain design expansion capacity, by means of a
flexible diaphragm securely sealed into tank. Provide taps for pressure gauge and air
charging fitting, and drain fitting. Support vertical tanks with steel legs or base; support
horizontal tanks with steel saddles. Tank, with taps and supports, shall be constructed,
tested, and labeled in accordance with ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,
Division 1.
4. Air Separator
a. Air separator shall be welded black steel; ASME constructed and labeled for minimum
125 psig water working pressure and 350°F. operating temperature; perforated stainless
steel air collector tube designed to direct released air into compression tank; tangential
inlet and outlet connections; threaded blowdown connection; sized as required for full
system flow capacity. Do not include strainers in air separators.
5. Relief Valves
a. Provide diaphragm operated safety relief valve, ASME labeled, for relieving pressure.
Refer to Drawings for pressure rating of valve and relief setting. Discharge water to be
through NPT connection.
b. Provide valve with a blowdown differential constructed of bronze or iron body. The
valve seat and all moving parts exposed to fluid will be of non-ferrous material.
6. Suction Diffuser
a. Provide suction diffusers to consist of angle type body with straightening vanes and
combination diffuser-strainer-orifice cylinder with 3/16” diameter openings. Provide a
permanent magnet located within the flow stream and removable for cleaning. Equip
the orifice cylinder with a start-up disposable fine mesh strainer. Design orifice cylinder
to withstand pressure differential equal to pump shut-off head and a free area equal to
five times cross section area of pump suction opening. Straightening vanes shall extend
the full length of the orifice cylinder and be replaceable. Provide unit with adjustable
support foot to carry weight of suction piping.
7. Backflow Preventer
a. When using a double check valve, the connection should be screwed or flanged,
depending on the application. The main valve body should be of either epoxy-coated cast
iron or bronze composition. The valve seat should be of either bronze or celcon. The test
cock should be bronze and the trim parts should be of stainless steel.
b. For the reduced pressure type, the connection can be a union, screwed or flanged. The
main valve body and relief valve housing should both be of either epoxy-coated cast iron
or bronze. The valve seats should be of either bronze or celcon. The test cock should be
bronze and the trim parts should be made of stainless steel and bronze.
8. Dielectric Fitting
a. Provide dielectric fittings to connect piping of dissimilar metal and/or connect piping to
equipment fabricated of different metal than piping. Piping should be isolated by means
of a dielectric material such as teflon, micarta or thermoplastic screwed insulating unions
or flange unions to provide cathodic protection currents and to stop galvanic corrosion.

12-15-03
b. For union type dielectric fittings 2” and under, the pipe connection should be screwed or
soldered and the fitting should be made of malleable iron or wrought iron. For union type
fittings 2½” and over, the pipe connection should be flanged and the fitting should be or
malleable iron or cast brass. For water, air, low-pressure return, natural gas, propane and
refrigerant, the dielectric material should be Epconite No. 1. The recommended
manufacturer is Epco Sales.
c. For nipple type dielectric fittings, the pipe connection should be screwed and the fitting
should be made of electro-zinc plated steel. Recommended manufacturers are EBCO.
d. Install dielectric waterway fittings to connect piping materials of dissimilar metals.
e. Bronze bodied valves and devices installed in steel piping systems do not require
dielectric fittings. Iron bodied valves and devices installed in copper systems require
dielectric fittings.
f. All dielectric devices will be affixed with a permanent tag indicating a dielectric device.
g. Dielectric devices must be tolerant of thermal shock, including 135° F. temperature swing
in two minutes.
9. Pipe Line Strainer
a. For “Y” type strainers, the body should be cast iron and the screen should be stainless
steel. For water, pipe sizes 2” and under, the body should be bronze. For pipe sizes 2”
and under, the connections should be screwed. For pipe sizes 2” and up, the connections
should be flanged. Other manufacturers that make acceptable “Y” type strainers are
Armstrong and Mueller.
b. Install strainers in the inlet connections to pumps, pressure reducing valves, automatic
control valves, and where indicated on the Drawings.
c. Equip strainers with ball valve type drain valves.
d. On low temperature systems, connect suitable length of piping to valve to prevent
spraying of adjacent piping or equipment during system drain-down. Provide at the end
of the piping a male hose connection for connecting a hose to run to a drain.
e. On high temperature systems extend piping from valve to a floor drain.
f. Prior to installation, disassemble strainer, coat with Never-Seez and reassemble.
F. HYDRONIC GUIDELINES
1. Connection to equipment should be made to permit ready disconnection of equipment with

minimum disturbance to adjoining pipe. Screwed or flanged unions should be used at all
equipment connections.
2. Flange joints should be faced true, packed and made up perfectly square and tight. Each flange
joint should be provided with best grade steel bolts and with hexagon nuts. Bolts and nuts should
be dipped in a mixture of graphite and oil or “Never Seize” just before installation.
3. Provide drain valves and ¾” hose connections with drip caps with retaining chain at low points of
each hydronic line to permit complete draining of entire system, including the system side of all
pump check valves. Drain lines should pitch not less than 1” in 40’ in the direction of flow.
4. Provide vent valves at high points of each hydronic piping system to permit complete purging of
air from the system. Automatic vents require isolation valves.
5. Miscellaneous drains and overflow from tanks, equipment, piping, water relief valves, pumps, etc.
should be run to the nearest indirect drain and terminated in an elbow above the drain.

12-15-03
6. Minimum hydronic pipe size should be ¾”.
7. Minimum hydronic pipe riser size should be 1”.
8. In all systems operating at temperatures above 100°F., all runouts to risers and equipment should
have 18” minimum spring piece offsets or 3 elbow swings to absorb expansion.
9. Unions should be provided at valves, strainers, apparatus, pumps, heat exchangers, tanks, machines
and equipment to permit easy dismantling of piping and apparatus. Each piping connection to each
piece of equipment should have a union or flanged connection.
10. All piping, after erection, should be thoroughly blown and washed out. During construction, all
lines should be properly capped or plugged to prevent the entrance of dirt, sand or foreign matter.
11. Provide a drain and drain-valve with hose connection and drip cap for all equipment containing
water. If this equipment is within a mechanical equipment room, provide a gate valve piped to a
floor drain.
12. Hydronic piping should be pitched upward in the direction of flow or the piping should be installed
with top of pipes at the same level, using eccentric reducers.
13. Pipe relief and safety valves to roof vent pipes, or other approved open locations, to dispose of
discharge without injury to equipment, personnel or premises.
14. Eccentric reducers should be used to prevent trapping of air in top of pipe. Bottom of reducer
should be flat.
15. All valves and piping specialties should be located to permit easy operation and access. All valves
should be packed at the completion of the work prior to final inspection.
16. All water coils should be vented at the top and drained at the bottom with drain valves with hose
connections and drip pans.
17. All piping connections to coils and equipment shall be made with offsets provided with screwed or
welded bolted flanges so arranged that the equipment can be serviced or removed without
dismantling the piping.
18. Piping carrying water should not be installed or designed for installation over electrical switchgear,
motor control centers, transformers, nor in elevator shafts and elevator equipment rooms.
G. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Manual Air Vents:
a. Bell and Gossett – No. 4V

b. Taco, Inc. – 417
c. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. - #72
2. Automatic Air Vents:
a. Bell and Gossett - #107 High Capacity Air Vent

b. Taco – Hy-Vent

12-15-03
c. Spirax/Sarco – 13WS
3. Diaphragm-type Expansion Tanks:
a. Bell and Gossett – Series D

b. Taco, Inc. – CA Series
c. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. – Series AX
4. Air Separator:
a. Bell and Gossett – Rolairtrol

b. Taco, Inc. – Air Separator
5. Relief Valve:
a. Bell and Gossett

b. Amtrol
c. Armstrong
d. McDonnell and Miller
6. Suction Diffuser:
a. Bell & Gossett

b. Armstrong
7. Backflow Preventer:
a. Double Check Type
1) Watts No. 709

2) Hersey
3) Lawler
b. Reduced Pressure Type:
1) Watts 909
2) Hersey
3) Lawler
8. Dielectric Fitting:
a. Union Type
1) EPCO with Epconite No. 1
b. Nipple Type:
1) Perfection Corp.
2) Clear Flow
3) EBCO

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9. “Y” Type Strainer:
a. Sarco Type IT (2” and under)

b. Sarco Type F-125 (above 2”)
c. Armstrong
d. Mueller

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15122 STEAM AND CONDENSATE SPECIALTIES AND PIPING GUIDELINES
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying steam and condensate specialties.
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
ASME B31.9 “Building Services Piping” for materials, products, and installation. Safety valves and
pressure vessels shall bear the appropriate ASME label.
1. The designer shall not rely on lift after the steam trap when a steam trap serves a device such as a
coil or heat exchanger controlled by a modulating valve. Lift may only be considered when the
trap will always have full line pressure.
2. Steam mains shall have isolation valves space no further than 200’ apart. Steam isolation valves
larger than 6” shall be equipped with 2” ball warm-up valves.
3. Select steam safety valves for full relief of capacity of equipment served, in accordance with
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
4. The design documents shall include a flow diagram of the hydronic system indicating all major
components of the system, isolation and control valves, unions/flanges, pipe sizes, pressure and/or
temperature relief devices, direction of flow, etc.
Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s latest published data indicating rating data, catalog cuts, model
numbers, dimensional information, and pressure drops.
E. STEAM SPECIALTIES
1. Steam Traps
a. Balanced Pressure Thermostatic Traps: Cast brass, angle pattern body, with integral
union tailpiece and screw-in cap; maximum operating pressure of 25 psig; balanced
pressure stainless steel or monel diaphragm or bellows element, with renewable hardened
stainless steel valve head and seat.
b. Float and Thermostatic Traps: ASTM A278, Class 30 cast iron body and bolted cap;
renewable, stainless steel float mechanism, with renewable, hardened stainless steel head
and seat; balanced pressure thermostatic air vent made of stainless steel or monel bellows
with stainless steel head and seat.
c. Inverted Bucket Traps: ASTM A278, Class 30 cast iron body and cap, pressure rated for
250 psi; stainless steel head and seat; stainless steel valve retainer, lever, guide pin
assembly, brass or stainless steel bucket.
15122-1 Steam and Condensate Specialties

& Piping Guidelines
12-15-03
d. Install isolation valve, strainer (leg vertical), and union upstream from the trap; install
union, test tee with test valve, check valve, and isolation valve downstream from trap.
2. Air Vents
a. Cast iron or brass body, with balanced pressure stainless steel or monel thermostatic
bellows, and stainless steel heads and seats.
3. Vacuum Breakers
a. Stainless steel or brass construction, factory set to open at 2” H2O of vacuum, and shall
be of a hardened ball check valve or spring restrained style. All spring style components
shall be encapsulated with a protective cover.
b. Install vacuum breakers on all closed vessels and steam heating coils as indicated on the
Drawings.
4. Pressure Regulating Valves
a. Pilot actuated, diaphragm type, Class 250, with adjustable pressure range and positive
shut-off; cast iron body with flanged or threaded end connections, hardened stainless
steel trim, and replaceable valve head and seat. Provide main head stem guide fitted with
flushing and pressure arresting device. Provide cover over pilot diaphragm for protection
against dirt accumulation.
b. Install pressure reducing valves as required to regulate system pressure in a location
readily accessible for maintenance and inspection. Install in strict accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommended piping practices for straight pipe upstream and downstream
of the valve. Provide a bypass around each reducing valve, with a globe valve equal in
size to the area of the reducing valve seat ring. Install isolation valves and unions around
each reducing valve to facilitate removal and repair of reducing valves. Unions may be
omitted for reducing valves with flanged connections. Install strainers upstream for each
reducing valve. Install safety valves downstream from each reducing valve set a 5 psig
higher than the reduced pressure.
c. Install pressure gauges on both sides of each reducing valve, on the system side of the
shut-off valves. On two stage reducing stations, install a drip trap and pressure gauge
upstream from the second stage reducing valve.
5. Safety Shutoff Valves
a. Provide non-vented type safety valves at each pressure reducing valve.
6. Safety Valves
a. Cast iron body and bronze seat, Class 250; forged copper alloy disc and nozzle; fully
enclosed stainless steel spring having an adjustable pressure range and positive shut-off;
threaded end connections for valves 2” and smaller, raised face flanged inlet and threaded
outlet connections for valves 2½” and larger. Factory set valves to relieve at 10 psi above
operating pressure.
b. Install relief valves in accordance with and where required by ASME B31.1 – “Power
Piping.” Pipe discharge to atmosphere outside the building, without valves, and
terminate vent pipe with screened air gap. Install a drip pan elbow fitting adjacent to the
safety valve pipe drain connection to the nearest floor drain without valves. Comply with
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for installation requirements.

& Piping Guidelines
12-15-03
7. Pipe Line Strainer
a. For “Y” type strainers, the body should be cast iron and the screen should be stainless
steel. For pipe sizes 2” and under, the connections should be screwed; above 2”, the
connections should be flanged.
F. STEAM AND CONDENSATE PIPING GUIDELINES
1. Connection to equipment should be made to permit ready disconnection of equipment with

minimum disturbance to adjoining pipe. Screwed or flanged unions should be used at all
equipment connections.
2. Under all conditions, and unless otherwise shown or directed, branches from any steam main shall
be taken from the top of the pipe, and all valve stems shall stand upright or at an angle above the
center line of the pipe and not handle down.
3. Flange joints should be faced true, packed and made up perfectly square and tight. Each flange
joint should be provided with best grade steel bolts and with hexagon nuts. Bolts and nuts should
be dipped in a mixture of graphite and oil or “Never Seize” just before installation.
4. Minimum steam pipe size should be 1”.
5. Minimum steam riser size should be 1¼”.
6. Minimum condensate return pipe size should be 1”.
7. Minimum condensate return riser size should be 1¼”.
8. All piping, including valves, traps, vents and accessories, should be installed so as to be easily
accessible for maintenance, removal, replacement and cleaning.
9. In all systems operating at temperatures above 100°F., all runouts to risers and equipment should
have 18” minimum spring piece offsets or 3 elbow swings to absorb expansion.
10. Unions should be provided at valves, traps, strainers, apparatus, pumps, heat exchangers, tanks,
machines and equipment to permit easy dismantling of piping and apparatus. Each piping
connection to each piece of equipment should have a union or flanged connection.
11. All piping, after erection, should be thoroughly blown and washed out. During construction, all
lines should be properly capped or plugged to prevent the entrance of dirt, sand or foreign matter.
12. Provide a drain and drain valve with hose connection and drip cap for all equipment containing
water. If this equipment is within a mechanical equipment room, provide a gate valve piped to a
floor drain.
13. Pitch steam piping downward in the direction of flow ¼ inch in 10 feet (1 inch in 40 feet)
minimum. Pitch all steam return lines downward in the direction of condensate flow ½ inch per
10 feet (1 inch in 20 feet) minimum. Where length of branch lines are less than 8 feet, pitch
branch lines toward mains ½ inch per foot minimum.
14. Provide 6 inch full-size dirt pockets and 12 inch vertical cooling legs in condensate connections to
equipment.

& Piping Guidelines
12-15-03
15. Provide an end of main drip at each rise in the steam main. Provide condensate drips at the
bottom of all steam risers, downfed runouts to equipment, radiators, etc. at end of mains and low
points, and ahead of all pressure regulators, control valves, isolation valves, and expansion joints.
16. Provide line size shut-off valves in steam supply piping ahead of control valves.
17. Pipe relief and safety valves to roof vent pipes, or other approved open locations, to dispose of
discharge without injury to equipment, personnel or premises.
18. Eccentric reducers should be used to prevent trapping of condensate water in bottom of line.
19. All high pressure steam blowoff discharge lines should have valves with lock shields and capped
nipples, except for boiler blowdown valves.
20. All valves and piping specialties should be located to permit easy operation and access. All valves
should be packed at the completion of the work prior to final inspection.
21. Condensate drip traps above 15 psig should not discharge directly into condensate return mains or
condensate pump receivers, but should be designed to discharge into a flash tank, and to drip
through a low pressure Float & Thermostatic (F&T) trap to a condensate return main or receiver.
22. Piping carrying steam or condensate should not be installed or designed for installation over
electrical switchgear, motor control centers, transformers, nor in elevator shafts and elevator
equipment rooms.
23. Make piping connections to coils and equipment with offsets provided with screwed or flanged
unions so arranged that the equipment can be serviced or removed without dismantling the piping.
Do not screw unions directly to coil header piping connections.
1. Steam Traps:
a. Thermostatic
1) Spirax/Sarco TA-125, TH-125
b. Float and Thermostatic
1) Spirax/Sarco FT-30
c. Inverted Bucket Trap
1) Spirax/Sarco B Series
2. Air Vents:
a. Spirax/Sarco VS206 (steam)

b. Spirax/Sarco 13WS (condensate)
3. Vacuum Breakers:
a. Spirax/Sarco VB14

& Piping Guidelines
12-15-03
4. Pressure Regulating Valves:
a. Spence Engineering Co. Type ED

b. Leslie
5. Safety Shutoff Valve
a. Spence
b. Leslie
6. Safety Valves:
a. O.C. Keckley Bronze 40 C.I. 300

b. Spence Engineering Bronze 40 C.I. 41
c. Spirax/Sarco Bronze 6010 C.I. SVI
7. “Y” Type Strainer:
a. Sarco Type IT (2” and under)

b. Sarco Type F-125 (above 2”)
c. Armstrong
d. Mueller

& Piping Guidelines
12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15123 REFRIGERATION SPECIALTIES AND PIPING GUIDELINES
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying refrigeration specialties. Unless
specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. Install refrigerant piping in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 15 – “The Safety Code for
Mechanical Refrigeration.”
2. Comply with applicable requirements of New York Building Code and New York City Fire Code.
3. Soldering and brazing procedures for refrigeration piping shall conform to ANSI B9.1 “Standard
Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.”
1. Submit manufacturer’s data for pipe and fittings for each piping system.
Manufacturer’s Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of piping systems products, of

types, materials, and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar service for not
less than 5 years.
F. REFERIGERATION SPECIALTIES
1. Moisture/liquid indicators shall be 500 psig maximum operation pressure, 200°F. maximum
operating temperature; forged brass body, with replaceable polished optical viewing window, and
solder end connections.
2. Filter-driers shall be 500 psig maximum operation pressure; steel shell, flange ring, and spring,
ductile iron cover plate with steel capscrews, and wrought copper fittings for solder end
connections. Furnish complete with replaceable filter-drier core kit, including gaskets, standard
capacity desiccant sieves to provide micronic filtration.
3. Flexible connectors shall be 500 psig maximum operating pressure; seamless tin bronze or
stainless steel core, high tensile bronze braid covering, solder connections, and synthetic covering;
dehydrated, pressure tested, minimum 7 inch in length.
4. All refrigerant pipe connections shall be brazed joints. Brazing shall be performed only when
there is an inert gas, such as nitrogen, being bled through the system to prevent the formation of
scale. The installer is to take the necessary precautions to insure there is adequate ventilation so as
to prohibit affixation.
15123-1 Refrigeration Specialties and Piping Guidelines

12-15-03
5. All systems shall utilize “triple evacuation” and have a deep vacuum drawn to 0.5 mm Hg (500
microns) before final charging.
6. Flexible connectors used on refrigerant lines should be constructed of phosphor bronze flexible
corrugated tube covered with bronze braid. Joints should be the Vibra-Sorbert Series as
manufactured by Flexonics. Alternate manufacturers are Keflex and Resistoflex.
G. REFRIGERANT PIPING GUIDELINES
1. Slope refrigerant piping one percent in the direction of oil return. Liquid lines may be installed
level.
2. Install horizontal refrigerant hot gas discharge piping with ½” per 10 feet downward slope away
from the compressor.
3. Install horizontal refrigerant suction lines with ½” per 10 feet downward slope to the compressor,
with no long traps or dead ends which may cause oil to separate from the suction gas and return to
the compressor in damaging slugs.
4. Provide line size liquid indicators in main liquid line leaving condenser or receiver. Install
moisture-liquid indicators in liquid lines between filter dryers and thermostatic expansion valves
and in liquid line to receiver.
5. Provide refrigerant charging valve connections in liquid line between receiver shutoff valve and
expansion valve.
15123-2 Refrigeration Specialties and Piping Guidelines

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15125 EXPANSION JOINTS AND LOOPS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying expansion joints and loops.
Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace
professional judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. All work should conform to Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers' Association.
1. The designer shall include expansion loops or incorporate expansion devices in all piping systems.
Expansion loops shall be dimensioned, length and width, as well as where in the length of pipe the
loop is to be located. Clearly indicate and dimension locations of guides and anchors. Fully detailed
anchors and guides are the designer’s responsibility and shall be clearly located on the drawings.
2. Provision for expansion shall be made in all piping by means of loops, bends, or offsets. Where pipe
lines join or where branches occur, provisions shall be made for the expansion of both lines.
3. Expansion joints can be provided where it is most practical to accommodate other means of expansion.
D. SUBMITTALS
1. Submit shop drawings indicating anchoring details, anchor points, guide details, etc.
2. Submit manufacturer’s data for all expansion devices.
3. All pipe lines containing expansion joints shall be guided in accordance with expansion joint
manufacturer’s instructions as substantiated by data in manufacturer’s catalog or separate date
furnished with submittal drawings.
4. Engineer shall submit pipe expansion and flexibility calculations.
1. During installation, provide inspection services by flexible pipe manufacturer’s representative to

certify installation of expansion joints is in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and that
connectors are performing satisfactorily, and warranty is in place.
2. Upon completion of installation, provide for a controlled inspection of the expansion joint installation,
by a professional engineer in accordance with the New York City Building Code (Title 1, Rule 20-02).
Any welding of high pressure steam piping needs to be x-ray inspected, also in accordance with the
New York City Building Code.
15125-1 Expansion Joints and Loops

12-15-03
F. EXPANSION JOINTS
1. Packless, Bellows-type Expansion Joints: For hot water, chilled water and steam mains, joints shall be
suitable for test pressure of 300 psi. Joints shall be #321 stainless steel bellows with carbon steel
external covers with flanged or welded ends. All joints shall have minimum indicated traverse as
guaranteed by the manufacturer for the total number of corrugations of the bellows element. Joints for
generator exhaust pipe shall be 300 psi design stainless steel and suitable for 1200°F. temperature and
4” compression when hot.
2. Slip-joint, Packed Type Expansion Joints: For steam piping, joints shall be type permitting the
addition of new packing while joint is in service under full line pressure. Sleeve to be of chromium-
plated, wrought steel construction, guided by internal and external guides which are integral with joint
gland and body. Sleeve ends to be fitted with forged steel pipe flanges or beveled for welding into
pipe line. Joints to be suitable for 125 psi, maximum working steam pressure 300 psi test pressure and
to be complete with packing when installed.
3. Flexible ball joints shall be the product of a company which can offer proof of five years’ successful
operation under similar temperatures and pressures in sizes as called for on Drawings.
4. Flexible ball joints shall be of cast steel or forged steel construction and they shall provide 360#
rotation plus a minimum of 40# (for sizes ¼ inch to 6 inches inclusive) or 15# (for sizes 2½ inches to
30 inches inclusive) angular flexing movement, to be furnished with two asbestos composition gaskets
pressure molded in steam-heated presses. Gaskets to be suitable for continuous operation
temperatures.
5. Expansion joints shall be designed to accommodate an amount of traverse greater than the combined
extension and compression that must be accommodated after the expansion joint is installed including
allowance for frame shortening in building with concrete columns. Submittal drawings are to indicate
amount of factory precompression as well as available movement in compression and extension from
installed position.
6. All expansion joints and expansion compensators shall have a metal nameplate permanently attached
bearing inscription of size, type, pressure rating, allowable movement, year of fabrication and
manufacturer’s identification number.
G. ANCHORS AND GUIDES
1. All anchors shall be separate and independent of all hangers and supports. Anchors shall be of heavy
blacksmith construction suitable in every way for the work of this contract. Anchors shall be welded
to the pipe and fastened to the structure with bolts.
2. Anchors shall be fabricated and assembled in such a form as to secure the piping in a fixed position.
They shall permit the line to take up its expansion and contraction freely in opposite directions away
from the anchored points, and shall be so arranged to be structurally suitable for particular location,
and line loading.
3. Anchor chair shall be fabricated of steel and welded to steel pipe for a minimum of 12” along top or
bottom steel pipe centerline. Non-ferrous pipe anchor chair shall be clamped to pipe at each end of
chair (chair to be minimum of 12” long). Anchor chair shall be welded or bolted to steel restraining
supports which are bolted to building structural steel.
4. Piping shall be anchored to control expansion and prevent undue strain on the fittings and apparatus.
Anchors shall be attached to pipe and fastened to structure. Provide steel for connection to structure.

12-15-03
5. Guides shall be located and constructed wherever required or shown on drawings, to permit free axial
movement only. A minimum of two (2) guides shall be installed on each end of joint plus at least one
(1) guide between two (2) joints.
6. Guides shall be fabricated of a split housing joined by a minimum of four bolts, and a split spider
assembly of four arms joined by four bolts. Housing shall be at least three times the anticipated pipe
movement. All guides for systems operating over 210°F. shall be a minimum of 12” long. Guide shall
be welded or bolted to steel restraining supports which are bolted to building structural steel.
7. Provide anchors and guides as indicated on plans or as required to properly restrain motion of piping
without inducing undue pipe stress.
H. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Expansion Joints
a. Bellow Type (Packless)
1) Badger Company Series 300

2) ADSCO Company
3) Zeller Company
b. Slip Joint (Packed) For Steam Piping
1) Yarway Company Gun Pakt

2) Advanced Thermal Systems
3) ADSCO Company
4) Victaulic
2. Anchor Chairs
a. Elcen Figure 278 (4” and smaller)

b. Elcen Figure 281 (larger than 4”)
3. Guides
a. Elcen Figure 411A, 411B, 412A, 412B

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15140 HVAC PUMPS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying HVAC pumps and
accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict
or replace professional judgment.
2. This Section includes the following categories of HVAC pumps:
a. In-line circulators.
b. Vertical in-line pumps.
c. End-suction pumps.
d. Double-suction pumps.
e. Automatic condensate pump units.
f. Steam and onsite pump units.
B. STANDARDS
1. Hydraulic Institute’s “Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary & Reciprocating Pumps” for pump
design, manufacture, testing, and installation.
2. UL 778 “Standard for Motor Operated Water Pumps”.
3. NEMA MG1 “Standard for Motors and Generators” for electric motors. Include NEMA listing
and labeling.
1. Submit friction head calculations and pump curves for all water systems.
2. In order to insure stable operation and prevent any possibility of hunting, the pump curve shall be
continuously rising from maximum capacity up to the shut-off head. Shut-off head minimum
should be 10 percent greater than the design head, except for double suction pumps to shut-off
head shall be 20 percent greater than design head.
3. All pump casings shall be hydrostatically tested at 1½ times design working pressure. The design
working pressure is sum of total dynamic head (TDH) plus total system static water head.
4. Pumps shall be selected to operate at or near their point of peak efficiency, thus allowing for
operation at capacities of approximately 25% beyond design capacity. In addition, the design
impeller diameter shall be selected so that the design capacity of each pump (GPM and TDH) shall
not exceed 90% of the capacity obtainable with maximum impeller diameter at the design speed
for that model.
5. Each pump shall be driven by a constant or variable speed motor. Maximum brake horsepower at
design speed shall, under no condition, exceed the nominal motor horsepower. Each pump motor
shall be factory mounted. Motors shall be high-efficiency type in accordance with Section 15980.
15140-1 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
6. The pump motor should be selected as non-overloading over the entire pump curve shown by the
manufacturer. Pump performance and motor characteristics shall be such that motor will not be
loaded beyond its service factor.
7. Design pumping systems so that the available positive head at the pump intake will be larger than
the required net positive suction head at the highest possible water temperature at the pump intake.
8. Mechanical seals shall be used on all pumps except fire pumps, where stuffing boxes shall be used
and open condenser water pumps that shall have packing seals.
9. The specifications should state that the pump manufacturer shall be responsible for determining
the composition of the water before and after treatment and to provide seals which should meet
these service conditions. Complete flushing arrangement shall be provided for mechanical seals
and packing.
10. The specifications should require that the final coupling alignment be documented and the results
furnished in writing to the University.
11. Pumps shall be selected for parallel operation where any system is shown or piped to operate with
two or more pumps. Each pump selected should provide equal flow characteristics.
12. Stand-by pumps should be provided on chilled water and hot water building distribution systems.
1. Submit shop drawings and product data, including certified pump curves with pump and system
operating point plotted. Include Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH), efficiency and horsepower
curves. In addition, include weights (shipping, installed, and operating), furnished specialties, and
accessories. Indicate pump’s operating point on curves.
2. Submit manufacturer’s installation instructions.
3. Submit manufacturer’s maintenance and repair data and parts list.
4. Submit wiring diagrams detailing wiring for power, signal, and control systems and differentiating
between manufacturer-installed wiring and field-installed wiring.
1. Provide manufacturer’s certification that materials meet or exceed the minimum requirements
specified herein.
2. Fabricate and label pumps to comply with UL 778 and include NEMA listing and labeling.
3. Single-Source Responsibility: Obtain each category of pumps from a single-source and by a

single manufacturer. Include responsibility and accountability to answer questions and resolve
problems regarding compatibility, installation, performance, and acceptance of pumps.
4. Install pumps and associated appurtenances in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s
requirements for maintaining satisfactory hydraulic performance.
5. It shall be the responsibility of the pump manufacturer to determine the composition of the water
before and after treatment and to provide seals which shall meet these service conditions. Seals
shall be guaranteed for two (2) years.
15140-2 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
6. The pump manufacturer shall be responsible for his service department aligning in the field prior
to start-up of all flexibly coupled units. Alignment shall be with dial indicator with accuracy of
plus or minus .002 inches.
F. GENERAL PUMP INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. All pumps should be installed with line size isolation valves on both sides.
2. The pump and motor should be installed on a common steel or cast iron base, isolated from the
building structure so that the unit will not transmit vibration to the building. The pump coupling
to the motor should be flexible and should be equipped with a guard.
3. Valved gauges should be provided at the pump suction and discharge.
4. Piping connections to pumps should not be supported by the pump, but should be provided with
floor flanged base elbows which shall rest on the concrete pump foundation.
5. Suction inlet pipe for all pumps should be a straight section of pipe of not less than 10 pipe
diameters in direction of flow. Where space conditions will not permit suction inlet pipe of
required length, provide a suction diffuser.
6. Support pumps and piping separately so that piping is not supported by pumps.
7. Suspend in-line pumps using continuous-thread hanger rod and vibration-isolation hangers of
sufficient size to support weight of pump independent of piping system.
8. Set base-mounted pumps on concrete foundation. Disconnect coupling halves before setting. Do
not reconnect couplings until alignment operations have been completed.
9. Provide vibration isolation as necessary to prevent excessive noise and vibration. In general,
install large pumps located above grade on concrete inertia base with spring vibration isolators.
Where an inertia base is used, support piping near pumps with spring hangers.
10. Install suction diffusers on pump inlets with ample space for basket removal. Where pumps are
mounted on inertia pads, suction diffuser will be supported with steel pipe section on inertia pad.
All other installations, the suction diffuser will be supported by steel pipe section and a neoprene
pad 1” thick. Remove start-up strainer after start-up and pipe cleaning.
11. Pump flanges shall be of the same weight as the connecting flanges on piping systems.
G. ALIGNMENT
1. Align pump and motor shafts and piping connections after setting them on foundations, after grout
has been set and foundation bolts have been tightened, and after piping connections have been
made. Alignment shall be made with dial indicator to a tolerance of ±.002”.
2. Comply with pump and coupling manufacturers’ written instructions.
3. Adjust alignment of pump and motor shafts for angular and parallel alignment by one of two
methods specified in the Hydraulic Institute’s Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary & Reciprocating
Pumps, “Instructions for Installation, Operation and Maintenance.”
15140-3 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
4. After alignment is correct, tighten foundation bolts evenly but not too firmly. Fill base plate
completely with nonshrink, nonmetallic grout, with metal blocks and shims or wedges in place.
After grout has cured, fully tighten foundation bolts.
H. INLINE CIRCULATORS
1. Circulators shall be horizontal inline, centrifugal, separately-coupled, single-stage, bronze-fitted,

radially split case design, with mechanical seals, and rated for 125 psig working pressure and
225°F. continuous water temperature.
2. Cast iron casings, with threaded companion flanges for piping connections smaller than 2½”, and
threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet connections.
3. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung single-suction, fabricated from
cast bronze or bronze conforming to ASTM B584, and keyed to steel shaft. Provide slinger on
motor shaft between motor and seals to prevent liquid that leaks past pump seals from entering the
motor bearings.
4. Mechanical seals shall be carbon steel rotating ring, stainless steel spring, ceramic seat, and
flexible bellows and gasket. Pump shaft bearings shall be oil-lubricated, bronze journal, and thrust
bearings with 50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed. Flexible pump couplings, capable of
absorbing torsional vibration and shaft misalignment. Motors shall be resiliently mounted to the
pump casing.
I. VERTICAL INLINE PUMPS
1. Pumps shall be centrifugal, close-coupled, single-stage, bronze-fitted, radially split case design,
with mechanical seals, and rated for 175 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous water
temperature.
2. Cast iron casings, with threaded companion flanges for piping connections smaller than 2½”, and
threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet connections.
3. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung, single-suction, cast bronze,
conforming to ASTM B584, and keyed to shaft. Ground and polished steel shaft, with bronze
sleeve and integral thrust bearings with 50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed. Provide
slinger on motor shaft between motor and seals to prevent liquid that leaks past pump seals from
entering the motor bearings. Mechanical seals consisting of carbon steel rotating ring, stainless
steel spring, ceramic seat, and Buna-N bellows and gasket.
J. BASE-MOUNTED, SEPARATELY-COUPLED, END-SUCTION PUMPS
1. Pumps shall be base-mounted, centrifugal, separately-coupled, end-suction, single-stage, bronze-

fitted, radially split case design, and rated for 175 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous
water temperature. Pumps fabrication shall conform with the Hydraulics Institute (HI) Standards.
2. Cast iron casings, with flanged piping connections, and threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet
flange connections. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung, single-
suction, fabricated from cast bronze conforming to ASTM B584, keyed (steel) to shaft and secured
by a stainless steel locking cap screw. Provide replaceable bronze wear rings, steel pump shaft,
with bronze sleeve.
15140-4 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
3. Mechanical seals consisting of stainless steel metal parts, Ni-resist seat, and flexible Buna-N
bellows and gasket. Pump bearing housing assembly shall have oil lubricated bearings with
50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed, replaceable without disturbing piping connections.
4. Provide flexible pump couplings, capable of absorbing torsional vibration and shaft misalignment;
complete with metal coupling guard. Coupling shall be spacer type that allows the coupling to be
removed without disturbing the piping or the motor. Spacers shall be Lovejoy flex shaft type
couplings with EPDM rubber inserts or Woods equivalent.
K. BASE-MOUNTED, HORIZONTAL SPLIT CASE PUMPS
1. Pumps shall be base-mounted, centrifugal, separately-coupled, side-suction and discharge, single-

stage, bronze-fitted, and rated for 175 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous water
temperature. Pumps fabrication shall conform with the Hydraulics Institute (HI) Standards.
2. Cast iron casings, with flanged piping connections, and threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet
flange connections. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung, single-
suction, fabricated from cast bronze conforming to ASTM B584, keyed (steel) to shaft and secured
by a stainless steel locking cap screw. Provide replaceable bronze wear rings, steel pump shaft,
with bronze sleeve.
3. Mechanical seals consisting of stainless steel metal parts, Ni-resist seat, and flexible Buna-N
bellows and gasket. Pump bearing housing assembly shall have oil lubricated bearings with
50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed, replaceable without disturbing piping connections.
4. Provide flexible pump couplings, capable of absorbing torsional vibration and shaft misalignment;
complete with metal coupling guard. Coupling shall be spacer type that allows the coupling to be
removed without disturbing the piping or the motor. Spacers shall be Lovejoy flex shaft type
couplings with EPDM rubber inserts or Woods equivalent.
L. CONDENSATE COLLECTING AND PUMPING
1. Condensate pumping units should consist of two pumps, each direct connected to an electric
motor, and one receiver made of heavy galvanized steel and two float switches.
2. The receiver should be mounted above the pump on a structural steel support, so that return flows
by gravity to pump suction. Receiver should be provided with an air vent relief line up to the
ceiling, through a return bend fitting, and piped down to within 6” of floor.
3. Motors should be designed to operate at maximum speed of 3,600 rpm, capable of operating
continuously without undue heating, or sign of overload.
4. The unit should have two (2) float switches. Each float switch should start its respective pump at
a predetermined high water level, stopping it when the water has been discharged. The float
switches should be wired so that the second pump starts in the event that the first pump fails to
operate. Under a peak load condition, such as warm-up, both units should be capable of operating
simultaneously.
5. The discharge connection of each pump should have a check valve and gate valve.
M. CONDENSATE PUMP SET
1. Condensate pump sets should be factory-fabricated, packaged electric-drive pump units complete
with receiver, pumps, and controls.
15140-5 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
2. Pumps should be mounted on the receiver and be electric, centrifugal, close-coupled, vertical
design, permanently aligned, bronze-fitted, with enclosed bronze case ring and mechanical seal.
3. Factory wiring should be provided between pump and float switch for single external electrical
connection.
N. CONDENSATE DRAINAGE PUMP UNITS
1. Condensate drainage pump units should be designed to transfer condensate from air handling unit
coil pans to drain. Units should be designed for in-pan mounting, and consist of tank, pump and
controls.
2. Tank shall be constructed of polystyrene or other corrosion resistant plastic.
3. Pump should be centrifugal, corrosion-resistant, and have over-load thermal protection.
O. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
Acceptable manufacturers are subject to compliance with requirements set forth in Facilities Standards.
1. In-Line Circulators:
a. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. (1000 Series)

b. Bell & Gossett ITT (Series 60 and 80)
c. Grundfos Pumps Corp.
d. Taco; Fabricated Products Div. (1600 Series)
2. Compact In-Line Circulators:
a. Armstrong Pumps, Inc.

b. Bell & Gossett ITT; Div. of ITT Fluid Technology Corp.
c. Grundfos Pumps Corp.
d. PACO Pumps
e. Taco: Fabricated Products Div.
3. Vertical In-Line Pumps:
a. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. (4360 Series)

b. Bell & Gossett ITT
c. Goulds Pumps, Inc.
d. Grundfos Pumps Corp.
e. PACO Pumps
f. Peerless Pump Co.
g. Taco; Fabricated Products Div. (VC Series)
4. Flexible-Coupled, End-Suction Pumps:
a. Goulds Pumps, Inc.

b. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. (D-800 Series)
c. PACO Pumps.
d. Taco; Fabricated Products Div.
e. Weil Pump Company, Inc.
15140-6 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
5. Flexible-Coupled, Double Suction Pumps:
a. Bell & Gossett ITT; Div. of ITT Fluid Technology Corp.

b. Goulds Pumps, Inc.
c. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co.
d. PACO Pumps.
e. Peerless Pump Co.
f. Taco; Fabricated Products Div.
g. Fairbanks Morse Pump Corp. (2800 Series)
6. Steam Condensate Pump Units:
a. Federal Pump
b. Bell & Gossett ITT; Div. of ITT Fluid Technology Corp.
c. Roth Pump Company
d. Sarco Pumps
7. Condensate Drainage Pump Units:
a. Beckett Corp.
b. Hartell Div.; Milton Roy Co.
c. Little Giant Pump Co.
d. Marsh Manufacturing, Inc.
15140-7 HVAC Pumps

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15170 METERS AND GAUGES
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying thermometers, pressure gauges
and flow meters. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict
B. STANDARDS
Comply with applicable UL standards pertaining to meters and gauges and with applicable portions of ASME
and Instrument Society of American (ISA) standards pertaining to construction and installation of meters and
gauges.
1. Engineer shall indicate locations of all meters and gauges on drawings or details.
2. All buildings connected to the Central Heating Plant shall have condensate meters. All buildings
connected to a chilled water plant serving multiple buildings shall be metered.
Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s latest published data for instrument types, materials, accessories and
installation.
1. Instruments are to be factory calibrated for the temperature and pressure of the systems in which they
are installed.
2. Instruments to be industrial quality.
F. THERMOMETERS AND TEMPERATURE WELLS
1. Provide duct thermometers of the dial face type, 3½” diameter, liquid-filled with averaging bulb.
Thermometers in ductwork shall be provided with suitable flanges for duct mounting, with not less
than 12” stem.
2. Thermometers should be mercury, adjustable to every angle, of industrial grade, complete with
double thick glass front and separable socket. Scales shall be a minimum of 9 inches long. Where the
scale is 10 feet or more above the finished floor, use a 12 inches minimum scale length.
3. Each thermometer to be installed in an extension neck brass separable socket. Extension neck length
to be coordinated with insulation thickness. Socket and thermometer insertion length to be minimum
of 75% pipe diameter.
4. Accuracy is to be factory calibrated to ±1°F., for the average temperature of the system in which it is
installed.
15170-1 Meters and Gauges

12-15-03
5. Scale ranges should be as follows:-
a. Hot water, steam, - 30°F to 300°F, with 2-degree scale divisions

condensate
b. Chilled water - 20°F to 120°F, with 2-degree scale divisions.
c. Condenser Water - 20°F to 150°F, with 2-degree scale divisions.
d. Scale ranges not indicated to be selected so that normal operating point is between 35%
and 65% of full scale.
G. THERMOMETER LOCATION AND PLACEMENT GUIDELINES
1. Thermometers should be installed at the following locations:
a. In inlet and outlet water connections at chilled water coil bank and hot water coils bank in
each air handling unit.
b. In inlet and outlet of hot water side of heat exchangers.
c. In inlet and outlet of chilled water, hot water and condenser water pumps. In return air
duct and mixed air duct to each air handling unit.
d. In and out of each cooling tower.
e. In and out of each chiller or boiler.
f. In return secondary water and in mixed water line after bleed valves on all bleed systems.
g. In inlet and outlet of each reheat coil.
h. In inlet and outlet water connections at each domestic hot water heater and where
indicated on the drawings.
i. Other locations deemed necessary by the design consultant.
2. Thermometers in ductwork should be installed at the following locations:
a. On air handling units upstream of preheat coil bank.

b. On supply air discharge ductwork of air handling units.
c. In return air duct and mixed air duct to each air handling unit.
3. Thermometers should be installed and adjustable so that the scale is easily readable from floor
level.
4. Thermometers in ductwork should be provided with suitable flanges for duct mounting, with not
less than a 12" stem.
H. PRESSURE GAUGES
1. 4½" diameter pressure and/or compound gauges with a cast aluminum case, with rim and glass
over the face.
2. Gauge pipe and fittings should be brass. Piping should be 1/4" diameter. All gauges should be
provided with shutoff cocks. Pressure gauges should have a range of at least twice the working
pressure, but in no case less than 0 to 30 pounds.
3. Gauges on pumps should be located directly at suction and discharge nozzle without any
intervening valves, strainers or other specialties except for nipple and gauge petcock.
4. Scale ranges should be as follows:

12-15-03
a. Low Pressure Steam - 0 PSI to 50 PSI
b. High Pressure Steam - 0 PSI to 125 PSI
c. Other Systems - 0 PSI to (2 x Operating Pressure) PSI (Minimum 0
PSI to 30 PSI)
d. Compound - 30 inches Hg of vacuum to 15 PSIG of pressure
5. Provide a siphon and lever handle cock for each pressure gauge installed in the steam system.
6. Gauges in pumped systems shall have micropose pulsation dampeners (commonly called
snubbers).
I. PRESSURE GAUGE LOCATION AND PLACEMENT GUIDELINES
1. Pressure gauges should be installed in the following locations:
a. Upstream and downstream of pressure reducing stations.

b. In inlet and outlet of each hot water reheat coil.
c. In inlet and outlet of each chilled water coil bank and hot water coils.
d. In inlet and outlet of each chiller, boiler, heat exchanger and condenser.
e. In inlet and discharge side of each pump.
f. At each expansion tank.
g. At each cold water makeup to system.
2. Pressure gauges should be installed so that the scale is easily readable from floor level. Provide
extension tubing as required.
J. AIR FLOW GAUGES
1. Magnehelic Gauge: 4” dial with frictionless magnetic movements. Gauge to operate without use
of fluid. Range to be compatible with service. Accuracy ±2% of scale. Die cast aluminum case
with clear plastic face and “O” ring seal. Diaphragm to be silicone rubber with cobalt magnet and
sapphire bearings.
2. Install across each air handling unit’s filter bank. Sensing ports shall be located on either side of
the filter to provide an accurate average static pressure drop across the entire filter bank.
K. TEST PLUGS (REQUIRED UNIVERSITY APPROVAL)
1. Provide test plugs ½” NPT made of brass with Nordel core. In addition, supply six (6) kits
consisting of ¼” NPT pressure gauge, gauge adapter with 1/8” probe and protecting shield, bi-
metal thermometer range 25°F. to 125°F. with 5” stem and 1¾” diameter dial, bi-metal
thermometer range 20° to 240°F. with 5” stem and 1¾” diameter dial. Each kit to be provided in
an impact-resistant carrying case.
2. Test plugs to be provided at inlet and outlet of each water coil (including unit heaters, cabinet
heaters, fan coil units, etc.) that are not provided with thermometers and pressure gauges.
L. STEAM METER
1. A steam meter for recording entire building steam consumption should be installed at the point of
connection of the campus steam main to the building’s PRV station. This meter should be either a
steam vortex type or insertion style Turbine Flowmeter, as manufactured by Emco dependent on the

12-15-03
expected flow levels. Continuous high stream flow distribution systems should use an inline, vortex
style flowmeter. Varied flow of low to high flow levels should be of the turbine type. These meters
shall be manufactured under a ISO-9001 certified quality system. Additionally, any space to be
utilized by users other than Columbia University or space determined to have changeable steam use
should be sub-metered, in order to provide accurate information for billing purposes.
2. Inline Vortex Flowmeter
a. General
1) The flowmeter shall be an inline style vortex flowmeter.

2) The flowmeter shall be suitable for use in steam, gas or liquid applications with
line sizes ranging from 1” to 12”.
b. Sensor
1) Sensor shall have no moving parts.

2) The sensor shall utilize a separated vortex bluff body and a sensor wing with a
dual piezoelectric sensing technology to ensure maximum signal to noise
rejection.
3) The flowmeter body, bluff body and the sensor wing shall be of a fully welded
design with no gaskets or leak paths.
4) The piezoelectric sensor shall be removable under process pressure of up to 750
psig without process shutdown.
5) Installation of bypass piping shall not be necessary to access the piezoelectric
sensor.
6) The wetted parts shall be constructed of 316L stainless steel, Carbon Steel or
Hastelloy C in accordance with application suitability.
7) The flowmeter shall be available in wafer style for sizes 1” to 4”, or ANSI
flanged 150#, 300# or 600# in sizes 1” to 12”
c. Electronics
1) The flowmeter meter electronics shall be microprocessor based with full

programming capability via the key pad interface and local display.
2) The local display shall provide display of rate and total with full diagnostic
capability and provide digital filtering of mechanical and electrical noise.
3) The flowmeter shall be capable of providing a field selectable loop powered 4-
20 ma or a 3 wire frequency/pulse output option.
d. Performance
1) The accuracy of the flowmeter shall be +/- 0.7% of rate for liquids, +/- 1.0% of
rate for gas and steam with a minimum turndown of 10:1 and repeatable to
0.15% of rate.
2) The flowmeter shall have a temperature rating of –40 to 750 Degrees F.
3) The flowmeter shall have a pressure rating dependent on the flange rating being
used.
4) The flowmeter shall be manufactured under an ISO-9001 certified quality
system.
5) The flowmeter shall be EMCO model PhD Vortex Flowmeter.

12-15-03
3. Insertion Turbine Flowmeter
a. General
1) The flowmeter shall be an insertion style Turbine Flowmeter.

2) The flowmeter shall be capable of being hot-tapped into a “live” flow line while
operating under process pressures and temperatures.
3) The flowmeter shall be suitable for use in steam, gas or liquid applications with
line sizes ranging from 3” to 20”.
b. Sensor
1) Sensor shall be a turbine type with a low drag magnetic pick-up housed in a 316
stainless
2) The rotor shall be fabricated from one solid block of Stainless Steel material with
no welding process involved.
3) Sensor shall be insertable and retractable through a 2” full port isolation valve
without process shut down. The isolation valve shall be included with the
flowmeter.
4) The retractor shall be an integral and permanent part of the flowmeter assembly
to ensure maximum safety to personnel operating the flowmeter.
5) The flowmeter shall be designed such that a pressure and/or temperature
transducer maybe added integral to the flowmeter probe without having to re-tap
the process line.
c. Electronics
1) The flowmeter electronics shall use automatic profile factor compensation to

relate the point velocity to average flowrate and to maintain overall accuracy.
2) The flowmeter electronics shall be microprocessor based with full programming
capability via the key pad interface and local display.
3) The local display shall provide display of rate and total with full diagnostic
capability.
4) The flowmeter shall be capable of providing a field selectable loop powered 4-
20 ma or a 3 wire frequency/pulse output option.
5) Meter shall be able to operate from a power source of 15-40 VDC.
d. Performance
1) The accuracy of the flowmeter shall be +/-1.5% of rate with a minimum

turndown ration of 10:1, and a repeatability of 0.25% of rate.
2) The flowmeter shall have a temperature rating of –40 to 400 Degrees F.
3) The flowmeter shall have a pressure rating of 125 psig for steam or 200 psig for
liquid and gas.
system.
5) The flowmeter shall be the EMCO model TMP-600/60S.
4. The meter should be sized for the maximum anticipated steam load. The meter requires twenty-
five pipe diameters of straight pipe run upstream of the meter and five pipe diameters of straight
pipe run downstream of the meter.

12-15-03
5. The meter should be tied into the University's data acquisition system for remote recording of
steam consumption.
6. A flow processor capable of providing digital display of steam use should be installed.
a. Flow Processor
1) The Flow Processor shall be microprocessor based containing software for

volumetric flow, mass flow and BTU usage steam.
2) The Flow Processor shall contain software to perform flow calculations for
different types of flowmeters including Turbine, Vortex, DP transmitters, PD and
other types of flowmeters with 4-20 ma or scaled frequency outputs.
3) The Flow Processor shall perform mass and energy computations using pressure
and temperature compensation techniques for steam.
4) The Flow Processor shall be capable of accepting up to 8 frequency v.s velocity
calibration points for linearization and enhancement of the flowmeter accuracy.
5) The Flow Processor shall contain 2 resettable and 2 non-resettable totalizers for
user selected values.
6) The Flow Processor shall be capable of displaying statistical values (ave, min,
max) for all flow variables, pressures and temperatures.
7) The Flow Processor shall have 16-key membrane keypad with tactile feedback.
8) Display shall have a 2-line x 16 character, alpha numeric, LCD or backlit
display.
9) Display shall illustrate flow values and engineering units on the same screen.
10) The Flow Processor shall use quartz crystal time base allowing frequency
measurement of better than 0.01%.
11) The Flow Processor shall have the capability of communication via RS-232C
compatible interface with ASCII protocol.
b. Electrical Specifications
1) The Flow Processor shall be provided with a factory supplied power supply of
115 Vac, or 230 Vac +/-15%, or 10.5-36 Vdc power input.
2) The Flow Processor shall be capable of receiving the following outputs: (1) 4-20
ma flow input or (1) frequency flow input in the range of 0-10 Khz, +3 to 36
Volts amplitude.
(2) 4-20 ma inputs for pressure and temperature.

(2) RTD inputs, for 2, 3 or 4 wire platinum RTD with a range of 100 – 4000
ohms.
(1) Direction input, +3V nominal transition level, 36 V max amplitude.
3) The Flow Processor shall be capable of providing the following outputs:
Power: To power the flowmeter transmitters: 24 Vdc +/-5% at 150 ma.

Analog: Isolated 4-20 ma dc.
Realy: Isolated solid state DC, 1 amp max up to 60 Vdc.
4) The Flow Processor shall be available in NEMA 4 rated wall mount enclosure or
panel mount version.
system.

12-15-03
6) The Flow Processor shall be the Engineering Measurements Co. (EMCO) model
FP-93 Flow processor.
M. CHILLED WATER METER
1. At the connection point of the campus chilled water main, downstream of the isolation valve, an
ultrasonic type meter as manufactured by Controltron should be installed, for recording chilled
water usage. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for installation with respect to pipe size,
straight run of piping, location, etc.
2. The meter should be tied into the University's data acquisition system for remote recording of
chilled water consumption.
3. The meter should be of the BTU measuring type with resistance temperature devices measuring
supply and return temperature, with a flow meter and math processor to calculate energy consumption
(BTU’s) based on temperature difference and flow.
N. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Thermometers
a. Marsh
b. Marshalltown
c. Trerice – By Series
d. Weiss
e. Weksler – AA5 Series
f. Taylor – E Series
2. Pressure Gauges
a. Ashcroft – Duraguage Series

b. Marsh
c. Marshalltown
d. Weiss – PG Series
e. Weksler – AA1 Series
f. WIKA
g. U.S. Gauge
h. Trerice – 500X Series
3. Air Flow Gauges (Magnehelic)
a. Dwyer
4. Test Plugs (Requires University Approval)
a. Peterson – Petes Plug

b. Ernst
c. Weksler
d. Trerice

12-15-03
5. Steam Meter
a. Emco
6. Chilled Water Meter
a. Controlotron

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15190 MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION AND PAINTING
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying mechanical identification and
painting. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or
replace professional judgment.
B. STANDARDS
Comply with ANSI A13.1 for lettering size, length of color field, colors, and viewing angles of identification
devices.
Follow established industry practice and engineering guidelines.
1. Shop Drawings: Submit valve tag chart; pipe, duct and equipment labels, paint and color chart.
2. Product Data: Manufacturer’s latest published data for materials, equipment and installation,
including samples of valve tags, equipment identification and piping identification, showing size of
lettering.
3. Maintenance Manuals: Provide valve tag charts for inclusion in maintenance manuals.
E. PIPING SYSTEMS
1. Pipe Labels
a. Identify all piping systems with color coded bands per ANSI A13.1-1981, sharply
contrasting with background. Locate bands near strategic points, such as valves, items of
equipment, changes in directions, wall penetrations, capped stub out for future connection
and every 40 feet of straight runs. If necessary, paint a strip background of black or white to
obtain contrast.
b. Each set of bands to consist of one (1) band on which the name of the service is printed in
black letters not less than 1½” high, and two (2) bands on which is printed a black
directional arrow located on each side of legend. Apply bands where they can be easily read
and with their long dimension parallel to the axis of the pipe. Provide bands with
backgrounds of different colors from the various service groups.
c. Drain piping serving mechanical equipment items for which the drain discharge is not visible
from the equipment shall be marked in accordance with ANSI 13.1-1981 near the point of
discharge indicating the item of equipment served.
d. Use labeling coloring as set forth in 4. “Piping System Abbreviations and Letter and Label
Color”, contained herein.
2. Valve Tags
15190-1 Mechanical Identification and Painting

12-15-03
a. Provide a valve tag on every isolation valve including and control valve in each piping
system. Exclude check valves, valves within factory fabricated equipment units, plumbing
fixture faucets, interior and exterior hose bibs, shut off valves at plumbing fixtures, HVAC
terminal devices, and similar rough-in connections of end use fixtures and units. List each
tagged valve in the valve schedules for each piping system.
b. Provide 1 ½” – 2” diameter, 19 gauge, polished brass valve tags with black paint filled
stamp engraved piping system abbreviation in ¼” high letters and sequenced valve numbers
½” high, and with 5/32” hole for fastener. Attach tags with chain, S-hook or split ring as
appropriate. Tags shall indicate the system in which installed (using abbreviations listed in
4. “Piping System Abbreviations and Letter and Label Color”, contained herein), and valve
number for systems having more than one valve.
3. Valve Charts
a. Contractor shall provide valve charts that include a separate directory and drawing for each
mechanical piping system. Drawing shall be scaled as required to indicate the location of
each valve.
b. Provide frames of finished hardwood or extruded aluminum plastic (Lexan) panes for each
valve chart. Secure with screws for secure, removable mounting on walls of each
Mechanical Equipment Room. A copy of each chart shall be included in each copy of the
Operation and Maintenance Manuals.
4. Piping System Abbreviations and Letter and Label Coloring
Heating and Cooling Pipe System Labels Drawing I.D. Letter and Label Color
Chilled Water Return CHWR White on Green
Chilled Water Supply CHWS White on Green
Condenser Water Return CWR White on Green
Condenser Water Supply CWS White on Green
Fuel Oil Return FOR Black on Yellow
Fuel Oil Supply FOS Black on Yellow
High Pressure Condensate HPC Black on Yellow
High Pressure Steam HPS Black on Yellow
Hot Water Heating Return HWR Black on Yellow
Hot Water Heating Supply HWS Black on Yellow
Low Pressure Condensate LPC Black on Yellow
Low Pressure Steam (15#) LPS Black on Yellow
Medium Pressure Condensate MPC Black on Yellow
Medium Pressure Steam (60#) MPS Black on Yellow
Pumped Condensate Return PCR Black on Yellow
Compressed Air (Controls) CCA White on Green
Plumbing and Waste Pipe Systems Labels Drawing I.D. Letter and Label Color
Acid Waste ACID Black on Yellow
Brine BR White on Green
Compressed Air A White on Blue
Fire Protection FP White on Red
Hazardous Waste HAZ Black on Yellow
High Purity Water DI White on Green
Potable Cold Water DCW White on Green
Hot Water Supply, Potable DHW Black on Yellow
Hot Water Return, Potable DHWR Black on Yellow

12-15-03
Laboratory Hot Water Supply (Non-Potable) LHWS Black on Yellow
Laboratory Hot Water Return (Non-Potable) LHWS Black on Yellow
Laboratory Cold Water (Non-Potable) LCWS White on Green
Natural Gas G Black on Yellow
Compressed Air CA Black on Yellow
Laboratory Vacuum VAC White on Blue
Oxygen O2 White on Green
Carbon Dioxide CO2 White or Black on Gray
Helium HE White on Brown
Nitrogen N2 White on Black
F. EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION
1. Numbers for major mechanical equipment such as air handlers, chillers and pumps should be unique
within a building and continue the sequence established by existing equipment. As an example, if air
handlers AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3 already exist, then a new air handler should be named AC-4 (not AC-
1 or AHU-4 or ACU-4). Although many equipment designators are presently used through the
University, the A/E is encouraged to use the designators listed below, where possible. All major
equipment shall be labeled using this designator, engraved on a plastic label and permanently affixed
to the unit. Where the first equipment item on a project is not named “..-1”, the equipment schedule
should note that all equipment with names preceding it are existing.
2. All small equipment intended to appear on test and balance reports, including VAV boxes, should be
identified on design drawings with a unique number consistent with that labeled in field.
Drawing I.D. & Drawing I.D. &

Equip. Label Equipment Equip. Label Equipment
ACC air cooled condenser TE toilet exhaust

AHU air handling unit GE general exhaust fan
CH chiller GWH gas-fired water heater
CHWP chilled water pump HTX heat exchanger
CP condensate pump HWB hot water boiler
CT cooling tower HWHP hot water heating pump
CUH cabinet unit heater P pump (other than those
listed)
CWP condenser water pump RF return fan
EWH electric water heater SB steam boiler
FHEX fume hood exhaust fan SF supply fan
FP fire pump UH unit heater
RHC reheat coil VP vacuum pump
VAV variable air volume box
CV constant air volume box
VAVRH variable air volume box with reheat
RV constant air volume box with reheat
3. Identify mechanical equipment by means of nameplates permanently attached to the equipment.

Provide black surface, white core laminated bakelite with engraved letters. Minimum size plates 3”
long by 1” wide with white letters 3/8” high for smaller equipment.
4. Larger equipment such as air handling units, chillers and cooling tower, the lettering shall be a
minimum of ¼” wide by 6” high. Attach nameplates in a permanent manner in a location that will be

12-15-03
clearly visible after installation is complete.
5. Mask all labels prior to field painting of equipment. Labels that are painted over will be replaced by
Contractor at no cost to the Owner.
G. DUCTWORK LABELING
1. Ductwork mains and all fume hood exhaust ductwork require labeling or stenciling.
2. Ductwork identification should be installed at all access panels or doors, both sides of floors,
ceilings and walls, all major changes in direction, and on straight lengths of duct every 40 feet.
3. Duct identification shall include associated equipment and service (supply, return, return/exhaust,
exhaust outside air) onto ducts at strategic locations. Provide arrows to show direction of flow,
e.g., “Supply (AHU-1) or “return/exhaust” (RF-4).
4. Stenciling to be done after insulation and other duct coverings are completed.
5. Systems on which duct identification has been covered or is otherwise not visible will not be
accepted.
H. PAINTING
1. In general, painting of mechanical components is to be done where needed for component

protection, housekeeping or aesthetics, not for identification of mechanical systems with the
exception that all fire protection piping shall be painted red.
2. In concealed areas, including shafts and above acoustic ceilings, paint is not required for most
piping and ductwork. In exposed areas, including mechanical equipment rooms and labs with no
ceilings, paint uninsulated pipe and ductwork the same color as the background ceiling. Insulated
pipe and ductwork does not require paint, unless called for by Project Manager for aesthetic
reasons.
3. Exterior
Paint uninsulated pipe and ductwork the same color as the background building, or complementary
color as approved by the University. Insulated pipe and ductwork does not require paint, provided
insulation material does not require paint for protection. Depending on visibility, insulated pipe
and duct, and mechanical equipment may be painted to match background, as instructed by Project
Manager.
4. Historic Columbia Facilities colors for piping systems are:
HVAC PIPING
Service Color Designation

High Pressure Steam Orange HPS
Medium Pressure Steam Orange MPS
Low Pressure Steam Orange LPS
Pumped Condensate Orange PR
Chilled Water Supply Blue CHWS
Chilled Water Return Cyan CHWR

12-15-03
Secondary Chilled Water Supply Magenta CHWS
Secondary Chilled Water Return Magenta CHWR
Condenser Water Supply Green CWS
Condenser Water Return Green CWR
Hot Water Supply Orange HWS
Hot Water Return Orange HWR
Compressed Air Controls Green CCA
Fuel Oil Supply Black FOS
Fuel Oil Return Black FOR
PLUMBING PIPING

Compressed Air Green CA
Drain Brown DR
Natural Gas Magenta GAS
Hydrogen Yellow H2
Nitrogen Blue N2
Oxygen Yellow O2
Vacuum Yellow VAC
Domestic Cold Water (Potable) Cyan DCWS
Domestic Hot Water (Potable) Orange DHWS
Domestic Hot Water Return Orange DHWR
Lab Cold Water (Non-Potable) Cyan LCWS
Lab Hot Water (Non-Potable) Orange LHWS
Deionized Water Green DI
FIRE PROTECTION PIPING

Sprinkler Red SPRINKLER
Standpipe Red STANDPIPE
Halon Red HALON

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15251 PIPE INSULATION FOR HVAC SYSTEMS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying pipe insulation and
accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or
B. QUALITY ASSURANCE
1. Manufacturer’s Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of mechanical insulation

products, of types and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar services
for not less than 10 years.
2. Installer’s Qualifications: Firms with at least 5 years successful installation experience on projects
with mechanical insulation systems similar to that required for this project.
3. Composite pipe insulation (insulation covers, jackets and adhesive) should have fire and smoke
hazard ratings as tested by procedure ASTM E-84, NFPA 255 and UL 723 not exceeding a flame
spread index of 25 and smoke developed index of 50 or less.
C. DESIGN CRITERIA
1. Comply with more stringent of following latest edition of Energy Conservation and Construction
Code of New York State, ASHRAE and this Guideline.
1. Provide product data identifying thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets, insulating elements,
mastics and adhesives for each product indicated and manufacturer’s installation instructions.
1. Insulation should be applied to clean, dry surfaces at ambient room conditions. Do not install
damaged insulation. Damaged insulation should be removed from the job site. Any water-
damaged insulation shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost.
2. Insulation on cold surfaces where vapor barrier jackets are used should be applied with a
continuous, unbroken vapor seal. Hangers, supports, anchors, etc. that are secured
directly to cold piping should be adequately insulated and vapor sealed to prevent
condensation.
3. The use of duct tape for patching insulation is prohibited.
4. Insulation should not be installed until the piping system has been tested to the satisfaction of the
University, and is signed off.
5. Existing insulation damaged or removed shall be replaced with material and workmanship as that
specified for the new work.
15251-1 Pipe Insulation

12-15-03
F. SPECIFIC INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Insulation Thickness and Type
Service Pipe Size Thickness Runouts* Type

High Pressure Steam Up to 1½” 2½” - A
(above 15 psig) 2” & Larger 3” - A
Low Pressure Steam Up to 1½” 1½” 1 B
(15 psig & below) 2” & Larger 3” 1½”” B
Steam Condensate Return Up to 1½” 1½” - A
(above 15 psig) 2” & Larger 2½” - A
Steam Condensate Return Up to 1½” 1½” 1” B
(15 psig & below) 2” & Larger 2” 1½” B
Pumped Condensate
Hot Water (Heating)
Chilled Water Up to 1½” 1” ¾”” C
2” & Larger 1½”” 1” C
Refrigerant Up to 1½” 1” - D
2” & Larger 1½” - D
AC Unit Drains and other piping All ¾” - C
subject to sweating
*Runouts is piping directly connected to a terminal unit and not exceeding 6’-0” in length.
a. Type A Calcium Silicate For Hot Pipes
1) All high pressure (above 15 psig) steam and condensate return piping and fittings
should be insulated with 11 lb/ft3 calcium silicate insulation with a thermal
conductivity of 0.41 at 200°F. mean temperature. Glass cloth should be applied on
insulation with an approved adhesive and secured with aluminum bands 12” on
center.
2) Insulate fittings, flanges, valves, etc. for services where calcium silicate insulation
with mineral wool cement of equal thickness to the pipe insulation and finished
with glass cloth.
b. Type B Glass Fiber For Hot Pipes
1) Insulation shall be glass fiber with a maximum thermal conductivity of .24 at 75°F.
mean temperature with factory applied all-service jacket.
2) Insulation shall be rigid, molded, one-piece, fiberglass insulation that is bonded
with thermosetting resin, similar to Manville Micro-Lok with AP-T Plus Jacket.
3) The longitudinal lap of the All Purpose Jacket shall have a pressure sensitive tape
lap sealing system. Butt joints shall be sealed using manufacturer supplied butt
strips.
4) Insulation shall be capable of continuous service at a pipe temperature of 450°F.
without oxidation, burnout of binders, or development of odors or smoke.
5) All fittings, valves, flanges and pipe terminations.
a) Where manufactured, use factory premolded fittings (of the same material
and thickness as the pipe insulation) for fittings, flanges and valves.
b) Where premolded insulation fittings are not manufactured, insulate
fittings, flanges and valves with mitered segments of the same density as

12-15-03
the adjoining pipe covering.
c) Flange insulation shall extend a minimum of 1” beyond the end of the
bolts, and the bolt area shall be filled with mineral wool cement.
c. Type C Glass Fiber For Cold Pipes
1) Same material and application techniques as Type B with the following addition.
Vapor Barrier Jacket: Seal longitudinal joints with vapor barrier adhesive,
transverse joints sealed with vapor barrier strips and adhesives. Ends of pipe
insulation sealed off with vapor barrier adhesive at all flanges, valves and fittings,
and at not more than 20 feet on continuous runs of pipe.
2) Maintain integrity of vapor barrier jackets on pipe insulation, and protect to prevent
puncture or other damage. Special care must be made to maintain the vapor barrier
at PVC fittings and with pipe covered with aluminum jackets.
3) Cover valves, fittings and similar items in each piping system with insulation as
applied to adjoining pipe run. Extra care must be taken on piping appurtenances to
insure a tight fit to the piping system. Valve extension stems require elastomeric
insulation that is tight-fitting to the adjoining fiberglass system insulation. Pumps,
strainers, air separators, drain valves, etc. must be totally encapsulated with
elastomeric insulation.
4) All fittings, valves, flanges and pipe terminations
a) Where manufactured, use factory premolded fittings (of the same material
and thickness as the pipe insulation) for fittings, flanges and valves.
b) Where premolded insulation fittings are not manufactured, insulate
fittings, flanges and valves with mitered segments of the same density as
the adjoining pipe covering.
c) Flange insulation shall extend a minimum of 1” beyond the end of the
bolts, and the bolt area shall be filled with mineral wool cement.
d. Type D Foam Insulation
1) Insulation shall be premolded flexible elastomeric foam plastic with 2 lb/ft3 density
and maximum thermal conductivity of .030 at mean temperature of 100°F. suitable
operating range between -40°F. to 200°F.
2) Slip pipe insulation over pipe or slit the insulation and apply around pipe. Insulate
fittings and valves with fabricated covers of some thickness. Miter all joints and
seal with adhesive. Longitudinal seams to be located on top centerline of pipe.
2. Non-Fire-Rated Penetrations
Wherever piping penetrates walls, partitions, floor slabs, etc., the space between the piping and the
sleeve shall be packed with filler and sealed with type non-hardening compound, complying with UL
1479 (ASTM E-814) and UL 723.
3. Fire-Rated Penetrations
Piping through fire-rated walls and slabs shall be provided with a Schedule 40 steel pipe sleeve.
Insulation is to be omitted through the fire rated wall and slabs and the annular space between the
sleeve and pipe shall be filled to prevent flame spread. Refer to Firestopping Section.
4. Protection of Insulation

12-15-03
a. Protect pipe covering at hangers, guides, and roller supports with 16 gauge galvanized metal
shields or saddles (at least 3 times the insulation diameter in length and 1/3 the insulation
circumference in width) on the outside of the insulation and vapor barrier. Hold shields in
place with straps. Do not pierce the insulation with hangers. Fill each pipe covering
protection saddle with same insulation as specified for respective pipe or with suitable
insulating cement.
b. Insulation “inserts” shall be installed at hangers for glass fiber insulated piping 3” and larger
and as an option to reduce shield length on pipes below 3”. Inserts between the pipe and
pipe hangers shall consist of either high density fiberglass (7 lb/ft3) or calcium silicate
insulation of equal thickness to the adjoining insulation and shall be provided with vapor
barrier where required. Inserts shall have sufficient compressive strength so that when used
in combination with a sheet metal shield, they support the weight of the pipe and the fluid in
it without crushing the insulation.
c. Shield Lengths
Shield Length Shield Length

Pipe Diameter With Insert Without Insert
3” and below 6” 12”
4” to 6” 8” 18”
8” and larger 12” 24”
d. Inserts shall be a minimum of 6” longer than shield length, be half round where pipe is hung
and full round where clamped. A second shield will be required on clamped pipes that have
vapor barriers.
e. Pipes Subject To Freezing and Piping Exposed to Outdoors: Cover any piping subject to
freezing with an additional layer of 2” glass fiber insulation of the same finish scheduled for
the particular service when not subject to freezing, but not less than 3” total thickness.
Cover insulated piping exposed to outdoors in addition to finishes scheduled with an
aluminum jacket similar to Manville “Metal-Lok” or as approved, including all fittings.
f. Insulate heat-traced pipes as indicated for pipes subject to freezing. Cover with an
aluminum jacket, as specified for piping exposed to the outdoors.
g. Exposed insulated piping within 36” of a mechanical equipment room floor and other open
areas subject to abuse such as parking garages shall be protected with an aluminum
insulation jacket similar to “Johns-Manville” “Metal-Lok.”
1. Pipe Insulation Type A Calcium Silicate
a. Owens-Corning, Kaylo 10
b. Manville, Thermo 12
2. Pipe Insulation Types B and C Glass Fiber
a. Owens-Corning, Type 25 ASJ

b. Knauf – Pipe Insulation With ASJ
c. Certainteed – Type 500 Snap-on with ASJ
d. Manville – Micro-Lok 650 With AP-T Plus Jacket

12-15-03
3. Pipe Insulation Type D Foam Insulation
a. Armstrong – Type AP ARMAFLEX

b. Nomaco, Inc. – Type THERMA-CEL
4. Pipe Inserts
a. Grinnell
b. B-Line
c. F&S
5. PVC Covering, Elbows and Fittings
a. Protto
b. Zeston
c. Ceelco
6. Shields
a. Grinnell Figure 186

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15252 DUCT AND BREECHING INSULATION FOR HVAC SYSTEMS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying duct insulation and

products, of types and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar
services for not less than 10 years.
3. All insulation should have composite (insulation, jacket and adhesive) fire and smoke hazard
ratings as tested by procedure ASTM E-84, NFPA 255 and UL 723 not exceeding a flame spread
of 25 and smoke developed of 50.
C. DESIGN CRITERIA
1. Provide product data identifying thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets, insulating elements,
mastics and adhesives for each product indicated and manufacturer’s installation instructions.
1. Insulation should be applied to clean, dry surfaces. Do not install damaged insulation. Damaged
insulation shall be removed from the job site. Any water-damaged insulation shall be removed and
replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost.
continuous, unbroken vapor seal. Hangers, supports, anchors, etc. that are secured directly to cold
piping should be adequately insulated and vapor sealed to prevent condensation.
4. Insulation should not be installed until the duct system has been tested to the satisfaction of the
University and signed off.
5. Install insulation products in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions, and in

accordance with recognized industry practices to ensure that insulation serves the intended
purpose.
15252-1 Duct Insulation

12-15-03
6. Maintain integrity of vapor barrier on ductwork insulation, and protect it to prevent puncture and
other damage. Where punctures occur, patch tears with a tape of the same facing. Excessive
damage will require the insulation to be replaced.
7. Do not insulate lined or double wall ductwork.
F. SPECIFIC INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Insulation Thickness and Type
a. Supply air ductwork used for heating and/or cooling from air handing unit discharge to air
distribution outlets shall be 1 ½” Type A. For concealed ducts and 1” Type B for
exposed ducts.
b. Return ductwork in non-conditioned spaces shall be insulated similar to supply air
ductwork. Return ductwork does not require insulation in ceilings of conditioned spaces.
c. All outside air intake (OAI) plenums and ductwork shall be insulated with 2” Type B.
Concealed Outdoor Air Intake ductwork outside confines of mechanical equipment room
can utilize 2” Type A.
d. All exhaust air plenums and ductwork shall be insulated with 2” Type B. Concealed
exhaust discharge ductwork outside confines of mechanical equipment room can utilize
2” Type A.
e. Type A Flexible Duct Insulation
1) Flexible duct insulation shall be 1.5 lbs/ft3 density glass fiber insulation with a
maximum thermal conductivity of 0.24 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in., at a mean temperature
of 75°F. Insulation shall have a reinforced, foil-faced, flame-resistant, Kraft
vapor barrier.
2) Insulation shall be secured with duct adhesive and wire-wrapped on 12” centers.
All joints shall be sealed by adhering a 2” sealing lap at all joints with vapor
barrier adhesive or 3” strips of vapor barrier jacket applied with vapor barrier
adhesive.
f. Type B Rigid Duct Insulation
1) Rigid duct insulation shall be 4.2 lbs/ft3 density rigid glass fiber insulation, with
a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.24 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in. at a mean
temperature of 75°F. Insulation shall have a white reinforced foil vapor barrier
facing.
2) Insulation shall be impaled over welded pins applied to duct surface on 12” to
18” centers. Use a minimum of two rows of fasteners on each side of duct.
Secure insulation with suitable speed washers or clips firmly imbedded into
insulation. All joints and breaks in the vapor barrier shall be sealed with 3” wide
strips of the vapor barrier facing adhered with vapor barrier adhesive.
2. Non-Fire-Rated Penetrations
Wherever ductwork penetrates walls, partitions, floor slabs, etc., the space between the piping and the
sleeve shall be packed with filler and sealed with type non-hardening compound, complying with UL
1479 (ASTM E-814) and UL 723.

12-15-03
3. Fire-Rated Penetrations
Cold ducts passing through fire-rated walls and slabs shall be provided with a steel sleeve. Insulation
is to be omitted through the fire rated wall and slabs and the annular space between the sleeve and
duct shall be filled to prevent flame spread. Refer to Firestopping Section.
4. Protection of Insulation
a. Outdoor ductwork should be weatherproofed with an emulsion type material, Johns-

Manville Insulkote ET (black), or equal.
1) Apply one coat of Insulkote Primer E over calcium silicate, mineral fiber,
fiberglass, etc.
2) Apply one 1/8 inch coat of Insulkote ET while primer is still tacky. Cover with one
inch hexagonal wire mesh or open weave grass cloth and cover with second 1/8
inch coat while first coat is still tacky.
G. INSULATION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS INCLUDING BREECHING,

KITCHEN EXHAUST AND EMERGENCY GENERATOR EXHAUST PIPE
1. High temperature applications should be insulated with 11 lbs/ft.3 calcium silicate insulation with a
maximum thermal conductivity of 0.42 at a mean temperature of 20°F. Thickness is dependent upon
exhaust temperature but no less than 4” thick.
2. Cut insulation to fit the shape and contour of the breeching.
3. Secure insulation to breeching with No. 16 gauge galvanized wire of ½ inch galvanized strapping
spaced 18 inches on centers maximum.
4. Fill all joints with mineral wool cement.
5. Apply a ¼ inch layer of insulating cement troweled to a smooth finish.
6. For kitchen exhaust ducts exposed in finished spaces, cover the cement finish with glass cloth set in
adhesive.
7. Sections of equipment requiring periodic servicing shall be insulated with aluminum covers lined with
the same thickness of material as the adjoining insulation.
1. Flexible Glass Fiber Duct Insulation
a. Owens-Corning Fiberglass – Foil-faced duct wrap.

b. Knauf – Type FSK.
c. Schuller – Type 800 duct board.
d. Certainteed – Type iB600

12-15-03
2. Rigid Glass Fiber Duct Insulation
a. Owens-Corning – Type ASJ-705

b. Schuller – Type 800 duct board
c. Certainteed – Type iB600
3. High Temperature Applications Calcium Silicate
a. Owens-Corning
b. Schuller
c. Pabco

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15253 EQUIPMENT INSULATION
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying equipment insulation and

products, of types and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar services
for not less than 10 years.
3. All insulation should have composite (insulation, jacket and adhesive) fire and smoke hazard
ratings as tested by procedure ASTM E-84, NFPA 255 and UL 723 not exceeding a flame spread
of 25 and smoke developed of 50.
C. DESIGN CRITERIA
D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENT
1. Submit product data identifying thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets (both factory and field
applied, if any) insulating cements, mastics and adhesives for each type of product indicated and
manufacturer’s installation instructions.
2. Submit shop drawings showing fabrication and installation details for the following:
a. Field application for each equipment type.

b. Removable insulation sections at access panels.
c. Application of field-applied jackets.
d. Special shapes for cellular-glass insulation.
1. Insulation should be applied to clean, dry surfaces. Do not install damaged insulation. Damaged
insulation shall be removed from the job site. Any water-damaged insulation shall be removed and
replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost.
continuous, unbroken vapor seal. Hangers, supports, anchors, etc. that are secured directly to cold
piping should be adequately insulated and vapor sealed to prevent condensation.
15253-1 Equipment Insulation

12-15-03
4. Install equipment thermal insulation products in accordance with manufacturer’s written

instructions, and in compliance with recognized industry practices to ensure that insulation serves
the intended purpose.
5. Install insulation materials with smooth and even surfaces and on clean and dry surfaces. Redo
poorly fitted joints. Do not use mastic or joint sealer as filler for gapping joints and excessive
voids resulting from poor workmanship.
6. Maintain integrity of vapor barrier on equipment insulation and protect it to prevent puncture and
other damage.
7. Do not apply insulation to equipment while hot or cold.
8. Apply insulation using the staggered joint method for both single and double layer construction,
where feasible. Apply each layer of insulation separately.
9. Coat insulated surfaces with layer of insulating cement, troweled in workmanlike manner, leaving a
smooth continuous surface. Fill in scored block, seams, chipped edges and depressions, and cover
over wire netting and joints with cement of sufficient thickness to remove surface irregularities.
10. Cover fiberglass insulated surfaces with all-service jacketing neatly fitted and firmly secured. Lap
seams at least 2”. Apply over vapor barrier where applicable.
11. Do not insulate manholes, handholes, cleanouts, ASME stamp, and manufacturer’s nameplate.
Provide neatly beveled edge at interruptions of insulation.
12. Provide removable insulation sections to cover parts of equipment that must be opened
periodically for maintenance; include metal vessel covers, fasteners, flanges, frames and
accessories.
13. Protect outdoor insulation from weather by installation of weather-barrier mastic protective finish,
or jacketing, as recommended by the manufacturer.
E. SPECIFIC INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Tank Enclosures and Accessories
a. Semi-rigid tank insulation shall be 3 lb/ft3 density glass fiber insulation with a maximum
thermal conductivity of 0.30 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in, as a mean temperature of 200°F., unfaced.
b. Service: Thickness:
Inline air separators 1”

Irregularly shaped pipe accessories 1”
Shell and tube heat exchangers
Greater than 200°F. in shell 2”
Less than 200°F. in shell 1”
Domestic water storage tank 1”
Condensate pump receivers 1”
Expansion tank 1”
Flash tank 1”

12-15-03
c. Point joints with lagging cement prior to application of finish. Finish with two layers of 8
oz. glass mesh weave. Coat each layer with vapor barrier adhesive.
d. Insulation shall be fastened with welded pins or stick clips on flat surfaces and with
stainless steel bands on irregular surfaces. Note: Do not weld attachment pins to ASME
rated heat exchangers.
e. Provide removable insulation segments at heat exchanger heads to allow removal and
reinstallation of tube bundles.
2. Pump Enclosures (Chilled Water, Secondary Water, Condenser Water)
a. Encase pumps in No. 20 gauge removable aluminum (or 18 gauge galvanized) cover lined
with two inch thick 6 lb/ft3 density rigid glass fiber insulation with a maximum thermal
conductivity of 0.30 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in at a mean temperature of 75°F.
b. Fabricate the enclosure with a division coinciding with the pump split case so that part of
the enclosure can be removed and the pump serviced and dismantled without destroying
the insulation.
c. Fill voids in the interior of the insulated enclosure with scraps of fiberglass insulation.
d. Vapor seal closure joints of metal casing.
3. Chillers, Absorbers and Boilers
a. Manufacturer of equipment shall provide factory installed and applied insulation on all
hot and cold surfaces.
b. Water Boxes
1) Insulate water boxes with one inch thick closed cell panel cut and mitered to
conform to the water box geometry. Spacing behind flange plate shall have
insulation built up to height equal to that of the flange plate with minimum width of
three inches.
2) Prefabricate removable, 20 gauge aluminum cover for water box head plate, lined
with one inch thick closed cell panel. Cover shall be constructed for a snug fit over
water box flanges to a point even with built up insulation behind flange plate.
3) Vapor seal fixed closure joints of metal cover.
F. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Tank Enclosures and Accessories – Semi-Rigid Glass Fiber
a. Owens-Corning – Type 703

b. Certainteed – Type IB
c. Knauf – Type elevated temperature board
d. Manville – Type Spin Glass
2. Pump Enclosures – Rigid Glass Fiber
a. Owens-Corning – Type 705

b. Manville – Type 800
c. Certainteed – Type iB600

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15542 WATER TREATMENT
A. GENERAL
All chemicals used for the cleaning and treatment of utility water systems at the University must meet the
following criteria:
1. All chemicals must be ecologically acceptable so that any discharge or spill will not create any
environmental problem.
2. In order to minimize the exposure of personnel and equipment to potentially hazardous conditions,
all chemicals used for water treatment should not be toxic.
3. The use of any chemicals for water treatment must have prior approval of the University’s
environmental personnel and facilities management. Material Safety Data Sheets and Product Data
Sheets should be submitted for their evaluation.
4. All chemicals must be approved for use in New York City. The use of chromate-based chemicals
is specifically prohibited.
B. PROCEDURES
As a minimum, the following procedures must be followed:-
1. Cleaning of all systems: Fill the system and add standard 12% hypochlorite bleach (approximately
one quart of bleach per 10,000 gallons of water) for a residual of 2-3 ppm of chlorine. Test for
concentration. Add a general dispersant such as Drewsperse 738 at 500-1000 ppm (approximately
7 gallons of Drewsperse per 10,000 gallons of water) for mud, silt and microbiological matter.
This solution should be circulated for a minimum of eight hours and then emptied into the sanitary
waste system.
2. Secondary hot water systems: Corrosion inhibitor for hot water systems shall be a combination of
sodium molybdate, sodium hydroxide, polytriozole and organic polymers, and compatible with
Drewguard 315. The concentration of the solution should be approximately 100 ppm of
molybdate (approximately 10 gallons of Drewguard 315 per 10,000 gallons of water).
3. For treatment of chilled water systems that are not isolated from the main campus chilled water
loop, contact Plant Engineering personnel.
4. Chilled water systems that are isolated from the main campus chilled water loop should be treated
as described in Paragraph 2 (Secondary Hot Water Systems).
15542-1 Water Treatment

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15545 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
A. GENERAL
1. The campus chilled water system presently serves the main campus of the University. Buildings
on the east campus are served by individual chiller plants, generally located within the buildings
themselves.
2. Chilled water distribution within some buildings is via a secondary chilled water pumping system;
other buildings utilize the main chilled water loop pressure to deliver primary loop water.
3. Isolation valves must be provided where supply and return piping enters the building. Isolation
valves should be motorized high performance butterfly valves as manufactured by Jamesbury,
Rockwell, L&G Powers or Duriron. The valves will be under the control of the Campus Building
Management System.
4. Provide chilled water meter at each building and tie into centralized system down stream of
isolation valve, in accordance with 15170. Chilled water usage is monitored and recorded by the
campus data acquisition system.
5. The University has a computer hydraulic model of the entire chilled water system that provides
information on flows, pressures, etc. This information is maintained by an independent consultant.
This model shall be utilized where the use of centralized chilled water is planned to determine
subsequent system-wide effects.
6. Chilled water is presently available from April 15 thru November 1.
B. DESIGN GUIDELINES
1. The designer’s goal should be to design a system that can function as close as possible to variable
flow, constant temperature drop over the entire load range.
2. Buildings with high static heads should not be directly connected to the chilled water system, but
hydraulically isolated via a plate heat exchanger(s).
3. All piping and components installed in the chilled water system must be rated for and tested to 200
psig.
4. Chilled water coils should be selected for an entering water temperature of 45°F and a 16°F
temperature rise.
5. Fan coil units should have 3 row coil high capacity coils.
15545-1 Chilled Water System

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15720 MODULAR AIR HANDLING UNITS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying modular air handling units and
2. This Section includes modular central station air-handling units with coils.
3. The decision to use modular central station air handling units versus custom will be made on a project-
by-project basis. However, for general duty up to approximately 20,000 CFM modular is acceptable.
B. REFERENCE STANDARDS
1. Electrical component devices and accessories should be listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70,
Article 100.
2. Modular indoor air-handling units and components should be designed, fabricated, and installed in
compliance with NFPA 90A, “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”
3. Modular air handling units and their components should be factory tested according to ARI 430,
“Central-Station Air-Handling Units,” and should be listed and labeled by ARI.
1. The Engineer will submit pressure drop calculations justifying the static pressure selection for each
unit upon the University’s request.
2. The Engineer will submit a psychometric chart for each air handling unit with the following
temperatures plotted: outside and indoor design condition, entering and leaving coil conditions and
room sensible heat factor line, for each unit upon the University’s request.
3. Indicate on machine room drawings an accurately scaled air handling unit, include with subdivisions
indicating individual sections and access sections.
4. Indicate coil pull space on Drawings.
1. Product data should be submitted for each air-handling unit specified, including the following:
a. Certified fan-performance curves with system operating conditions indicated.

b. Certified fan-sound power ratings.
c. Certified coil-performance ratings with system operating conditions indicated.
d. Motor ratings and electrical characteristics plus motor and fan accessories.
e. Material gauges and finishes.
f. Filters with performance characteristics.
g. Dampers, including housings, linkages, and operators.
15720-1 Modular Air Handling Units

12-15-03
2. Shop drawings should be submitted from the manufacturer detailing equipment assemblies and
indicating dimensions, weights, loadings, required clearances, method of field assembly, components,
and location and size of each field connection.
3. Wiring diagrams should be submitted detailing wiring for power and control systems and
differentiating between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring.
E. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. When sizing air handling unit, the Engineer shall include in their consideration duct leakage (55°),
resistance to loaded filters, and additional capacity.
2. Designer shall coordinate the locations of AHU’s with consideration to objectionable noise and access.
Units located on other than slab on grade, shall be supported on materials that provide a sound
deadening mass. Maximum structural deflection shall not exceed ¼:
3. When variable airflows are required, use variable frequency drives, not inlet vanes.
4. Specify air blenders wherever the risk of air stratification can occur.
5. Insure that the steam coil location or unit mounting height above the floor will allow a minimum
vertical drop of 12” from the discharge of the steam coil to the trap inlet. The discharge from the
steam trap shall then be pitched away from the trap so it can drain by gravity. Vertical lifts are not
allowed.
6. Coordinate with the plumbing designer so that there is a floor drain in the immediate proximity of the
AHU cooling coil. Arrange piping so that it does not create a trip hazard.
7. Design installation of units to allow access space around air handling units for service and maintenance
and to allow a coil replacement. The isolation valves shall be arranged in such a way that they can be
closed and piping between the valve and coil can be removed and the coil pulled out and replaced.
8. Cooling coils should not be selected for velocity exceeding 500 feet per minute. Where velocities are
higher moisture eliminators should be considered to minimize potential of moisture carry over.
9. Heating coils should not be selected for velocities exceeding 600 FPM.
F. GENERAL AHU REQUIREMENTS
1. AHU’s shall be entirely of double wall galvanized steel construction (conforming to ASTM A525
(G90)).
2. AHU’s shall be fully assembled by the manufacturer in the factory in accordance with the arrangement
shown on the drawings. The unit shall be assembled into the largest sections possible subject to
shipping and rigging restrictions.
3. Structural Rigidity: Provide structural reinforcement when required by span or loading so that the
deflection of the assembled structure shall not exceed L/200 of the span when the unit is operating at a
differential static pressure of 1 ½ times the design static pressure but not less than 8” water gauge
minimum. In addition to all mechanical dead loads, exterior units shall be designed to a minimum of a
simultaneous 50 psf roof live load and 20 psf wind load, or as required by code, whether or not the unit
is operating.

12-15-03
4. All piping connections for the unit shall be run to outside the casing from the factory. Grommets and
other air seals shall be installed by the factory.
5. AHU cross sectional area shall be consistent throughout units length. Coil extensions outside unit
profile are not acceptable.
G. UNIT CASING
1. Formed and reinforced galvanized 18 gauge outer steel panels and floor, fabricated to allow removal
for access to internal parts and components, with joints between sections sealed. Panels shall be
removable without affecting the structure of the unit.
2. 20 gauge solid galvanized steel liner in all sections, except fan and discharge sections shall be
perforated. Floor liner is below unit to hold and protect insulation.
3. Access panels and doors shall have the same materials, thickness, construction, and finishes as the
cabinet and be complete with hinges, latches, handles, and gaskets. All doors shall have a 9” x 9”
double pane view window. Door latch motion shall not exceed 180° and shall pull the panel snug to
the frame door. Latches shall be metal.
4. Fan section shall have inspection and access panels and doors sized and located to allow periodic
maintenance and inspections. Access doors into plug fan shall open into the fan section.
5. Casing construction and finish for outdoor units shall be suitable for exterior, rooftop installation with
no leakage or other weather penetration. Roof shall have canting to allow proper draining. Provide
structural reinforcement when required by span or loading so that the deflection of the assembled
structure shall not exceed L/200 of the span when the unit is operating at a differential static pressure
of 1 ½ times the design static pressure. In addition to all mechanical dead loads, exterior units shall be
designed to a minimum of a simultaneous 50 psf roof live load and 20 psf wind load, or as required by
code, whether or not the unit is operating. Units shall be finished with an exterior grade paint, color
selection by University Architect.
6. When tested in accordance with ASTM-B-117, the unit shall withstand 125 hour salt spray solution
(5%) without any sign of rust.
7. Unit shall be designed such that when the modules are connected together, the gasket seal shall be
made tighter.
H. UNIT BASE
1. The entire unit shall be mounted on factory fabricated or field erected continuous, base rail channels,
or a housekeeping pad.
2. Outdoor units will be mounted onto the roof curb or steel dunnage, depending upon specific project
requirements.
I. COILS
1. Cooling and heating coils shall be factory tested for rating in accordance with ARI 410 – Standard for
Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils.

12-15-03
2. Coil section shall be designed and constructed to facilitate removal of coil for maintenance and
replacement and to assure full air flow through coils. All coils shall be drainable, rigidly supported
across the full face of the coil, and pitched to allow drainage.
3. Fins should not be spaced more than 11 per inch.
4. Coils should be proof tested to 300 psig and leak tested to 200 psig air pressure under water.
5. Water Coils
a. All coil capabilities, pressure drops and selections procedures should be certified in
accordance with ARI Standard 410.
b. Plate fin type coils are preferred.
c. Water coils should have 5/8” O.D., 0.035” thick copper tubes with aluminum plate fins.
Headers should be round copper pipe. Steel pipe headers are unacceptable. Coil frames
should be galvanized steel.
d. Chilled water coils that utilize central campus chilled water should be selected for a
temperature rise of 16F (45°F – 61°F).
e. Coils shall have a threaded connection for air vent at high point in header.
6. Steam Heating Coils
a. Distribution header coil fabricated according to ARI Standard 410.

b. Non-freeze, distributing type steam coils should be pitched in the unit casing to allow for
proper drainage of steam condensate.
c. Tube arrangement should be 1” O.D. copper outer tube with 11/16” O.D. copper inner tube.
Headers should be cast iron with internal threaded connection. Steel pipe headers are
unacceptable.
7. Refrigerant Coils
a. Direct-Expansion Refrigerant Coils: Designed and fabricated in compliance with ASHRAE

Standard 15, “Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.” Provide seamless copper suction
headers and distributor tubes. Venturi-type refrigerant distributor, designed for low pressure
drop, arranged for down feed with solder connections, and having a maximum of 12 circuits
for each distributor. Coils with more than 12 circuits shall have two distributors. Split circuit
coils shall have two distributors.
b. Coils shall be burst tested to 450 psig and proof tested to 300 psig air pressure under water.
c. After testing, insides of coils are to be dried, all connections are to be sealed, and coil shall
be shipped with a charge of dry nitrogen.
J. DRAIN PAN
1. Drain pans should be formed sections of 316 stainless steel (where not available provide 10 gauge
galvanized steel). The drain pan shall be sloped in two directions with the lowest single point at the
drain connection(s). The cooling coil shall have a full width, sloped drain pan that extends
downstream of the coil to provide sufficient amount of space to collect moisture carryover.
2. Coils with finned height greater than 48” shall have an intermediate 316 stainless steel drain pan
extending the entire length of the coil.
3. Drain pan to be located high enough to function at design static pressure, with a trap and 2 inch air gap
to floor drain.

12-15-03
K. SUPPLY/RETURN FAN
1. Fan should be an AMCA rated double width, double inlet or plug centrifugal type mounted on a single
shaft. Fan blades shall be backwardly inclined or backwardly curved air foil type. The University will
consider using forward curves fans on systems less than 3,000 CFM.
2. The fan should be statically and dynamically balanced as an assembly, at the design RPM.
3. Fan drives should be of the “V” belt type, rated at 150 percent of maximum fan motor horsepower and
should provide for adjustment of both belt tension and alignment. Belt speeds should not exceed 5100
fpm.
4. Provide variable-pitch sheaves on fans of 5 HP and smaller. Sheaves shall be cast iron, with multiple
grooves for multi-belt applications.
5. Provide one spare sets of belts for each AHU fan.
6. The following factory tests are required:
a. Sound power level ratings shall comply with AMCA Standard 301 “Method for Calculating
Fan Sound Ratings From Laboratory Test Data,” and shall be the result of tests made in
accordance with AMCA Standard 300, “Test Code for Sound Rating.” Fans shall be licensed
to bear the AMCA Certified Sound Ratings Seal.
b. Unit’s fans performance ratings for flow rate, pressure, power air density, speed of rotation,
and efficiency shall be factory tested and ratings established in accordance with AMCA
Standard 210/ASHRAE Standard 51 – Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating.
7. Fan section shall be equipped with a formed steel channel base for integral mounting of fan, motor,
and casing panels. Fan and motor shall be mounted on an independent frame with the frame mounted
on spring vibration isolators to isolate fan and motor vibration from the unit frame with seismic
restraints.
8. Grease-lubricated ball bearings selected for L (50) 200,000-hour average life, with grease fittings
extended to an accessible location outside the fan section.
9. Design fan drive for a 1.3 service factor and factory mounted with final alignment and belt adjustment
made after installation.
10. See Section 15860 “Fans” for additional requirements.
L. INSULATION
1. All factory fabricated air handling units should be factory insulated with 1” thick, 1-1/2 lb. density
fiberglass insulation.
M. ACCESS SECTIONS
1. Access sections should be provided for access to filters, both faces of coils, and fan. Each access
section should have a full height, hinged, removable access door of a sufficient size (18” x 48”) to
accommodate a moderately sized man to service and repair the equipment. Each access door shall be
properly gasketed to minimize air leakage. The door should have “Ventlock” style metal handles
operable from the inside and outside.

12-15-03
2. All access sections should have a light and an 8” glass and wire inspection window. The light switch
with red indicator light should be located externally adjacent to the door.
3. Access door swing should open in the direction of higher pressure. Doors that do not open against unit
operating pressure shall be provided with safety “Ventlock” style latches that allow the door to open
approximately three inches and then require approximately 45-degree further movement of the handle
for complete opening. Latch shall be capable of restraining explosive opening of door with a force
equal to minimum of 12” of differential static pressure of 1½ times operating differential pressure,
whichever is greater. Latch motion shall not exceed 180 degrees and shall seal and pull the unit snug
to frame.
N. ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Vapor-proof lights using cast aluminum base style with glass globe and cast aluminum guard and 60
watt light bulb, shall be installed in each section where there is access for maintenance, including
service vestibules and fan section. A switch with pilot light outside the unit shall control the lights in
each compartment with a red pilot light mounted outside the respective compartment access door.
Wiring between switches and lights shall be factory installed in metallic conduit. All wiring shall run
in neatly installed electrical conduits and terminate in a junction box for a single point, 115 volt field
connection to the building system.
2. Provide a factory wired convenience GFI duplex outlet next to one light switch.
O. DAMPERS
1. Leakage rate according to AMCA 500 entitled “Laboratory Methods For Testing Dampers For Rating”
should not exceed 2% of air quantity at 2,000 fpm face velocity through damper and 4 inch w.g.
pressure differential.
2. Outside air dampers should be low-leakage, double skin, airfoil-blade galvanized steel dampers with
compressible jamb seals and extruded-vinyl blade edge seals in opposed-blade arrangements with steel
operating rods rotating in sintered bronze bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame, and
with operating rods connected with a common linkage. Leakage rate should not exceed 5 cfm/sq. ft. at
1-inch w.g., and 9 cfm/sq.ft. at 4-inch w.g.
3. Face-and-bypass dampers should be opposed blade galvanized-steel dampers with steel operating rods
rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame and with
operating rods connected with a common linkage. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and
edge seals, and mechanically fasten to operating rod.
4. Multi-zone dampers should utilize two single-blade galvanized-steel dampers offset 90 degrees from
each other on steel operating rod rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single
galvanized-steel frame. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and edge seals, and mechanically
fasten to operating rod.
5. Damper actuators shall be sized for 1 ½ times the actual damper required static pressure differential.
Actuators subject to freezing temperatures shall be electric type.
P. FILTER SECTION
1. Filters should comply with NFPA 90A.
2. Provide filter holding frames arranged for flat or angular orientation, with access doors on both sides

12-15-03
of unit. Filters should be removable from one side.
3. Disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated, viscous-coated, flat panel-type, disposable air
filters with holding frames. Media shall be interlaced glass fibers sprayed with nonflammable
adhesive. Frames should be galvanized steel with metal grid on outlet side, steel rod grid on inlet side,
hinged, and with pull and retaining handles.
4. Extended-surface, disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface filters

with hold frames. Medias should be fibrous material formed into deep-V shaped pleats and held by
self-supporting with grid. Media and media-grid fame should be galvanized steel.
5. Extended surface, nonsupported-media filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface, self-

supporting filters with holding frames. Media should be fibrous material constructed so individual
pleats are maintained in tapered from by flexible internal supports under rated-airflow conditions.
Filter-media frame should be galvanized steel.
6. Pre-filters shall be 30% efficient based on ASHRAE 52-76 test procedure.
7. Final filters to have an average efficiency rating of 85% as measured by ASHRAE Standard 52-68.
Initial resistance not greater than 0.65” of W.G. at 500 feet per minute face velocity.
8. Install a differential pressure gauge (Magnehelic 2002AF) in all central air handling units across each
set of filter banks. The sensing ports shall be so located on either side of the filter to provide an
accurate average static pressure drop across the entire filter bank.
9. Furnish one additional complete set of pre and final filters for each air handling (AHU) unit.
Q. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Trane Modular Series
2. Carrier
3. York

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15725 CUSTOM AIR HANDLING UNITS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying custom air handling units and
2. This Section includes custom central station air-handling units with coils.
3. The decision to use custom air handling units or modular type will be made on a project by project
basis. However, where special duty units and units above 20,000 CFM are required, custom is
preferable.
B. REFERENCE STANDARDS
1. Electrical component devices and accessories should be listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70,
Article 100.
2. Custom air-handling units and components should be designed, fabricated, and installed in compliance
with NFPA 90A, “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”
3. Custom air-handling units and their components should be factory tested according to ARI 430,
“Central-Station Air-Handling Units,” and should be listed and labeled by ARI.
1. The Engineer will submit pressure drop calculations justifying the static pressure selection for each
unit upon the University’s request.
2. The Engineer will submit a psychometric chart for each air handling unit with the following
temperatures plotted: outside and indoor design condition, entering and leaving coil conditions and
room sensible heat factor line, for each unit upon the University’s request.
3. Indicate on machine room drawings an accurately scaled air handling unit, include with subdivisions
indicating individual sections and access sections.
4. Indicate coil pull space on drawings.
1. Product data should be submitted for each air-handling unit specified, including the following:
a. Certified fan-performance curves with system operating conditions indicated.

b. Certified fan-sound power ratings.
c. Certified coil-performance ratings with system operating conditions indicated.
d. Motor ratings and electrical characteristics plus motor and fan accessories.
e. Material gauges and finishes.
f. Filters with performance characteristics.
g. Dampers, including housings, linkages, and operators.
15725-1 Custom Air Handling Units

12-15-03
2. Shop drawings should be submitted from the manufacturer detailing equipment assemblies and
indicating dimensions, weights, loadings, required clearances, method of field assembly, components,
and location and size of each field connection.
3. Wiring diagrams should be submitted detailing wiring for power and control systems and
differentiating between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring.
E. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. When sizing air handling unit, the Engineer shall include in their consideration duct leakage (55°),
resistance to loaded filters, and additional capacity.
2. Designer shall coordinate the locations of AHU’s with consideration to objectionable noise and access.
Units located on other than slab on grade, shall be supported on materials that provide a sound
deadening mass. Maximum structural deflection shall not exceed ¼:
3. The space below roof top units shall be solid. Only duct, pipe and conduit openings are allowed under
the unit. Seal all openings with resilient type seal.
4. When variable airflows are required, use variable frequency drives, not inlet vanes.
5. Specify air blenders wherever the risk of air stratification can occur.
6. Insure that the steam coil location or unit mounting height above the floor will allow a minimum
vertical drop of 12” from the discharge of the steam coil to the trap inlet. The discharge from the
steam trap shall then be pitched away from the trap so it can drain by gravity. Vertical lifts are not
allowed.
7. Coordinate with the plumbing designer so that there is a floor drain in the immediate proximity of the
AHU cooling coil. Arrange piping so that it does not create a trip hazard.
8. Avoid fan speeds in excess of 2500 RPM.
9. Design installation of units to allow access space around air handling units for service and maintenance
and to allow a coil replacement. The isolation valves shall be arranged in such a way that they can be
closed and piping between the valve and coil can be removed and the coil pulled out and replaced.
10. Cooling coils should not be selected for velocity exceeding 500 feet per minute. Where velocities are
higher moisture eliminators should be considered to minimize potential of moisture carry over.
11. Heating coils should not be selected for velocities exceeding 600 FPM.
F. GENERAL AHU REQUIREMENTS
1. AHU’s shall be entirely of double wall galvanized steel construction (conforming to ASTM A525
(G90)).
2. AHU’s shall be fully assembled by the manufacturer in the factory in accordance with the arrangement
shown on the drawings. The unit shall be assembled into the largest sections possible subject to
shipping and rigging restrictions.
3. At the University’s request, select units shall be fully assembled, factory tested and then split to
accommodate shipment and jobsite rigging. Clear instructions on how to assemble the unit shall be

12-15-03
provided. A manufacturer’s representative shall oversee assembly.
4. Structural Rigidity: Provide structural reinforcement when required by span or loading so that the
deflection of the assembled structure shall not exceed L/200 of the span when the unit is operating at a
differential static pressure of 1 ½ times the design static pressure but not less than 8” water gauge
minimum. In addition to all mechanical dead loads, exterior units shall be designed to a minimum of a
simultaneous 50 psf roof live load and 20 psf wind load, or as required by code, whether or not the unit
is operating.
5. All piping connections for the unit shall be run to outside the casing from the factory. Grommets and
other air seals shall be installed by the factory.
6. AHU cross sectional area shall be consistent throughout units length. Coil extensions outside unit
profile are not acceptable.
G. CASING
1. AHU shall be designed and constructed such that removal of any panel shall not affect the structural
integrity of the unit. Plug panels may be used to enhance structural stability provided access space is
not reduced. Panel shall be removable to allow service access.
2. Casing shall be double wall galvanized steel, minimum 2” thick, constructed of minimum 16 gauge
outer skin and 20 gauge solid inner skin. Provide perforated inner skin in the fan, supply discharge
section and the return air sections.
3. Inner panel of floor shall be 16 gauge, with a 20 gauge insulation protector (below unit).
4. Provide blank-offs where required to insure no air bypass between sections, through perforated panels
or around coils or filters. Blank-offs shall be installed at each component of the AHU unit and also at
the internal panels to prevent recirculation of the air through perforated panels. Seal any holes where
bypass occurs.
5. AHU’s shall be designed to insure that there is no condensation on the exterior of the unit based on
outside design conditions. Through metal connections between inner and outer panels shall be kept to
an absolute minimum. If tubular structural members are used inside of the tube shall be insulated
equal to casing.
6. Provide adequate structural base members beneath floor in service access sections to support typical
service foot traffic and to prevent damage to unit floor or internal insulation. Unit floors in casing
sections which may contain water or condensate shall be watertight with drain pan.
7. Exterior and interior panels shall be secured to the support channels with stainless steel or zinc-
chromate plated screws and gaskets installed around the panel perimeter. Panels shall be completely
removable to allow removal of fan, coils, and other internal components for maintenance, repair, or
modifications.
8. Casing construction and finish for outdoor units shall be suitable for exterior installation with no
leakage or other weathered penetration. Roofs shall be sloped to allow proper draining. Provide a ten
year, non-prorated labor and material warranty protecting the owner for water leakage or material
rusting.
9. Provide sealed sleeves or grommets with metal or plastic escutcheons for penetrations through casing
for pipes, wiring, and pneumatic tubing; coordinate number and location with electrical and

12-15-03
temperature control subcontractors. Coordinate lights, switches, duplex outlets and disconnect switch
location and mounting. All field penetrations shall be neatly performed by drilling or saw cutting;
cutting by torches is not allowed. Neatly seal all openings airtight. All piping connections shall be
outside the casing from the factory.
10. Exterior of units shall be primed and painted color as directed by Owner/Owner’s representative at
time of purchase. Submit color chart.
H. BASE
1. Provide a heavy-duty base for supporting all AHU major components. Bases shall be constructed of a
minimum 6” high wide-flange steel I-beams, channels, or minimum 3/16” wall tubular steel base
members. Welded or bolted cross members shall be provided as required for lateral stability.
Contractor shall provide supplemental steel supports as required to obtain proper operation heights for
steam coil condensate and return trap.
2. AHU’s shall be completely self-supporting for installation on structural steel support frame as
appropriate.
I. PIPE CHASE ENCLOSURE
1. Piping to roof top units must be protected with a weatherproof, insulated, piping enclosure furnished
with the units and extending down to the base of the unit.
J. COILS
1. Cooling and heating coils shall be factory tested for rating in accordance with ARI 410 – Standard for
Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils.
2. Coil section shall be designed and constructed to facilitate removal of coil for maintenance and
replacement and to assure full air flow through coils. All coils shall be drainable, rigidly supported
across the full face of the coil, and pitched to allow drainage.
3. Fins should not be spaced more than 11 per inch.
5. Coils should be proof tested to 300 psig and leak tested to 200 psig air pressure under water.
6. Water Coils
a. All coil capabilities, pressure drops and selections procedures should be certified in
accordance with ARI Standard 410.
b. Plate fin type coils are preferred.
c. Water coils should have 5/8” O.D., 0.035” thick copper tubes with aluminum plate fins.
Headers should be round copper pipe. Steel pipe headers are unacceptable. Coil frames
should be galvanized steel.
d. Chilled water coils that utilize central campus chilled water should be selected for a
temperature rise of 16F (45°F – 61°F).
e. Coils shall have threaded connection for air vent at high point in header.
7. Steam Heating Coils
a. Distribution header coil fabricated according to ARI Standard 410.

12-15-03
b. Non-freeze, distributing type steam coils should be pitched in the unit casing to allow for
proper drainage of steam condensate.
c. Tube arrangement should be 1” O.D. copper outer tube with 11/16” O.D. copper inner tube.
Headers should be cast iron with internal threaded connection. Steel pipe headers are
unacceptable.
8. Refrigerant Coils
a. Direct-Expansion Refrigerant Coils: Designed and fabricated in compliance with ASHRAE

Standard 15, “Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.” Provide seamless copper suction
headers and distributor tubes. Venturi-type refrigerant distributor, designed for low pressure
drop, arranged for down feed with solder connections, and having a maximum of 12 circuits
for each distributor. Coils with more than 12 circuits shall have two distributors. Split circuit
coils shall have two distributors.
b. Coils shall be burst tested to 450 psig and proof tested to 300 psig air pressure under water.
c. After testing, insides of coils are to be dried, all connections are to be sealed, and coil shall
be shipped with a charge of dry nitrogen.
K. DRAIN PAN
1. Double wall drain pans should be formed sections of 316 stainless steel. The drain pan shall be sloped
in two directions with the lowest single point at the drain connection(s). The cooling coil shall have a
full width, sloped drain pan that extends downstream of the coil to provide sufficient amount of space
to collect moisture carryover. The drain pan shall be double wall construction with a 316 stainless
steel liner and have a minimum of 2” insulation. The pan shall have a minimum depth of 4 inches.
2. Coils with finned height greater than 48” shall have an intermediate 316 stainless steel drain pan
extending the entire length of the coil.
3. Drain pan to be located high enough to function at design static pressure, with a trap and 2 inch air gap
to floor drain.
L. SUPPLY/ RETURN FAN
1. Fan should be an AMCA rated double width, double inlet or plug centrifugal type mounted on a single
shaft. Fan blades shall be backwardly inclined or backwardly curved air foil type only.
2. Supply fan shall be minimum Class II construction, double width, double inlet centrifugal air foil, or
backward inclined type. Return fans shall be minimum Class II construction, vertical plenum fan. All
fans shall be factory balanced and rated in accordance with AMCA 210.
3. Fan drives should be of the “V” belt type, rated at 150 percent of maximum fan motor horsepower and
should provide for adjustment of both belt tension and alignment. Belt speeds should not exceed 5100
fpm.
4. Provide one spare sets of belts for each AHU fan.
5. Provide variable-pitch sheaves on fan 5 HP and smaller. Sheaves shall be cast-iron, with multiple
grooves for multi belt applications.
6. The following factory tests are required:

12-15-03
a. Sound power level ratings shall comply with AMCA Standard 301 “Method for Calculating
Fan Sound Ratings From Laboratory Test Data,” and shall be the result of tests made in
accordance with AMCA Standard 300, “Test Code for Sound Rating.” Fans shall be licensed
to bear the AMCA Certified Sound Ratings Seal.
b. Unit’s fans performance ratings for flow rate, pressure, power air density, speed of rotation,
and efficiency shall be factory tested and ratings established in accordance with AMCA
Standard 210/ASHRAE Standard 51 – Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating.
7. Fan section shall be equipped with a formed steel channel base for integral mounting of fan, motor,
and casing panels. Fan and motor shall be mounted on an independent frame with the frame mounted
on spring vibration isolators to isolate fan and motor vibration from the unit frame with seismic
restraints.
8. Provide self-aligning, pillow block, grease type ball-type bearings selected for a B(10) life of not less
than 80,000 hours and an L(50) average fatigue life of 400,000 hours per AFBMA Standard 9. Extend
bearing grease lines to motor and drive side of fan section. Fan shall be located in air stream to assure
proper air flow.
9. Design fan drive for a 1.3 service factor and factory mounted with final alignment and belt adjustment
made after installation.
10. Fan drive and belts shall be factory mounted with final alignment and belt adjustment to be made by
the Contractor after installation. Unit manufacturer shall provide additional drive(s) if required during
balancing, to achieve desired airflow.
11. See Section 15860 “Fans” for additional requirements.
M. AIR BLENDER
1. A factory installed air blender should be provided on all air handling units, in order to decrease the
possibility of air stratification.
N. INSULATION
1. The walls, roof and floor of the AHU shall be insulated. Insulation shall be held securely in position
between the inner and outer skin of casing.
2. Insulation shall completely fill the void of the AHU casing, 1½ pound density for interior units, 3
pound density for exterior units, rigid glass fiber. Insulation shall meet ASTM 1071 requirements.
Secure the insulation to prevent settling or separation.
O. ACCESS SECTIONS
1. Access sections should be provided for access to filters, both faces of coils, and fan. Each access
section should have a full height, hinged removal access door of a sufficient size (18” x 48”) to
accommodate a moderately sized man to service and repair the equipment. Each access door shall be
properly gasketed to maximize air leakage. The door should have “Ventlock” style metal handles
operable from the inside and outside.
2. All access sections should have a light and 8” glass and wire inspection window. The light switch with
red indicator light should be located externally adjacent to door.

12-15-03
3. Access door swing should open into direction of higher pressure. Doors that do not open against unit
operating pressure are not acceptable.
P. ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING (FOR UNIT SECTIONS AND SERVICE VESTIBULE)
1. Vapor-proof lights using cast aluminum base style with glass globe and cast aluminum guard and 60
watt light bulb, shall be installed in each section where there is access for maintenance, including
service vestibules and fan sections. A switch with pilot light outside the unit shall control the lights in
each compartment with a red pilot light mounted outside the respective compartment access door.
Wiring between switches and lights shall be factory installed in metallic conduit. All wiring shall run
in neatly installed electrical conduits and terminate in a junction box for a single point, 115 volt field
connection to the building system.
2. Provide a factory wired convenience GFI duplex outlet on a separate circuit next to one light switch.
Q. DAMPERS
1. Leakage rate according to AMCA 500 entitled “Laboratory Methods for Testing Dampers for Rating”
should not exceed 2% of air quantity at 2,000 fpm face velocity through damper and 4-inch w.g.
pressure differential.
2. Outside air dampers should be low-leakage, double skin, airfoil-blade galvanized steel dampers with
compressible jamb seals and extruded-vinyl blade edge seals in opposed-blade arrangements with steel
operating rods rotating in sintered bronze bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame, and
with operating rods connected with a common linkage. Leakage rate should not exceed 5 cfm/sq. ft. at
1-inch w.g. and 9 cfm/sq. ft. at 4-inch w.g.
3. Face-and-bypass dampers should be opposed blade galvanized-steel dampers with steel operating rods
rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame and with
operating rods connected with a common linkage. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and
edge seals, and mechanically fasten to operating rod.
4. Multi-zone dampers should utilize two single-blade galvanized-steel dampers offset 90 degrees from
each other on steel operating rod rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single
galvanized-steel frame. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and edge seals, and mechanically
fasten to operating rod.
R. FILTER SECTION
1. Filters should comply with NFPA 90A.
2. Provide filter holding frames arranged for flat or angular orientation, with access doors on both sides
of unit. Filters should be removable from one side.
3. Disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated, viscous-coated, flat panel-type, disposable air
filters with holding frames. Media shall be interlaced glass fibers sprayed with nonflammable
adhesive. Frames should be galvanized steel with metal grid on outlet side, steel rod grid on inlet side,
hinged, and with pull and retaining handles.
4. Extended-surface, disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface filters

with hold frames. Medias should be fibrous material formed into deep-V shaped pleats and held by
self-supporting with grid. Media and media-grid fame should be galvanized steel.

12-15-03
5. Extended surface, nonsupported-media filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface, self-
supporting filters with holding frames. Media should be fibrous material constructed so individual
pleats are maintained in tapered from by flexible internal supports under rated-airflow conditions.
Filter-media frame should be galvanized steel.
6. Pre-filters shall be 30% efficient based on ASHRAE 52-76 test procedure.
7. Final filters to have an average efficiency rating of 85% as measured by ASHRAE Standard 52-68.
Initial resistance not greater than 0.65” of W.G. at 500 feet per minute face velocity.
8. Install a differential pressure gauge (Magnehelic 2002AF) in all central air handling units across each
set of filter banks. The sensing ports shall be so located on either side of the filter to provide an
accurate average static pressure drop across the entire filter bank.
9. Furnish one additional complete set of pre and final filters for each air handling (AHU) unit.
S. HUMIDIFERS
1. Provide factory fabricated humidifier section of the same construction and finish as the AHU casing
including humidifier supports and hinged double wall access doors.
2. Furnish humidifiers pre-installed in section for final piping connections by contractor.
3. Distribution Manifold: Provide stainless steel manifold with provision to return condensate to steam
trap. Construct with steam nozzles designed to provide even steam distribution over entire length,
from 0 to 100% capacity. Provide stainless steel mounting plate for duct attachment and mounting
flange for separator attachment.
T. MANUFACTURER’S FIELD SERVICE
1. The Contractor shall arrange and pay for a factory-authorized service representative to perform the
requirements of this section.
2. Inspect the field assembly of components and installation of custom air-handling units including
piping, ductwork, and electrical connections.
3. Prepare a written report on findings and recommended corrective actions. Copy of the report shall be
left on the site for the Contractor to share with the Owner.
4. Demonstrate procedures and schedules related to start-up and shut down, troubleshooting servicing,
preventative maintenance, and how to obtain replacement parts.
5. Schedule training with at least 7 days’ advance notice.
U. FIELD TESTING
1. Provide field test to confirm that fan operates within the allowable vibration tolerances as described in
this section. Test must be performed by qualified technicians with a full written report submitted to
the engineer.
2. Provide a field pressure test at 1½ times the scheduled pressure in all air conveying sections. The
maximum allowable leak rate is 2% of the airflow. This will be measured by comparing inlet and
outlet airflows. If the leak rate is uncertain, testing will be performed by sealing the unit and pumping

12-15-03
in a measured air quantity into the unit under maximum design pressure.
3. Notify Owner and Engineer 7 days in advance of testing. Notice shall include a full schedule of tests
with test procedures described.
V. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Buffalo Forge.
2. Climate Craft.

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15730 HEAT EXCHANGERS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying heat exchangers and
B. STANDARDS
1. Heat exchangers should be in accordance with the requirements and criteria of ASME and TEMA.
2. Fabricate and label heat exchangers to comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section VIII, “Pressure Vessels,” Division 1.
1. Consultant shall schedule all parameters of the heat exchanger, including the fouling factor.
2. Consultant shall indicate on the drawings the area for the tube pull.
3. Large steam to hot water exchangers that undergo variable load should utilize a 1/3, 2/3 control
valve setup that includes a manual bypass. The 1/3 valve shall be initial operating valve with the
2/3 valve opening after the 1/3 valve is fully open.
4. Where two heat exchangers are used in a building and are redundant, use one set of control valves
and a bypass valve. In critical applications, 100 percent back-up should be provided.
5. Indicate on drawings tube pull space.
6. Provide minimum 12” vertical height from over steam traps. The discharge of the steam trap shall
then be pitched away from the trap so it can drain by gravity. Vertical lifts are not allowed on low
pressure systems with control valves. A vacuum breaker and a safety valve on shell should be
provided on steam to water systems. A relief valve on tube side should be provided before the
isolation valves.
1. Submit shop drawings and product data including the fouling factors, heating surface and
input/output data for each heat exchanger.
E. U-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS, STEAM TO WATER AND WATER TO WATER
1. Heat exchangers used to generate hot water from steam should be shell and tube type with
removable U-bend tube bundles. Steam should be circulated in the shell and water in the tubes.
Heat exchangers should be furnished with mounting legs and should rest upon substantial angle
iron supports. Small exchangers can be mounted on trapeze hangers.
2. Heat exchangers should be constructed with a steel shell, minimum Number 18 AWG, 3/4" copper
15730-1 Heat Exchangers

12-15-03
tubes and a removable cast iron or steel head. Water velocity in the tubes should not exceed 7.5
feet per second, nor be less than 2 feet per second. The shell should be provided with inlet and
outlet tappings, tappings for a pressure gauge, and tappings for a pressure relief valve.
3. Heat exchangers must be of ASME construction and stamped, with the shell rated at a test pressure
of 300 psig and a working pressure of 125 psig at 375° for steam to water and 125 psig at 300°F
for water to water. The specifications should require that a manufacturer's data sheet report for
unfired pressure vessels (Form U-1 in the ASME Code) be submitted.
4. A fouling factor of 0.0005 should be utilized in the selection of all converters.
F. PLATE AND FRAME WATER TO WATER HEAT EXCHANGERS
1. Where U-tube heat exchangers are no longer practical, water to water heat exchangers should be
plate & frame type.
2. The plate and frame heat exchanger should have heat transfer plates pressed out of Type 304
stainless steel. The number of plates should provide the total square footage of effective heat
transfer area to meet the required design conditions. All components in fluid contact on the
primary and secondary circuits should be fabricated of Type 304 stainless steel.
3. Each heat transfer plate should have herringbone corrugations to optimize heat transfer with
nominal pressure losses.
4. The complete assembly should be factory assembled, stamped and tested in accordance with the
ASME code, Section VIII, Division I for a design pressure of 250 psig at 100°F for both circuits.
The specifications should require that a manufacturer's data sheet report for unfired pressure
vessels (Form U-1 in the ASME Code) be submitted.
5. All plate and frame heat exchangers should be selected so that the frame can accommodate the
addition of 25% extra heat transfer plates.
6. A fouling factor of 0.0005 on both sides of the plate should be utilized in the selection of all plate
and frame heat exchangers.
G. STEAM TO STEAM HEAT EXCHANGER (CLEAN STEAM GENERATOR)
1. All components subject to the steam side should be carbon steel. All components in contact with
the clean steam side should be 304 stainless steel.
2. An ASME Code Section I pressure relief valve with a capacity to relieve the total BTU output of
the steam generator should be provided.
3. An electronic level controller, blow off valve and steam separator should be provided.
4. A feed water solenoid valve sized to feed the capacity of the generator with a maximum pressure
drop of 5 psi is required. The solenoid valve should be wired to the level controller. A check
valve between the solenoid valve and converter should be provided.
5. The steam generator should be specified with an automatic, timed blowdown system.
6. Steam to steam heat exchangers should be ASME constructed and stamped in accordance with

12-15-03
Section VIII, Division I. The specifications should require that a manufacturer's data sheet report
for unfired pressure vessels (Form U-1 in the ASME Code) be submitted.
7. A fouling factor of 0.0005 should be utilized in the selection of all converters.
H. U-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AND STEAM TO STEAM EXCHANGER (CLEAN STEAM

GENERATOR) INSTALLATION
1. Mount heat exchangers on steel floor stands or on trapeze hangers, located for required clearance
for tube bundle removal. Insure steam to water heat exchangers are sufficiently high enough to
provide a minimum 12” to the steam trap inlet and to provide gravity drain to the condensate return
system.
I. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. U-Tube Heat Exchangers (Steam to Water)
a. Bell & Gossett ITT; Fluid Handling Div. – Type ‘SU’

b. Taco, Inc. – ‘Steam to Liquid Heat Exchanger.’
2. U-Tube Heat Exchangers (Water to Water)
a. Bell & Gossett ITT; Fluid Handling Div. – Type ‘WU’

b. Taco, Inc. – ‘Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchanger.’
3. Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers
a. Alfa Laval
b. Tranter
c. American Vicarb
4. Steam-to-Steam Heat Exchangers (Clean Steam Generators)
a. Cemline
b. Patterson-Kelly

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15845 DUCTWORK SUPPORTS AND SLEEVES
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying ductwork supports and
sleeves. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or
B. STANDARDS
1. Supports and seals should conform to the following standards:
a. Duct hangers should comply with the following SMACNA standards:
1) SMACNA “HVAC Duct Construction Standards: Chapter 4 – Hangers &

Supports.”
2) SMACNA “Thermoplastic Duct Construction Manual: Section I-3.5 Duct
Hangers and Supports.”
3) SMACNA “Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards: Section V – Hangers
and Supports.”
b. Hanger rods should comply with ASTM A575.

c. Concrete inserts should comply with FS WWH-171.
d. Concrete expansion anchors should be equal to Hilti Type “HDI” (BS & A Calendar No.
469-74-SM).
1. Prior to beginning design, the Engineer should review building design and construction and design
suitable building attachment.
2. The Engineer should include the following in ductwork designs:
a. Duct hanger details, including components, hanger spacing.

b. Details of building attachments, including clarifying when support of ductwork from
concrete slab using expansion anchors is acceptable.
3. Suspend all ductwork properly supported from the building structure. The duct hanging system is
composed of three elements: the upper attachment to the building, the hanger itself, and the lower
attachment to the duct. Construct the attachments, hangers and supports for all ductwork in
accordance with SMACNA Manual.
Provide shop drawings. Include in “Fabrication Shop Standards Manual” shop drawings and product data for
all duct sizes and materials include type and model for all manufactured duct support components including
building attachment, hanger and duct attachment, sleeve dimensions and gauges.
15845-1 Ductwork Supports and Sleeves

12-15-03
E. HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Install ducts and casings level.
2. Support each duct independently.
3. Support ducts using metal hangers and brackets. Hangers should have sufficient strength and
durability and sufficient resistance to the corrosive effects of the atmosphere to which they will be
exposed, and to properly and safely support the ductwork. Hangers should not be used in direct
contact with a dissimilar metal that would cause galvanic action in the hanger, duct, fastenings or
structure.
4. Support vertical ducts securely at each floor level by continuous lengths of structural angles of a size
at least equivalent to that for stiffening. The angles should be fastened to the opposite sides of the
duct and should extend across the opening and bear upon the structure of slab on both sides of the
opening.
5. Provide sections of ducts containing filters, coils or fans with metal framing and hangers of adequate
strength to support such equipment.
6. Support substantially and securely fasten all ducts and all parts of the duct system to the structural
members of the building with approved devices of noncombustible material designed to carry the
required loads. The use of expansion bolts in cinder concrete is prohibited. Connections should not
impair the effectiveness of the fire protection of structural members.
7. Avoid supporting ducts from suspended ceilings, except ducts with a cross-sectional area not
exceeding 1 sq. ft. may be hung directly from or may be directly supported by the purlins (black iron)
of a suspended ceiling designed and constructed of sufficient strength.
8. Prime coat exposed steel hangers and supports.
9. Cover all open ends of installed ductwork during construction.
10. Seal the space around the duct, where ducts pass through floor and walls, with non-combustible
material to prevent the passage of flame and smoke.
11. Hangers, supports, anchors and guides for stainless steel duct are to be plastic coated where the
support is in contact with the duct.
12. Provide vibration isolation hangers and supports for all supply ducts in the Equipment Rooms and for
50 feet from the equipment connection, where the 50 foot dimension extends beyond the Equipment
Room.
a. The hangers should be the spring and neoprene type.

b. Floor supported ducts should rest on spring and neoprene mounts.

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13. Duct Hanger and Support Schedule (New York City)
DUCT CROSS-SECTIONAL MIN. STRAP MAX. HANGER

AREA, SQ. FT. SIZE, IN. SPACING FT.
2 OR LESS 1 x 1/16 8
2 TO 4 1 x 1/8 8
4 TO 10 1x1/8 6
Fasten hangers to sides of duct.

For ducts over 48 inches wide, turn hangers under duct, minimum of 2 inches. Fasten hanger to duct
bottom as well as duct sides.
14. Where ducts are stacked, they shall be independently supported as above or shall be supported on
minimum 1¼” x 1¼” x 1/8” angle cradle hung by either 1¼” x 1¼” x 1/8” angles or 3/8” diameter
threaded rod.
15. Rectangular ducts over 6 inches in width shall be hung with galvanized rods fastened to galvanized
angles running under the duct. The duct shall not be secured to the hanger.
16. Provide inserts, fishplates and other methods recommended by SMACNA, and as approved, for
supporting hanger straps and trapeze hangers. Do not use or submit power-actuated fasteners,
expansion nails or pins for supporting duct hangers.
17. Provide supplementary steel as required to support ductwork with a maximum deflection of 0.08”
with the supported load acting at the mid-span of the steel.
18. Do not suspend ductwork or any device, or allow work installed by any trade to be suspended from
ductwork (for example: lighting conduit, lighting fixtures, piping, ceiling construction, etc.).
F. INSERTS
1. Set inserts in position in advance of concrete work.
a. Provide reinforcement rod in concrete for inserts carrying ducts over 60 inches wide.
2. Finish inserts flush with slab surface where concrete slabs from finished ceiling.
3. Drill through concrete slab from below and provide rod with recessed square steel plate and nut above
slab where inserts are omitted.
G. SLEEVES AND SEALS
1. Install sleeves and seal and bare duct or insulated duct as specified herein and as shown in the details
on the Drawings.
2. Above Grade Masonry Floors and Walls
a. Duct Penetrations
1) Provide structural support at floor opening as required, or for walls, provide steel
lintel to support masonry above opening.

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2) Provide No. 14 gauge galvanized sheet metal sleeves.
3) Provide escutcheon on both sides.
4) For insulated ducts, provide calcium silicate duct insulation through floor or wall
opening.
5) For fire-rated ducts, fill voids to full depth with intumescent fire stopping material
as indicated.
3. Gypsum Board, Plaster or Wood Partitions
a. Duct Penetrations
1) Provide No. 25 gauge galvanized steel stud header and support.

2) Provide No. 20 gauge galvanized steel sheet metal sleeves.
3) Provide escutcheon on both sides.
4) For insulated ducts, provide calcium silicate duct insulation through wall opening.
5) For fire-rated ducts, fill voids to full depth with intumescent fire stopping material
as indicated.
4. Floor Sleeves
a. On dry floors, extend sleeve ½ - inch above floor.

b. In mechanical equipment rooms, toilet rooms, kitchens, laboratories, etc., extend sleeve 1
inch above floor.

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15850 DUCTWORK AND DUCT ACCESSORIES
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying ductwork and ductwork
2. Ductwork shall mean all ducts, supports, fittings, elbows, access doors, dampers, housing, casings,
plenums, hardware and other required accessories, as indicated in this section.
B. STANDARDS
1. Comply with SMACNA “HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible, Second Edition
(1995)” for fabrication and installation of metal ductwork. Comply with SMACNA “HVAC Air
Duct Leakage Test Manual” for sealing requirements of metal ductwork.
2. All ductwork shall comply with NFPA 90A, “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating
Systems,” and NFPA 90B “Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems.”
3. Construct, test and label fire dampers in accordance with UL Standard 555 and 555S, “Fire
Dampers and Ceiling Dampers.”
4. Comply with the North American Insulation Manufacturer’s Association, “Fibrous Glass Duct
Liner Standard”, First Edition.
5. Provide flexible duct assembly listed as Class 1 air duct by the Underwriters Laboratories under
UL-181 “Standard for Factory-Made Air Duct Material and Air Duct Connections” at a flame
spread of not over 25 and a smoke developed rating of not over 50 complying with NFPA
Standard 90A.
6. Flexible air ducts to have a heat loss per foot of duct as measured by Air Diffusion Council
Flexible Air Duct Test Code FD 72-R1 and be UL listed as Class I under UL-181.
1. The Consultant shall verify system pressure classifications and conform will following minimum
requirements:
a. Low static pressure classifications shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA to

minimum 2” water gauge.
b. Medium static pressure classifications (including all fume hood exhaust systems, supply
ductwork upstream of terminal boxes, AHU outside air ductwork and AHU relief air
ductwork.) shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA to a minimum 4” water
gauge
c. High static pressure shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA to a minimum 10”
water gauge.
15850-1 Ductwork and Duct Accessories

12-15-03
2. Ductwork should be laid out to allow for tight joints. Special attention should be paid to the
ductwork either routed through shafts or otherwise inaccessible after construction.
3. The design documents shall indicate the clear inside dimensions of lined or double wall ducts. It
should be noted on the drawings that actual sheetmetal size can be determined by adding the
thickness of the liner to both duct dimensions.
1. Submit ductwork Fabrication Shop Standards Manual indicating gauges, reinforcing, and similar
information for ductwork, fittings, accessories, etc., for the required sizes and static pressure
classes to fully demonstrate compliance with SMACNA “HVAC Duct Construction Standards,
Metal and Flexible, Second Edition (1995)”. The Manual shall be shop specific and submitted for
review well in advance of sheet metal installation.
2. Submit shop drawings indicating duct runs, material, extent of internal lining, fire dampers, volume
dampers, access doors, and elevation of all ducts.
3. Submit layouts and drawings of all ductwork drawn to a scale of 3/8” to the foot detailing:
a. Fabrication, assembly and installation details, including plans, elevations, sections, details
of components, and attachments to other work.
b. Duct layout for all areas of work, indicating pressure classification and sizes in plan view.
For exhaust duct systems, indicate the classification of the materials handled as defined
in this Section.
c. Fittings.
d. Reinforcing details and spacing.
e. Seam and joint construction details.
f. Penetrations through fire-rated and other partitions.
g. AC unit, equipment, terminal unit, coil installations.
h. Hangers and supports, including methods for building attachment, seismic restraint,
vibration isolation, and duct attachment.
4. Product data including details of construction relative to materials, dimensions of individual

components, profiles, and finishes for the following items:
a. Duct liner.
b. Sealing Materials.
c. Fire-Stopping Materials.
d. Dampers, turning vanes, access doors, plenums, flexible connectors, etc.
E. MATERIALS FOR VARIOUS DUCT SYSTEMS
1. Construct all ducts exhausting humid air from dishwashers, glasswashers, showers, driers, pools
and as called for on the drawings of Type 304 (316) welded stainless steel. On horizontal ducts,
provide pan construction with longitudinal seams at the side or on top. Provide drain pipes to
indirect waste at all low points of the ductwork.
2. All exhaust ductwork serving fume hood exhaust systems fans shall be constructed of ANSI Type
304 Stainless Steel, conforming to SMACNA 3” w.g. standards (as a minimum). All seams and
joints shall be continuously welded. On welded stainless steel ductwork, use extra low carbon
grade steel (316 L). All welds to be picked to remove weld oxide. Passivate stainless surface after

12-15-03
welding to remove embedded foreign material.
3. Kitchen exhaust ductwork should be constructed from No. 16 gauge black iron or stainless steel.
All longitudinal seams should be continuously welded liquid tight.
4. Ducts that are used for toilet exhaust should be of aluminum.
5. All other ductwork should be fabricated from either galvanized sheet metal or aluminum.
6. Gaskets should be used at bolted, flanged duct joints, and for all access doors. Gaskets should be
ASTM D 1056 GR SCE-45 neoprene.
7. Galvanized sheet steel should be lock-forming quality, complying with ASTM A 653/A 653M and
having G-90 coating designation. Ducts should have mill-phosphatized finish for surfaces exposed
to view.
8. Carbon-steel sheets should comply with ASTM A 366/A 366M and should be in cold-rolled
sheets. They should be of commercial quality with oiled, matte finish for exposed ducts.
9. Stainless steel should comply with ASTM A 480/A 480M. It should be Type 304, and have a No.
2D finish.
10. Aluminum sheets should comply with ASTM B 209 (ASTM B 209M). They should be alloy 3003
and temper H14, with mill finish for concealed ducts and standard, 1-side bright finish for exposed
ducts.
F. DUCT SEALANTS
1. All joints and seams for supply and return air ductwork should be sealed airtight with a New York
City approved non-hardening resilient caulking compound. Duct leakage should not exceed 5% of
the design air quantity. The specifications should state that if duct leakage exceeds this limit, the
Contractor will reseal and rebalance the systems at no cost to the University. All ductwork should
be sealed with a high pressure duct sealant. Seal Class A, as defined by SMACNA, should be
provided for duct static pressure classifications greater than 2”.
2. The term “sealant” is not limited to materials of adhesive or mastic nature but includes tapes and
combinations of open-weave fabric strips and mastics. Seal ducts seams and joints according to
SMACNA’s “HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible” for duct pressure class
indicated. Seal ducts before external insulation is applied.
G. FLEXIBLE DUCTWORK
1. Provide flexible duct as a factory glass fiber insulated assembly with vapor barrier jacket and a
minimum thermal conductance (C-factor) of 0.23 Btu per Hr per SF per °F at 75°F. Construct
flexible duct of machine wound spiral aluminum helix, or two-ply polyester core encapsulating a
galvanized steel wire helix suitable for a positive working pressure of at least 10” w.c.
2. Install in accordance with Section III of SMACNA’s, “HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal
and Flexible, Second Edition (1995)”, maximum 5’-0” extended length, with a maximum of one
(1) 90° bend. Attach flexible duct to metal duct and end terminals with drawbands on both the
inner sleeve and the outer jacket.

12-15-03
H. FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS
1. Flexible connectors should be provided at all duct connections to air handling units (intake and
discharge side), for each ductwork connection to equipment mounded on vibration isolators and/or
equipment containing rotating machinery, in order to isolate the ductwork system from vibrations
in the unit.
2. Flexible connectors should be not less than 6 inches long nor more than 10 inches long.
3. Use flame-retardant or noncombustible fabrics, coatings, and adhesives complying with UL 181,
Class 1.
4. For indoor system, flexible connector fabric use glass fabric double coated with neoprene,
minimum weight: 26 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 480 lbf/inch in the warp and 360 lbf/inch in the
filling. Service temperature: minus 40 to plus 200 deg F.
5. For outdoor system, flexible connector fabric use glass fabric double coated with weatherproof,
synthetic rubber resistant to UV rays and ozone, minimum weight 24 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength:
530 lbf/inch in the warp and 440 lbf/inch in the filling. Service temperature: minus 50 to plus 250
deg F.
6. For high-temperature system, flexible connectors use glass fabric coated with silicone rubber,
minimum weight: 14 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 450 lbf/inch in the warp and 340 lbf/inch in the
filling. Service temperature: minus 50 to plus 500 deg F.
7. For high-corrosive-environment system, flexible connectors use glass fabric with chemical
resistant coating, minimum weight: 14 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 450 lbf/inch in the warp and
340 lbf/inch in the filling. Service temperature: minus 50 to plus 500 deg F.
I. VOLUME CONTROL DAMPERS
1. Volume control dampers should be installed at each main branch take-off and in other locations
where required to properly balance the air systems.
2. Volume control dampers should be of the opposed blade, multi-louvered type. Single blade
dampers are acceptable up to a duct size of 12” x 12” or 12” in. diameter on low pressure systems
down stream of terminal boxes. Dampers shall have indicating quadrants and set screws. The
thickness of blades shall not be less than 16 gauge.
3. Volume control dampers should be factory fabricated, with required hardware and accessories.
Stiffen damper blades for stability. Include locking device to hold single-blade dampers in a fixed
position without vibration. Close duct penetrations for damper components to seal duct consistent
with pressure class.
a. For pressure classes above 2-inch w.g. or higher, there should be end bearings or other
seals for ducts with axles full length of damper blades and bearings at both ends of
operating shaft.
4. Construction shall conform to latest SMACNA standards. When installing dampers in ducts to be
insulated provide raised bracket for damper quadrant with height equal to insulation thickness.

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J. FIRE DAMPERS
1. Fire dampers are required whenever a duct penetrates any fire rated assembly. In New York City,
the requirements for fire dampers are described in Article 27-343 of Sub-chapter 5, and Article 3-3
of Reference Standard 13 of the New York City Building Code.
2. Fire dampers are not required when a duct penetrates a one hour rated wall for building occupancy
classifications of C (Mercantile), E (Business) and H-2 (Hospitals), provided complete sprinkler
protection is provided for the entire floor.
3. Fire dampers should be in accordance with NFPA-90A. Fire dampers must be UL-555 listed and
bear a BS&A number. (Board of Standards & Appeals approved type for use in New York City).
4. Comply with U.L. recommendations for break away connections at maximum distance of 6” from
wall, and all other U.L. recommendations and local code requirements. Retaining angles must be
wide enough to have sufficient bearing on wall (minimum surface contact of 1”).
5. Each fire damper wall penetration should be provided with a code approved sheet metal sleeve.
The space between the fire damper sleeve and wall sleeve should be packed with mineral wool.
6. Fire dampers should have fire ratings of either 1-1/2 or 3 hours.
7. Frame should be curtain type with blades outside airstream fabricated with roll-formed, 0.034-inch
thick galvanized steel; with mitered and interlocking corners. Units with blades in the air stream
shall be utilized only when space limitations preclude used standard damper and the Engineer
approves each specific instance.
8. Fusible links should be replaceable, and either 165 deg. F. or 212 deg. F. rated, as indicated. At
each fire damper an access door in the duct is necessary for access to the fusible link.
9. Fire dampers in stainless steel duct systems shall be type 316 stainless steel.
K. CEILING FIRE DAMPERS
1. Ceiling fire dampers should be labeled according to UL 555C and should comply with
construction details for tested floor- and roof-ceiling assemblies as indicated in UL’s “Fire
Resistance Directory.”
2. Frame should be of galvanized sheet steel, round or rectangular, style to suit ceiling construction.
3. Blades should be of galvanized sheet steel with refractory insulation.
4. Fusible links should be replaceable, and 165 deg F, 212 deg F, or 285 deg F rated, as determined
by application.
L. SMOKE DAMPERS
1. For projects in New York City, the requirements for smoke dampers are described in Article 27-
777.01 of Sub-chapter 13, and Chapter 3 of Reference Standard 13 of the New York City Building
Code.
2. In general, smoke dampers are required at the following locations:

12-15-03
a. At all duct penetrations of fire rated construction.
b. At all duct penetrations of required smoke barriers.
c. In main return and supply ducts of air handlers of greater than 15,000 cfm capacity.
3. Smoke dampers should be in accordance with NFPA-90A. Smoke dampers must be UL-555S
listed and bear a BS&A number. Combination fire and smoke dampers should be labeled
according to UL 555 for 1-1/2 hour rating. Unit and operator shall be rated for 350° F.
4. At each smoke damper an access door in the duct is necessary for access to the damper.
5. Unit shall incorporate blade end switches (open and closed), and outside the duct mounted UL
listed motor. Provide manufacturer’s standard U.L. listed open – close – reset switch and position
pilot lights in unit mounted enclosure. Enclosure to be capable of being removed for remote
mounting to ensure visibility after system installation.
6. Frame and blades should be 0.064-inch thick, galvanized sheet steel.
7. Mounting sleeve should be factory installed, 0.052-inch thick, galvanized sheet steel; length to suit
wall or floor application.
8. Provide damper motors for modulating or two-position action.
a. Permanent-Split-Capacitor or Shaded-Pole Motors: With oil-immersed and sealed gear

trains.
b. Spring-Return Motors: Equip with an integral spiral-spring mechanism where indicated.
Enclose entire spring mechanism in a removable housing designed for service or
adjustments. Size for running torque rating of 150 in. x lbf and breakaway torque rating of
150 in. x lbf.
c. Outdoor Motors and Motors in Outside-Air Intakes: Equip with O-ring gaskets designed
to make motors weather proof. Equip motors with internal heater to permit normal
operation at minus 40 deg F.
d. Nonspring-Return Motors: For dampers larger than 25 sq. ft., size motor for running
torque rating of 150 in. x lbf and breakaway torque rating of 300 in. x lbf.
e. Electrical Connection: 115 V, single phase, 60 Hz.
M. COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS
1. The requirements for combination fire/smoke dampers are described in Article 27-777.01 of Sub-
chapter 13 and Chapter 3 of Reference Standard 13 of the New York City Building Code.
2. Where there is a requirement for both a smoke damper and fire damper, it is preferred to utilize
one combination fire smoke damper rather than a fire damper and separate smoke damper.
3. Furnish at locations shown on Drawings combination fire and smoke dampers meeting the
following specifications:
a. Frame shall be a minimum of 16 gauge galvanized steel formed into a structural hat
channel shape with tabbed corners for reinforcement. The blades shall be single skin 16
gauge minimum galvanized with three longitudinal grooves for reinforcement. Bearings
shall be stainless steel sleeve turning in an extruded hole in the frame. Jamb seal shall be
stainless steel flexible metal compression type.

12-15-03
b. Each combination fire smoke damper shall be 1-½ hour fire rated under UL Standard 555
of 1992, and shall further be classified by Underwriters Laboratories as a Leakage Rated
Damper for use in smoke control systems under the latest version of UL555S, and bear a
UL label attesting to same. Damper manufacturer shall have tested, and qualified with
UL, a complete range of damper sizes covering all dampers required by this specification.
Testing and UL qualifying a single damper size is not acceptable. The leakage rating
under UL555S shall be leakage Class II (10 cfm/ft. per sq. ft. at 1” w.g., and 20 cfm/ft.
per sq. ft. at 4” w.g.).
c. As part of the UL qualification, dampers shall have demonstrated a capacity to operate (to
open and close) under HVAC system operating conditions, with pressures of at least 4”
w.g. in the closed position, and 3500 fpm air velocity in the open position.
d. In addition to the leakage ratings already specified herein, the dampers and their operators
shall be under UL555S to an elevated temperature of 250°F., 350°F., or 450°F. depending
upon the operator. Appropriate 120 VAC electric operators shall be installed by the
damper manufacturer at time of damper fabrication. Damper and operator shall be
supplied as a single entity which meets all applicable UL555 and UL555S qualifications
for both dampers and operators. Manufacturer shall provide factory assembled sleeve of
16” minimum length (Contractor to verify requirement). Sleeve shall be 16 gauge for
dampers. Damper and operator assembly shall be in factory cycled 10 times to assure
operation.
e. Each combination fire smoke damper shall be equipped with a UL Classified “Fire Stat”
equal to Model TS-150. “Fire Stat” shall permit damper modulation during normal
conditions and shall mechanically and electrically lock damper in a closed position when
a duct temperature exceeds 212°F. Damper can be opened via the Fire Alarm System for
smoke purge. The damper operation and construction shall meet requirements of
UL555S, latest edition.
4. It is the University’s intent that dampers shall cycle (open and close) only on call from fire alarm
panel and not during units normal on/off (Day/Night) schedule.
N. DUCT SILENCERS
1. Duct silencers should be factory-fabricated and tested.
2. Adhesives, sealants, packing materials, and accessory materials shall have fire ratings not
exceeding 25 for flame-spread index and 50 for smoke-developed index when tested according to
ASTM E 84.
3. Fabricate casings with a minimum of 0.034-inch thick, solid galvanized sheet metal for outer
casing and 0.022-inch thick, ASTM A 653/A 653M, G90, perforated galvanized sheet metal for
inner casing.
4. Sheet metal perforations should have 1/8-inch diameter for inner casing and baffle sheet metal.
5. Fill material should be either inert and vermin-proof fibrous material, packed under not less than 5
percent compression, or moisture-proof nonfibrous material.
6. Fabricate silencers to form rigid units that will not pulsate, vibrate, rattle, or otherwise react to
system pressure variations.
7. Source Quality Control:

12-15-03
a. Acoustic Performance: Test according to ASTM E 477.
b. Record acoustic ratings, including dynamic insertion loss and self-noise power levels with
an airflow of at least 2000-fpm face velocity.
c. Leak Test: Test units for airtightness at 200 percent of associated fan static pressure or 6-
inch w.g. static pressure, whichever is greater.
O. TURNING VANES
1. Fabricate to comply with SMACNA’s “HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible”
for vanes and vane runners. Vane runners shall automatically align vanes.
2. Turning vanes should be installed in short radius elbows and square elbows. Turning vanes in
mitered elbows should be double thickness.
3. Manufactured Turning Vanes: fabricate 1-1/2-inch wide, single- or double-vane, curved blades of
galvanized sheet steel set ¾ inch on center; support with bars perpendicular to blades set 2 inches
on center; and set into vane runner suitable for duct mounting.
4. Acoustic Turning Vanes: fabricate airfoil-shaped aluminum extrusions with perforated faces and
fibrous-glass fill.
P. DUCT TAPPINGS AND TEST CONNECTIONS
1. Provide tappings in ducts for thermometers where specified. In addition, provide an airtight
plugged tapping located as follows: upstream of each reheat coil, downstream of each reheat coil,
in each main supply and return air duct at each floor.
2. Provide test connection on the discharge duct from each air handling unit downstream at least 5’-
0” from unit if duct is accessible, or closer to unit if necessary, install a #699 Ventlock Instrument
test hold device for balancing and testing of system.
Q. LOUVERS
1. Construct louvers provided by Mechanical Contractor of 0.125” thick extruded aluminum

stationary hook blades. Louver depth is 4”. Maximum allowable span between mullions is 10
feet. Design louvers with a net 50% free area. There shall be no water penetration at 700 FPM
free area velocity. Provide for noiseless expansion and contraction of all materials and assemblies
due to temperature changes.
2. Provide safing consisting of 2” rigid insulation on an aluminum panel for all unused portions of the
louver.
3. Provide aluminum mesh bird screen in removable U-type aluminum frame attached in place with
stainless steel or cadmium plated sheetmetal screws. Make bird screen removable from the inside.
R. PLENUMS
1. Provide air plenums for large return, exhaust fans, discharge and intake air plenums for connecting
the fresh air intake and discharge openings, of “single casing” construction of No. 16 gauge
galvanized iron braced and stiffened on outside by means of 2 inches by 2 inches by ¼ inch steel
angles, or with standing seam panels not to exceed 26 inches in width.

12-15-03
2. Provide drains in air intake and discharge plenums. Bottom of plenums to be constructed as drain
pans. Apply two (2) coats of mastic sealant to all joints; pitch bottoms for effective drainage.
S. AUXILIARY DRAIN PANS
1. Under any equipment for which a pan is shown on the Drawings, and under all ceiling hung
horizontal air handling units, duct mounted hot water or chilled water coils located above hung
ceilings or electrical equipment, piping over electrical equipment, etc., furnish and install auxiliary
drain pans. Construct drain pans of 16 gauge galvanized steel with all joints brazed. Construct
pans watertight with hemmed edges. Extend the auxiliary drain pan at least 6” beyond the
equipment it is serving and be at least 2” high. Route a ¾” IPS galvanized steel or Type “L”
copper tube to the nearest equipment room floor or hub drain independent of any air handling unit
drains.
T. ACOUSTICAL LINING
1. Fabricate lined ductwork in accordance with SMACNA “Duct Construction Standards” and the
NAIMA “Fibrous Glass Duct Liner Standard.” Duct liner is allowed in return and exhaust (except
kitchen, moisture laden, and rest room) systems only. Supply systems with duct liner shall be
double walled with perforated inner wall. Secure the liner to the duct with minimum 95%
coverage of adhesive and weld type pins. Provide metal nosings for transversely oriented liner
edges facing the air stream.
2. Interrupt lining at fire dampers. Insulate exterior of duct at liner interruption if duct requires
insulation. Refer to Section 15252.
3. Duct mounted items such as dampers, turning vanes, and coils shall be installed on a continuous
circumferential hat section of height equal to liner thickness and width to accommodate them.
Provide liner section behind hat section or provide external duct insulation.
4. Provide continuous circumferential sheet metal protection nosing at all leading edges of lining.
U. ACCESS DOORS
1. Provide in all ducts, for access to smoke detectors, valves, fire dampers, flow metering devices,
instruments, automatic dampers, coils (each side), fan motors and bearings, etc., suitably sized
access doors with hinges and cam fasteners.
2. Provide access doors not smaller than 18 inches by 18 inches for ducts 36” and wider. Ducts
smaller than 36” are to be provided with access doors 12 inches by 12 inches. Ducts smaller than
12 inches, the access door shall be square 2 inches smaller than the width, but not less than 8
inches by 8 inches.
3. Where removable hung ceiling panels are installed below access doors, provide markers showing
the access door location clearly.
4. All access door in ductwork handling conditioned air shall be of the double panel type, flush
interior with 1” fiberglass board set in between 18 gauge exterior and 22 gauge interior casing.
5. Single panel access doors shall be fabricated of 18 gauge up to 12” x 12” and 16 gauge when
larger.

12-15-03
6. Access doors shall be provided with heavy angle iron frames and shall be fitted with two (2) hinges
and window type fasteners. Access doors located on the bottom of ducts shall have cam fasteners
in lieu of hinges in order to avoid interference with ceiling channel supports.
7. Install hinged walk-in type casing access doors in large plenums. Construct casing access doors
48” high x 18” wide (larger where possible) complete with heavy duty hinges, hardware, and
Ventlok #260 latch handles.
8. Install access doors to open against system air pressure.
V. ACCESS DOORS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS
1. At each control and balancing damper in ductwork, at each fire damper and volume box when
located above ceiling or inside the wall not accessible by removal of grille or from the air shafts,
furnish an access door for installation by the general contractor. Access doors shall be 18” x 18”
(minimum) unless otherwise indicated on plans; rigid construction with two hinges and a latch. In
plenum ceilings, provide felt between the door and frame to make an airtight seal.
2. Door shall be suitable for flush mounting, prime coated with rust inhibitive paint, concealed frame,
flush screwdriver operated locks with metal cams and anchors as required.
W. DUCTWORK INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
1. Ductwork passing through waterproof walls or roof construction shall have counterflashing.
2. Provide approved fire stopping material around all ducts penetrating floors, walls, roofs, etc., in
accordance with local codes, NFPA, and Consultant’s requirements.
3. Replace, without any additional cost to the contract, any ductwork or components found to be
noisy after installation, with said noise resulting from faulty materials or workmanship.
4. Open ends of ducts that are not actively being worked shall have a temporary closure of
polyethylene film or other covering that will prevent entrance of dust and debris until connections
are to be completed.
5. Thoroughly clean the interior of all ductwork after installation, and prior to use. Operate all fans
and remove all debris and foreign matter from the duct.
6. Wherever it may be necessary to make provision for vertical hangers of the ceiling construction
passing through ducts, provide steamlined shaped sleeves around such ceiling construction
hangers. Make all such streamlined sleeves airtight at top and bottom of ducts.
7. Where ducts pass through interior partitions and exterior walls, and are exposed to view, conceal
space between construction opening and duct or duct insulation with sheet metal flanges of same
gauge as duct. Overlap opening on all four sides by at least 1½”. Fasten flange to duct or
substrate, not both.
8. Make joints and seams smooth on the inside and a neat finish on the outside. Make duct joints
airtight with laps made in the direction of air flow and no flanges projecting into the air steam.
Provide ducts adequately braced to prevent vibration. Provide intermediate reinforcing and/or tie
rod construction, where necessary. Seal joints and seams according to SMACNA Standards.

12-15-03
9. Where the trade elects to use “Duct-Mate” for joints or similar product, PVC clips are not
permitted (use metal) and all corners shall be bolted (boltless connectors are not permitted) except
where local codes permit Duct-Mate joints as breakaway connection at fire dampers. Only gaskets
manufactured by Duct-Mate are acceptable.
10. Sheet metal transitions should be made with slopes not exceeding one to seven. The inside radius
of all curves and bends should not be less than the width of the duct in the plane of bend, otherwise
square elbows, with vanes, should be used.
11. Volume extractors shall be used where radius tap or split is not possible or where square elbows
inlet and outlet throat radii vary by more than 15%.
12. Coat galvanized ductwork exposed to the weather with a coat of CAD-A-MASTIC 800, Fibrated
Asphalt Emulation, as manufactured by EPOLUX; cover joints with glass fabric tape and apply a
second coat of CAD-A-MASTIC 800.
13. Provide flush seam ductwork for all ductwork where un-insulated and exposed in finished spaces
or where required to maintain clearances.
14. Ductwork connected to intake or discharge louvers shall be galvanized steel, painted for the first
10 feet with bitumastic, pitched to a low point, and provided with a 1-1/2” copper drain piped by
this trade to a building drain.
X. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. Flexible Ductwork:
a. Genaflex
b. Thermaflex
c. Flexmaster
2. Volume Dampers:
a. Single Blade:
Device Manufacturer Model

Rectangular Air Balance AC-111
Greenheck MBD-15
Ruskin MD25
Round Air Balance AC-112
Greenheck MBDR50
Ruskin MDRS25
b. Multiple Blade Dampers:
Approved products for pre-manufactured devices are as follows:
Device Manufacturer Model

Opposed Blade Air Balance AC-2
Greenheck MBD-15
Ruskin MD35OB

12-15-03
3. Volume Extractor:
Manufacturer: Model
Titus AG-45/AG-225
4. Fire Damper (Fusible Link):
Manufacturer Model
Air Balance Inc. Series D19, D19
Imperial
Prefco Products Series 5500
Ruskin Series DIBD2, DIBD23
5. Smoke Damper – Airflow Blade:
Manufacturer Model
Air Balance Inc. SA1
Greenheck SD33
Ruskin SD60
Imperial
6. Combination Fire and Smoke Damper:
Manufacturer Model
Ruskin FSD60, FSD36
7. Duct Sealant:
Acceptable Manufacturers:
a. 3M Fastbond 900
b. Foster 32-14
c. MEI 44-50
d. Hardcast Sure Grip 404, Hardcast Iron Grip 601
8. Louvers:
Acceptable Manufacturers:
a. Ruskin
b. Arrow
c. Air Balance
9. Access Doors in Wall and Ceilings:
Manufacturer Model
Cesco
J L Industries
Karp
Milcor M

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15855 AIR OUTLETS
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying air outlets and accessories. Unless
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. Design and performance of air devices should comply with applicable provisions of the Air
Diffusion Council Standards and recommendations.
2. Install diffusers, registers, and grilles according to NFPA 90A, “Standard for the Installation of
Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”
1. Check location of outlets and make necessary adjustment in position to conform with architectural
features, symmetry and lighting arrangement.
2. Size diffusers, registers and grilles for a maximum space noise criteria of 30 in classrooms and
meeting rooms, and 40 elsewhere.
3. In VAV systems consider sizing to 80 percent design flow to prevent dumping at low flow.
1. Submit product data for each model indicated, including the following:
a. Data Sheet: For each type of air outlet and inlet, and accessory furnished, indicate
construction, finish, and mounting details.
b. Performance Data: Include throw and drop, static-pressure drop, and noise ratings for
each type of air outlet and inlet. Manufacturer should certify catalog performance data
and ensure correct application of air outlet types.
c. Schedule of diffusers, registers, and grilles indicating drawing designation, room
locations, quantity, model number, size, and accessories finished.
d. Assembly Drawing: For each type of air outlet and inlet, indicate materials and methods
of assembly of components.
2. Submit coordination drawings, including reflected ceiling plans and wall elevations drawn to scale
to show locations and coordination of diffusers, registers, and grilles with other items installed in
ceilings and walls.
1. Install all items in accordance with manufacturer’s printed instructions.
2. Paint ductwork visible behind air outlets, matte black.
15855-1 Air Outlets

12-15-03
F. AIR DEVICE DESCRIPTION
1. Directional Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “A” (Constant Volume Systems)
a. Multi-pattern, square or rectangular neck and face.

b. Material should be steel or aluminum.
c. Frame type should be surface mount, snap-in, lay-in, concealed-spline, dropped face, or
beveled drop face.
d. Ceiling module size should be 12” x 12”, 24” x 24”, or 24” x 48”, if applicable.
e. Frame and/or border type should be verified. Center core pattern for 1-, 2- or 3-way blow
should be provided. Blank-off safing is not acceptable.
2. Fixed Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “B” (VAV or Constant Volume System)
a. Circular pattern, round neck, square face.

b. Material should be steel.
c. Face size should be 12” x 12” or 24” x 24”.
d. Panel size should be 24” x 24”, if applicable.
e. Frame and/or border type should be verified. Blank-off safing for 1-, 2- or 3-way blow
should be provided.
3. Perforated Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “C” (VAV or Constant Volume System)
a. Perforated face, multi-pattern, flush face.

c. Face or ceiling module size should be 12” x 12”, 16” x 16”, 20” x 24”, 12” x 24”, 24” x
24”, or 24” x 48”.
d. Frame and/or border type should be verified.
4. Perforated Directional Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “D” (Constant Volume System)
a. Perforated face, multi-pattern, flush face.

c. Face or ceiling module size should be 12” x 12” or 12” x 24”.
d. Frame and/or border type should be verified. Directional blow, model DB for 1-, 2- or 3-
way blow should be provided.
5. Ceiling Supply Air Linear Diffuser - Type “E” (VAV or Constant Volume System)
a. Linear with pattern control vanes.

b. Material should be aluminum.
c. Diffuser should have 1 to 8 slots.
d. Slots should be ½-, ¾-, or 1-inch wide.
e. Frame and/or border type should be verified.
f. Diffuser may have mitered corners.
6. Sidewall, Sill, Or Floor Supply Linear Air Diffuser - Type “F” (VAV or Constant Volume
System)
a. Linear, fixed pattern, fixed bar.

c. Bar spacing should be ¼-inch.
d. Bar width should be 1/8-inch.
e. Deflection angle should be 0° or 15°,
15855-2 Air Outlets

12-15-03
f. Diffuser may have mitered corners.
g. Frame and/or border type should be verified.
7. Fixed Supply Air Register - Type “G” (VAV or Constant Volume System)
a. Double deflection, ¾-inch spaced louvers, vertical face louvers, opposed blade damper.
c. Border type should be verified.
8. Perforated Ceiling Return Air Diffuser - Type “H”
a. Perforated, flush face.

c. Face or ceiling module size should be 12” x 12”, 16” x 16”, 20” x 20”, 12” x 24”, 24” x
24”, 24” x 48”.
d. Frame and/or border type should be verified.
9. Ceiling Return Linear Air Diffuser - Type “I”
a. Linear.
c. Bar spacing should have 1 to 8 slots.
d. Slots should be ½-, ¾- or 1-inch wide.
e. Diffuser may have mitered corners.
g. Frame and/or border type should be verified.
10. Return, Exhaust Or Transfer Fixed Air Register - Type “J”
a. Fixed 35°, ¾-inch spaced horizontal louvers, opposed blade damper.

c. Frame and/or border type should be verified.
11. Perforated Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Air Register - Type “K”
a. Perforated 3/16-inch staggered holes, opposed blade damper.

12. Laboratory Perforated Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “L”
a. Perforated face, 51% free area.

c. Tow chamber back pan, 6” tall, separated by induction plate.
d. The face, lower air chamber, directional blades and pressure induction plate is one
removable accessory.
e. Full radial air diffusion (2-way) or half radial (1-way).
13. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Fixed Air Grille - Type “M”
a. Fixed 35°, ¾-inch spaced horizontal louver.

15855-3 Air Outlets

12-15-03
14. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Perforated Air Grille - Type “N”
a. Perforated, 3/16-inch staggered holes.

15. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Eggcrate Air Grille - Type “O”
a. Eggcrate.
b. Border should be of aluminum material and grid should be of plastic.
c. Grid size should be ½” x ½” x ½”.
d. Border type should be verified.
16. Filter Return Grille - Type “P”
a. Fixed 45°, ½-inch spaced horizontal louvers.

b. Material should be aluminum or steel.
c. Filter should be 1-inch thick.
d. Border type should be verified.
17. Ducted HEPA Filter Supply Terminal - Type “Q”
a. Mounting type should be gypsum board ceiling.

b. Dimensions (LxW) should be 12” x 36”, 24” x 24”, or 24” x 48”.
c. Diameter of inlet collar should be 8”, 12”, or 14”.
d. Material should be 14-gauge terminal.
e. Damper should be of the butterfly type.
f. Diffuser thickness should be 0.063 inches.
g. Static pressure port connection should be 5/16” rivnut with slotted head screw.
h. Grille should be of perforated metal with 40% open 22-gauge stainless steel. Grille
should be mounted flush to housing and retained by stainless steel acorn nuts and washers
attached to the filter retaining studs.
i. Seal type should be leaktight utilizing silicone gel (BLU-GEL) at perimeter channel of
filter on air leaving side.
j. Filter:
1) Type: HEPA.
2) Efficiency: 99.99.
3) Standards: IES-RP-CC-001.3 as a Type C filter, MIL
STD-282, MIL-F-51079.
4) Certification: Scan tested for pinhole leaks greater than 0.01% of an upstream
challenge of cold DOP and tested by the hot DOP method on the manufacturer’s
Q-107 penetrometer.
5) Design: Separatorless, pleated.
6) Frame: Anodized aluminum.
7) Sealant: Urethane.
8) Recommended manufacturer and model for filter is Flanders Filter Co., Model
0-007-4-19-06-SU-52-00.
k. Factory insulation should be provided.
15855-4 Air Outlets

12-15-03
1. Directional Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “A”
a. Titus TDC, with AG-65S damper and equalizer grid.

b. Krueger Series SH, with S-11 damper and equalizer grid.
c. Anemostat SD, with DOB or DED damper and equalizer grid.
2. Fixed Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “B”
a. Titus TMS, with AG-65 damper and equalizer grid.

b. Krueger Series 1400, with R-11 damper and equalizer grid.
c. Anemostat E, with CU-1 damper and equalizer grid.
3. Perforated Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “C”
a. Titus PAS, with AG-65 damper and equalizer grid.

c. Anemostat PR.
4. Fixed Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “D”
a. Titus TMS, with AG-65 damper and equalizer grid.

c. Anemostat E, with CU-1 damper and equalizer grid.
5. Ceiling Supply Air Linear Diffuser - Type “E”
a. Titus ML-37, ML-38, or ML-39.

b. Krueger Series 1500-1600.
c. Anemostat AL.
6. Sidewall, Sill, Or Floor Supply Linear Air Diffuser - Type “F”
a. Titus CT-480 or CT-481.

b. Krueger Series 1500-1600.
c. Anemostat AL.
7. Fixed Supply Air Register - Type “G”
a. Titus 300RS with AG-15 damper.

b. Krueger 880V with OBD damper.
c. Anemostat S2VO.
8. Perforated Ceiling Return Air Diffuser - Type “H”
a. Titus PAR.
b. Krueger Series 1190.
c. Anemostat 3P.
15855-5 Air Outlets

12-15-03
9. Ceiling Return Linear Air Diffuser - Type “I”
a. Titus ML-37, ML-38, or ML-39.

b. Krueger Series 1900.
c. Anemostat SLAD.
10. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Fixed Air Register - Type “J”
a. Titus 300RS with AG-15 damper.

b. Krueger S80H with OBD damper.
c. Anemostat S30D.
11. Perforated Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Air Register - Type “K”
a. Titus 8F with AG-35 damper.

b. Krueger S80P with OPD damper.
12. Laboratory Perforated – Ceiling Supply and Diffuser - Type “L”
a. Titus Tritec
13. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Fixed Air Grille - Type “M”
a. Titus 350RL.
b. Krueger S80H.
c. Anemostat S3HD.
14. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Perforated Air Grille - Type “N”
a. Titus 8F.
b. Krueger S80P.
15. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Eggcrate Air Grille - Type “O”
a. Titus 50P.
b. Krueger EGC-5.
c. Anemostat GC5.
16. Filter Return Grille - Type “P”
a. Titus 4FF.
b. Krueger S80P5FF-1.
c. Anemostat 35HO.
17. Ducted HEPA Filter Supply Terminal - Type “Q”
a. Flanders Filter Company Model 22.
15855-6 Air Outlets

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15857 AIR TERMINAL UNITS
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying ductwork supports and sleeves.
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. Material and installation shall comply with latest editions of applicable codes, recommended
practices and standards, including:
a. ARI Compliance: Test and rate air devices in accordance with ARI Standards.
b. ASHRAE Compliance: Test and rate air devices in accordance with ASHRAE
Standards.
c. ADC Seal: Provide devices bearing ADC Certified Rating Seal.
d. AMCA Compliance: Test and rate air devices in accordance with AMCA Standards and
shall bear AMCA Certified Rating Seal.
e. NFPA Compliance: Install air devices in accordance with NFPA 90A “Standard for the
Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”
f. UL Compliance: The complete device must be labeled and listed by UL and must be
installed to meet their requirements.
g. All devices must be tested and approved for safety in accordance with the latest N.E.C.
1. Boxes should be located in corridors directly above the suspended ceilings, with unobstructed
access for maintenance and removal.
2. Do not oversize boxes more than 20 percent.
3. All terminal units should be permanently marked with the room number of the occupied space
served.
4. In general, minimum settings on VAV boxes should be minimum 35 percent of peak air flow.
5. The reheat coil should be sized to provide design leaving air temperature at maximum design cfm
on a design winter day. This will allow the box to be converted to constant volume at maximum
design flow should the future need arise.
6. Provide no more than 11 fins per inch on reheat coils. (8 fin/inch is preferred).
7. Air terminal units radiating higher than the project specific noise levels shall be insulated with 2”
thick 4 lbs. density board insulation, with removable access cut-outs.
8. The normally open damper assembly should be capable of operating in an early morning warm-up
procedure without being fitted with additional controls.
15857-1 Air Terminal Units

12-15-03
1. Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s technical product data for air outlets and inlets including the
following:
a. Manufacturer’s technical product data, including performance data for each size and type
of air distribution device furnished; schedule showing drawing designation, room
location, number furnished, model number, size and accessories furnished and
installation and start-up instructions.
b. Data sheet for each type of terminal unit, and accessory furnished, indicating
construction, finish and mounting details.
2. Shop Drawings: Submit manufacturer’s assembly-type shop drawings indicating dimensions,

weight loadings, required clearances, and methods of assembly of components. Provide a labeling
system for each terminal unit.
3. Wiring Diagrams: Submit ladder-type wiring diagrams for electric power and control
components, clearly indicating required field electrical connections.
4. Maintenance Data: Submit maintenance data and parts list for each type of air terminal, including
“trouble shooting” maintenance guide.
E. ALL TERMINAL UNITS (CONSTANT VOLUME AND VARIABLE AIR VOLUME)
1. (Constant Volume Terminal Box Only) The units shall be pressure independent and shall
maintain to any cfm setting within ± 5% regardless of changes in upstream static pressure. The
terminal air valve shall be normally open on loss of electrical power or control air.
(Variable Air Volume (VAV) Terminal Box Only) The units shall be pressure independent and
shall reset cfm air volume within ± 5% of required air flow, as determined by the space
thermostat, regardless of changes in system air pressure. Devices utilizing cfm limiters will not be
acceptable. The terminal air valve shall be normally open on loss of electrical power or control
air.
2. The internal resistance of the terminal shall not exceed 0.4 inch w.g. for all sizes when handling
maximum air volume shown on schedules.
3. A Diamond-Flow sensor shall be incorporated within the terminal. Differential pressure taps
(separate from the control pressure taps) shall be provided for air flow measurement with a 0-1
inch gauge. Each terminal shall have a flow chart attached.
4. The units shall be designed, installed and field adjusted, if necessary, to maintain controlled
pressure independent air flow.
5. Features to accommodate field calibration and readjustment of air volume settings shall include
gauge taps for balancing with a standard pressure gauge and adjustable flow settings at the
controller. Air units to be provided with access doors for access to interior of unit.
6. Unit casing shall be 22 gauge galvanized steel with round or flat oval inlets meeting SMACNA or
ASHRAE standards. Outlets shall be rectangular with slip and drive connections. Valve
assemblies of 16 gauge steel are to have opposed blade dampers to reduce air turbulence and fitted
with special seals for tight closure and minimized sound generation. In the fully closed position,
air leakage past the closed damper shall not exceed 3% of the nominal catalog rating at 3” inlet
static pressure, as rated by the Air Diffusion Council test procedure.

12-15-03
7. All units are lined with ¾”, 1½ lb. density fiberglass insulation. Edges are sealed against air flow
erosion. Materials are to be in accordance with NFPA 90A and 90B and UL 181 standards.
8. All insulation/sound absorbing material shall be fully covered by a protective plastic film (Tedlar)
to prevent any contact between the air stream and the insulation.
9. Coordination of Trades
a. The ATC (Automatic Temperature Controls) Contractor shall furnish and ship the DDC
controller and actuator to the terminal unit manufacturer for installation at the factory.
The ATC Contractor shall supply written instructions and drawings containing sufficient
information to enable the terminal unit manufacturer to undertake the installation
satisfactorily. (The DDC assemblies and control devices should be capable of
incorporating early morning warm-up, night set-back, alarm and other advantages offered
by this type system.)
b. The ATC Contractor shall also furnish and ship all room type thermostat (one stat per
VAV terminal box).
c. (Electric Actuators Only) The VAV terminal box manufacturer shall provide a 24 VAC
transformer, flow sensor, electric heat SCR controller, and controls enclosure. The VAV
box manufacturer shall install and connect all controls in the factory.
OR
Terminal box damper actuator shall receive 24 volt current provided by the Mechanical
Contractor. Mechanical Contractor to provide all 120 volt to 24 volt transformers as
required to power dampers and control valves.
d. Box manufacturer shall provide field calibration and check-out of all control components
and shall furnish wiring or pneumatic diagrams and provide one year’s free service on the
box and control components.
e. Where indicated provide hot water reheat coils of capacities on the terminal unit
schedule. Heating coils shall be furnished as part of the terminal unit. Two-way water
control valve shall be furnished by the Automatic Control Contractor and field installed
by the Mechanical Contractor. The automatic control valves shall be designed for
operation with the DDC controller installed on the terminal box.
10. Terminal Unit With Hot Water Heating Coils:
a. Hot water heater coils shall be integral to the unit, not an add-on.
b. The heating coils shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements
of the local authorities and shall be ETL listed as component of box.
c. The heating coils shall be fabricated from round seamless copper tubes rolled into
headers to form a permanent pressure tight joint. Coils are to be self-venting type. A
vent connection is to be provided in the supply header and a drain connection in the
return header. Coil finned tube shall be fabricated to permit expansion without
transmitting stresses to casing. Provide even distribution of water to each tube.
d. Headers: constructed of close-grained gray cast iron, heavy wall copper, having pipe
threads for supply and return connections.
e. Tubes: seamless deoxidized copper, 5/8” O.D. and 0.020” minimum wall thickness.
f. Fittings: return bends and expansion bends to be fabricated from 5/8” O.D. or 1” O.D.
seamless deoxidized copper tubing. Wall thickness, after forming, must be equal to or
greater than the tube wall thickness.
g. Fins: aluminum or copper plate type or helically wound on the tubes. The plate type fins
shall be continuous across entire coil width. Provide efficient bond between fin and tube,
making each fin perform as an integral part of the tube.

12-15-03
h. The coils are to be designed, tested and guaranteed for operation with steam or water
pressure and temperature as per system pressures for valves and fittings.
i. Coil Performance: all data pertaining to coil performance is shown on drawings. Pipe all
coils counterflow. All water coils to have not more than 6 feet/second water velocity and
not more than 11 fins per inch.
F. INSTALLATION OF AIR TERMINALS (VAV BOXES)
1. Install air terminals level and with the manufacturer’s recommended straight run of metal
ductwork at inlet and outlet, flexible connectors may be installed on the outlet side of the box.
Install so that damper operator, damper actuator, and hot water control valve actuator (where
provided) can be readily serviced.
2. Provide access doors in ductwork to both faces of reheat coils.
1. Anemostat
2. Titus
3. Environmental Technologies
4. Krueger

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15860 FANS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying HVAC fans and
accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict
2. This Section includes the following categories of fans:
a. Cabinet and ceiling fans.

b. Square in-line centrifugal.
c. Tubular centrifugal
d. Centrifugal utility fans
e. Belted utility vent sets
f. Belted utility vent sets for laboratory exhaust
g. Roof/wall exhauster
h. Axial propeller wall fan
i. Vaneaxial
B. STANDARDS
1. Construct all fans, except vaneaxial adjustable blade, to comply with the requirements of the latest
editions of the Air Moving and Conditioning Association (AMCA) Standards and Bulletins.
Certify these fans by AMCA for performance ratings and provide the AMCA Performance and
Construction Seal.
2. Fan performance shall be based on tests conducted in accordance with AMCA Standard 210 test
code for air moving devices.
3. Install fans, with their accessories, to comply with state and local Codes and with the
recommendations of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
4. Fan motors shall comply with NEMA MG 1 “Standard for Motors and Generators.” Include
NEMA listing and labeling.
C. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Submit full technical rating data based on tests in accordance with current AMCA approved
laboratory. Include manufacturer’s certified fan performance curves, and certified sound power
ratings. Correct all ratings and curves for altitude and temperature where applicable.
2. Certified fan sound power ratings in all octave bands (including 63 Hz) for fan inlet, fan discharge,
and radiated casing.
3. Motor ratings and electrical characteristics plus motor and fan accessories.
4. Submit manufacturer’s installation instructions.
5. Submit manufacturer’s maintenance and repair data and parts list.
15860-1 Fans
12-15-03
D. QUALITY ASSURANCE
1. Provide manufacturer’s certification that materials meet or exceed the minimum requirements
specified herein.
2. Fabricate and label fans to comply with UL and include NEMA listing and labeling.
3. Single-Source Responsibility: Obtain each category of fans from a single source and by a single
manufacturer. Include responsibility and accountability to answer questions and resolve problems
regarding compatibility, installation, performance, and acceptance of pumps.
4. Install fans and associated appurtenances in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s
requirements for maintaining satisfactory performance.
E. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1. The Consultant shall include such considerations as duct leakage (expect 10 percent), temperature
heat gain in supply ducts (expect at least 1°F.), resistance through dirty filters, and effect on inlet
vanes when sizing the fans. Also consider providing additional capacity. VAV systems shall be
furnished with variable speed drives, not variable inlet vanes.
2. Where available, fan wheel should have backward inclined blades or air foil type fan blades of the
non-overloading type. When laying out fans, the Consultant shall take into consideration duct
inlet and outlet conditions to minimize fan effect.
3. Adequate space and access shall be provided for all fan locations.
4. Sound criteria shall be considered in the selection process for all fans.
5. Provide a drain at the bottom of the housing for fans discharging upward from the roof.
6. Provide proper vibration isolation and seismic restraints.
7. Electrically ground fan and drive to prevent accumulation of static charge.
8. Centrifugal incline fan is preferred to axial or vaneaxial fans. Use of axial or vaneaxial requires
University approval.
F. FAN SELECTION
1. In order to insure stable operation and prevent any possibility of hunting, the fan curve shall be
continuously rising from maximum capacity up to the shut-off pressure. Shut-off pressure
minimum should be 10 percent greater than the design pressure.
2. Fans shall be selected to operate at or near their point of peak efficiency, thus allowing for
operation at capacities of approximately 15% beyond design capacity.
3. Each fan shall be driven by a constant or variable speed motor. Maximum brake horsepower at
design speed shall, under no condition, exceed the nominal motor horsepower. Each fan motor
shall be factory mounted. Motors shall be high-efficiency type in accordance with Section 15980.
4. Provide fan motors in accordance with section entitled “Electric Motors.” Size motor to drive its
respective fan when the fan is operating at a speed 5% in excess of that required to meet the
scheduled fan performance. Do not select motors within the service factor for this range.
15860-2 Fans
12-15-03
5. On fans driven by belt drive, provide standard “V-groove” type belts and sheaves suitable for the
service intended. Fan sheaves are non-adjustable type with removable machined bushings.
Provide adjustable pitch type motor sheaves with double locking feature to 10% above and below
the rated fan speed. Dynamically balance sheaves with over three grooves. For fan motors over
10 horsepower, provide at least two belts. Design multiple belt drives capable of carrying the
entire load with one belt broken. Provide preformed expanded metal or sheet metal belt guards,
with grommeted tachometer ports at the fan and motor shafts, for all exposed sheaves and belts.
G. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. Fans and shafts shall be statically and dynamically balanced at the factory and so certified and be
designed for continuous operation at the maximum rated fan speed and motor horsepower.
2. Provide bearings with service life in excess of 200,000 hours at maximum cataloged fan operating
conditions.
H. SERVICE ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS
1. Select wheels/impellers exposed to normal atmospheres constructed of mild steel, hot dip
galvanized, and finished with two layers of factory applied non-scaling paint.
2. Select fans exposed to corrosive atmospheres constructed of corrosion-resistant materials suitable

for intended use, and factory finished with epoxy or other approved corrosion-resistant coatings.
3. Select fans exposed to elevated temperatures constructed of components rated for high
temperature service. Do not use belt drive assemblies exposed to the airstream. Use direct drive
motors certified for high temperature service.
4. Select fans used to convey flammable vapors constructed of non-sparking (non-ferrous) materials,
and use explosion-proof motors.
5. Select fans used to exhaust grease-laden vapors with motor drive and bearings completely external
of air stream.
I. GENERAL FAN INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Motors and fan wheel pulleys shall be adjustable pitch for use with motors through 15 HP; fixed
pitch for use with motors larger than 15 HP. Select pulley so that pitch adjustment is at the middle
of the adjustment range at fan design conditions.
2. Provide steel belt guards for motors mounted on the outside of the fan cabinet.
3. Fans requiring grease shall be installed such that the grease fittings are easily accessible. Install
copper extension lubrication lines if required.
4. Provide sufficient clearances around fans for access and servicing of components. Install fans
such that access doors, motors, belts, lubrication lines, electrical connections, etc. are readily
accessible and not obstructed by other installations or structures.
5. Bump start fans to check that fan wheel/impeller rotation corresponds to the desired direction of
air flow. Correct fans found to be rotating in a direction opposite to that desired.
15860-3 Fans
12-15-03
6. Provide flexible connections as described in Specification Section 15850 entitled “Ductwork and
Ductwork Accessories” to provide sufficient separation of ductwork from fan assembly to prevent
metal-to-metal contact.
7. Install fans and motors with proper support and vibration isolation as specified in section entitled
“Vibration Isolation.”
8. Install fans level and plumb in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions.
J. FAN TYPES
1. Cabinet and Ceiling Fans
a. Centrifugal forward curved direct-drive or belt-drive fan with integral backdraft damper.
Discharge arrangement shall be convertible from angled to in-line. Motors shall be
mounted on vibration isolators and shall be removable without disturbing attached
ductwork. Housing and wheel shall be galvanized steel.
2. Square In-Line Centrifugal
a. Fan housing shall be galvanized steel or factory finished cold rolled steel. Fan wheels
shall be centrifugal backward inclined aluminum, belt- or direct-drive fan. Fan housing
shall be square with removable or hinged panels for access. Bearings shall be
permanently lubricated, pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours.
Provide factory mounted disconnect switch accessible from the exterior of the fan.
3. Tubular Centrifugal
a. The housing and bearing support shall be constructed of structural steel members. The
wheel shall be of the airfoil centrifugal type with welded straightening vanes. Bearings
shall be heavy duty, grease lubricated, roller pillow block type. Extended lubrication
lines shall be provided with external grease fittings. Bearings shall be selected for a
minimum average of 200,000 hours life at maximum operating speed for each pressure
class.
4. Centrifugal Utility Fans
a. Steel centrifugal fan set with rotatable housing. Housing shall be galvanized steel or
factory finished cold rolled steel and include an integral drain and removable or hinged
access panel. Fan wheel shall be backward inclined (BI) or airfoil (AF) [forward curve
(FC) allowed only on small sizes where BI and AF not available], single width single
inlet (SWSI), or double width double inlet (DWDI). Bearings shall be grease lubricated,
self-aligning pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours.
5. Belted Utility Vents Sets
a. Fans shall be of the centrifugal type with non-overloading, backward-inclined blades.

They shall have self-aligning ball bearings (L50) life of 200,000 hours with serviceable
grease boxes. Fans and motors shall be provided with variable pitch. V-belt pulleys, V-
belts, motor angle iron base rails, vibration isolators and welded sheet steel protective
hood over the belt and motor assembly.
15860-4 Fans
12-15-03
6. Belted Utility Vent Sets For Laboratory Exhaust
a. Fume hood exhaust fans shall be belted vent sets. Substitutes will not be accepted. Fans
shall be of the centrifugal type with non-overloading, backward-inclined blades. They
shall have self-aligning ball bearings with serviceable grease boxes. Fans and motors
shall be provided with variable pitch, V-belt pulleys, V-belts, motor angle iron base rails,
vibration isolators and welded sheet steel protective hood over the belt and motor
assembly. Motor to be explosion-proof, bearing (L50) life of 200,000 hours.
b. Minimum ¾” shaft.
c. The fan scroll housing and fan wheel shall be coated with Heresite V504 coating of not
less than 5 mils, achieved in a two-coat application.
d. Each fan shall have an electric motor with fan and motor mounted on common base; V-
belt drive shall be capable of handling 150% of motor rating, and shall have provision for
belt-tension adjustment and shall have at least two V-belts. Sheaves shall be cast iron
variable pitch type permitting 10% increase and 10% decrease in design RPM as desired.
V-belt drive and pulleys shall have a sheet metal belt guard with 1½ inch diameter holes
opposite each motor and fan wheel axle for insertion of a tachometer.
e. Provide scroll access doors, belted shaft guards, spark-resistant construction (AMCA
Type C) and aluminum and neoprene shaft seal.
7. Roof/Wall Exhauster
a. Belt- or direct-driven fans for roof or wall mounting with integral domed housing. Motor
assembly shall be mounted on vibration isolators. Housing shall be seamless spun
aluminum; fan scroll shall be backward inclined aluminum. Bearings shall be pillow
block type with minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours. Provide a disconnect switch with
a NEMA 1 enclosure within motor compartment.
b. Where grease exhaust service is scheduled on the Drawings, provide NEMA 3R external
disconnect, grease collection, and other accessories as required to meet UL 762 listing
and the requirements of NFPA 96.
8. Axial Propeller Wall Fan
a. Belt-driven or direct-drive propeller fans as indicated consisting of fan blades, hub,

housing, orifice ring, motor, drive, and accessories. Fan housing shall be galvanized steel
or factory-applied primer with enamel paint on cold rolled steel. Fan wheels shall be
steel or aluminum blade riveted to a steel spider and reinforced. Bearings shall be ball-
bearing pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 100,000 hours. Provide OSHA-
approved belt guards.
9. Vaneaxial
a. (Centrifugal in-line fans are preferred to axial and vaneaxial fans. Use of axial or
vaneaxial requires University approval.) Belt-driven vaneaxial fans as indicated
consisting of fan blades, hub, housing, orifice ring, motor, drive, and accessories. Fan
housing shall be galvanized steel or cold rolled steel. Rotor blades and hub shall be
aluminum blade attached to the hub with steel studs and self-locking nuts. Bearings shall
be ball-bearing pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours. Rotor blade
pitch shall be manually adjustable.
K. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
Acceptable manufacturers are subject to compliance with requirements set forth in this Section. Provide
products by one of the following:
15860-5 Fans
12-15-03
1. Cabinet and Ceiling Fans
a. Cook Gemini Series

b. Greenheck Model SP, CSP and BCF
c. Penn Zephyr Series
2. Square In-Line Centrifugal
a. Cook SQI or SQN Series

b. Greenheck Model SQ or BSQ
c. Penn Centrex Inliner SX
3. Tubular Centrifugal
a. Greenheck TCB Series

b. Peerless
4. Centrifugal Utility Fan
5. Belted Utility Vent Sets
a. Loren Cook
6. Belted Utility Vent Sets for Laboratory Exhaust
a. Loren Cook
b. Buffalo Forge
7. Roof/Wall Exhauster
a. Cook AC Series
b. Greenheck Models G, GB and C Series
c. Penn Domex, Fumex
8. Axial Propeller Wall Fan
a. Cook S Series Wall Ventilators

b. Greenheck SB and S Series
c. Penn Breezeway Series
9. Vaneaxial
a. Greenheck VA Series
b. Cook Series VAD and VAB
15860-6 Fans
12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15875 FAN COIL UNITS
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying fan coil units and accessories.
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
1. All models and sizes specified for this project shall be in accordance with ARI Industry Standard
for Room Fan Coil Air Conditioners, 441-66.
2. Units shall be acoustically tested and rated in accordance with ARI Standard 443-70.
3. Cabinet enclosures shall be included. Cabinet finish for fan coil units shall comply with the Corp.
of Engineers 500 hours salt spray test specification, CE301.35 and CE301.37.
4. Fan coil units should be UL listed and in accordance with the National Electric Code.
1. All fan coil units shall be sized to meet design load while operating at medium speed. In noise
sensitive areas, low speed will be the design speed.
2. Temperature control shall be accomplished through modulation of control valve at constant fan
speed.
3. Finished backs to be provided where unit backs are visible from within the building and from the
exterior of the building.
4. Four pipe systems are standard for new building construction and are encouraged in renovations
where practical.
5. Fan coil units with custom enclosures should be avoided. However, where required, architecture
enclosures shall be designed and fabricated to facilitate quick filter replacement without the need
for tools and simple enclosure disassembly procedure, without the need for tools, that offer
sufficient space to service and/or replace all unit components. Design for access of unit mounted
controls.
6. Fan coil units with custom enclosures shall be provided with discharge collars connected to
enclosure discharge air device. Fan coil capacity reduction caused by additional fan static
pressure should be accounted for in design.
7. The Designer should clearly specify on the construction documents that the units must be installed
to allow free maintenance of all serviceable components within the unit through the designated
service panels without the need to remove or relocate ducts, piping or other adjacent systems such
as light fixtures.
8. All fan coil units that are to be connected to the central campus chilled water system should be
selected for a water temperature rise of 16°F, and shall be a minimum of 3 rows.
15875-1 Fan Coil Units

12-15-03
9. The Consultant is responsible for verifying that the valves specified are capable of withstanding
the maximum differential pressures expected to be experienced in actual use when shut off without
allowing any “blow-by”, when in doubt, specify the higher differential valve. Verify pressures
with plant engineering department.
10. Where space permits, extra wide piping pockets shall be provided.
11. Where horizontal piping distribution system is utilized, consider additional height kick space to
facilitate pitch of condensate drainage.
12. Provide a mock-up of each typical fan coil unit installation. Provide all piping, controls, air
outlets, fan switch, etc. with each typical fan coil unit installed as directed by the Owner for
coordination with other trades and for examination prior to proceeding with each basic unit
installation.
13. Minimum pipe size to an individual fan coil unit shall be ¾” for supply, return and condensate
drainage.
14. The preferred location of ceiling mounted fan coil units is above corridors to allow service without
disrupting the occupied space.
15. Service clearances shall be identified on plans.
D. SUBMITTAL
Submittals shall be project specific, clearly indicating the size, model, capacity, sound data and electrical
data for the units proposed.
E. FAN COIL UNIT – GENERAL
1. Furnish and install factory-packaged fan coil units, complete with fan, motor, coils, drain pan,
piping, transformers, controls and housing. Units shall be vertical or horizontal as shown.
2. Unit shall be of draw-thru configuration with access to controls, service valves, motor, drain pan,
drain line, and coils, through return air opening. Blow-thru configurations are acceptable on high-
rise style units.
3. Fan coil units should have primary (for coil) and auxiliary (for piping package) insulated
galvanized (or other non-corrosive material) drain pans.
4. Fans should be centrifugal, forward curved, double width type. Fan and motor assembly should
be direct drive. Motor and fan supports should be steel with galvanized steel fan scroll and
aluminum wheel.
5. Motors should have integral thermal overload protection and shall operate satisfactorily at 90
percent of rated voltage on all speed settings, and at 10 percent overvoltage without undue
magnetic noise. Motors should be high efficiency, three-speed tap wound, permanent split
capacitor type, with efficiencies consistent with Con Edison’s rebate program.
6. Cabinets should be galvanized steel, with 18 gauge end panels and 16 gauge front panels with
thermal and acoustical insulation over entire coil section. Side panels should be removable for
access to internal components. Cabinet panels should be painted with a baked-on enamel finish.
Color shall be as selected by the Owner.

12-15-03
7. For concealed installation, cabinet shall be constructed of 16 gauge galvanized steel with frames
and panels fully insulated. Under-window units shall have 16 gauge steel.
8. On vertical units the top panel of the unit should be galvanized steel with integral discharge grille.
Unit levelers should be furnished with each unit.
9. Ceiling recessed units shall be equipped with flanged duct connectors for both the supply and
return sides. The pre-finished bottom panel shall be designed to provide access to the entire unit
and be exposed in the occupied space. The fan selector switch shall be wall mounted.
10. Ceiling exposed units shall be pre-finished on all six sides. Pipe appurtenances shall be located on
the interior of the unit. The bottom panel shall swing down to allow access to the filter and
motors. The fan selector switch shall be wall mounted.
11. Filters should be throwaway type.
12. The speed switch and thermostat should be completely factory wired.
13. All fan coils should have a factory-installed toggle disconnect switch.
F. FAN COIL UNIT COILS AND PIPING PACKAGES
1. Unit coil shall be constructed of 5/8 inch O.D. seamless copper tubes mechanically bonded to
configurated plate type aluminum fins.
2. Fan coil units should be furnished with an electric motorized two-way valve for each coil
(normally closed valve for chilled water, normally open valve for hot water and dual temperature
water systems). Valves shall be factory installed and wired.
3. The fan coil unit shall include a factory installed piping package for the coil consisting of a
manual air vent, motorized two-position electric control valve, flow control valve with readout
ports (for handheld flow indication device), globe stop valves on supply and return unions
(between stop valves and coil), and all interconnecting piping. The entire coil and piping package
shall be factory tested and rated for 300 psig design working pressure.
4. Combination balancing and shut-off valve are acceptable but must meet requirements as set forth
above. Valves to have memory stop feature to allow valve to be closed for service and then re-
opened to setpoint without disturbing balance position.
5. Fan coil unit with supplemental electric heat shall be provided with control to prevent electric coil
operation when hot water is in the system.
G. FAN COIL UNIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL
1. The manufacturer should furnish either a unit mounted or electric two-stage thermostat capable of
opening the electric chilled water or hot water valve in order to satisfy the thermostat setpoint.
The thermostat should have a 2°F. dead band between the heating and cooling position. A rotary
type fan motor controller shall permit manual selection of the fan speed at “OFF-HIGH-
MEDIUM-LOW”. The fan should run continuously unless the switch is in the “Off” position.

12-15-03
1. Vertical and Ceiling Hung Internal Environmental
a. Trane
b. Custom Air
c. York
d. International Environmental
2. High Rise Style
a. Williams
b. Air Therm

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15880 HEATING TERMINAL UNITS
A. GENERAL
In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying heating terminal units. Unless
judgment.
B. STANDARDS
Comply with the latest applicable ARI, UL, ASHRAE, and I=B=R standards.
Follow established industry practice and engineering guidelines.
Submit manufacturer’s product data that is project specific clearly indicating the size, model, capacity and
sound data and electric data for motor-driven equipment.
E. FINNED TUBE RADIATION
1. Commercial radiation shall be a minimum 18 gauge cold-rolled steel full backplate, minimum 16
gauge front. Brace and reinforce front minimum of 4’-0” o.c. without visible fasteners. Elements
shall be copper tube and aluminum fins, with tube mechanically expanded into fin. Exposed parts
shall be factory finished baked enamel, color to be selected from manufacturer’s offering of
standard colors. Include all accessories as required to install a complete system including end
caps, access panels, inside corners, outside corners, etc.
2. Install end caps where units butt against walls. Install access panels centered in front of each
shutoff valve, steam trap and temperature control valve.
F. CONVECTORS
1. Minimum 16 gauge painted steel front and top panels, 18 gauge painted side panels, and 20 gauge
galvanized back panels. Secure fronts in place with quick opening slide bolts or camlock
fasteners. Elements shall consist of aluminum fins on copper tubes, and cast iron headers suitable
for use in steam or hot water systems. Convectors shall be pre-finished, color to be selected from
manufacturer’s offering of standard colors.
G. UNIT HEATERS
1. Horizontal unit heaters shall be constructed of steel, phosphatized inside and out, and finished
with baked enamel. Provide motor-mounted panel, minimum of 18 gauge steel. Fabricate casing
to enclose coil, louvers, and fan blades. Fans shall be constructed of aluminum, and factory
balanced.
2. Vertical unit heaters shall be constructed of steel, phosphatized inside and out, and finished baked
enamel. Design casing to enclose fan, motor, and coil, design fan orifice formed into discharge
15880-1 Heating Terminal Units

12-15-03
panel. Fans shall be constructed of aluminum and factory balanced. Motor and fan assembly is
removable through fan outlet panel.
3. Coils shall be constructed of plate type aluminum fins, mechanically bonded to copper tubes.
Design coil for use in steam or hot water applications. Provide totally enclosed motors with built-
in overload protection.
4. Hang units from building substrate, not from piping. Mount as high as possible to maintain
greatest headroom possible.
H. CABINET HEATERS
1. Minimum 16 gauge painted steel front and top panels, 18 gauge painted side panels, and 20 gauge
galvanized back panels. Secure fronts in place with quick opening slide bolts or camlock
fasteners. Elements shall consist of aluminum fins on copper tubes, and cast iron headers suitable
for use in steam or hot water systems. Provide 1” thick throwaway type filters. Cabinet heaters
shall be pre-finished, color to be selected from manufacturer’s offering of standard colors.
2. Provide centrifugal, forward curved double width fans. Construct fan scrolls of galvanized steel.
Motors shall be shaded pole motors with integral thermal overload protection.
I. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products manufactured by one of the following:
1. Fin Tube Radiation
a. Dunham-Bush, Inc.
b. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp.
c. Vulcan Radiator Co.
2. Convectors
a. Airtherm Mfg. Co.

b. Dunham-Bush, Inc.
c. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp.
3. Unit Heaters

c. Modine Mfg. Co.
d. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp.
4. Cabinet Heaters

c. McQuay Inc.
d. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp.
15880-2 Heating Terminal Units

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15886 FILTERS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying filters. Unless specifically
indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.
2. This Section includes the following categories of filters:
a. Bag filters
b. Cartridge-type rigid filters with extended service life
c. HEPA filters
B. STANDARDS
1. Electronic Air Cleaners and Electrical Devices and Accessories should be listed and labeled as
defined in NFPA 70, Article 100 by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
2. Filters should comply with NFPA 90A and NFPA 90B.
3. Filters should be rated in compliance with ASHRAE 52.1 for method of testing and rating air filter
units.
4. All electronic and electrical devices should comply with NFPA 70 for installing electrical
components.
5. All filters should be listed as Class 1 for Underwriter’s Laboratories Standard 900.
1. All air supplied by a forced air type unit or system should be filtered. Filters should be provided
upstream of all coils. The types of filters should be consistent with the type of system served by
the system.
2. Adequate clearances should be provided for cleaning or changing filters.
3. The specifications should require the Contractor to provide a new set of filter media prior to
turnover of the equipment to the University.
4. Each bank of filters should be provided with a air filter gauge for measuring the resistance to air
flow through the filter. The gauge should have a scale of 0 to 2 in. w.g, calibrated in 0.02 in w.g.
increments.
5. All filters must be identified by a Columbia University Filter ID Number. The manufacturer, model
number, U.L. Class and size should be marked on the filter frame.
6. Install filter frames according to manufacturer’s written instructions.
7. When bag, cartridge or HEPA filters are used, 2” thick disposable pre-filters should be provided.
15886-1 Filters
12-15-03
8. In general, air handling units should have either bag or cartridge type filters.
9. Roll-type filters and electrostatic filters should not be used unless specifically approved by the
University.
D. FILTER EFFICIENCY
1. Filter efficiency shall be protect specific. However, the University is striving to maintain a high
indoor air quality and as a general requirement 80-85% efficient should be considered minimum.
Review parameters with University Engineering Staff.
E. BOX TYPE FILTER CLASS 1 (80-85% EFFICIENCY)
1. The filter element should be factory connected by pleating a continuous sheet of water resistant
fine fibered glass media into closely spaced pleats with double thickness safe edge aluminum
separators.
2. The frame should be constructed of galvanized steel not more than 12” deep.
3. Filters should be approved and listed as U.L. Class 1.
4. Filters should have a minimum average efficiency of 80-85% per ASHRAE Standard 52-76 test
method.
5. Filters must have a gross media area of not less than
105 ft2 for 24 x 24 x 12 size

50 ft2 for 24 x 24 x 6 size
47 ft2 for 12 x 24 x 12 size
22 ft2 for 12 x 24 x 6 size
6. Initial pressure drop should not exceed 0.50” w.g. when operating at rated cfm and a face velocity
of 500 fpm, and should be capable of reaching 1.2” w.g. without unloading or collapsing.
F. BAG TYPE FILTER CLASS 1 OR 2 (80-85% AND 90-95% EFFICIENCY)
1. Filters should be approved and listed as U.L. Class 1 or Class 2, and should have headers of
galvanized steel construction.
2. All seams should be sealed on both sides of stitches with a thermoplastic sealer. Staples are
unacceptable.
3. Filters should have a minimum average efficiency of 80-85% or 90-95% per ASHRAE Standard
52-76 test method.
4. Filters must have the minimum capacities as follows:

24 x 24 x 30, 6 pockets - 2000 cfm @ 500 fpm
15886-2 Filters
12-15-03
5. Individual pockets should be divided into channels by the use of Aspan™ stitching for proper
inflation of pockets at rated load.
6. The fiberglass media should be manufactured by Owens Corning or The Manville Co.
7. Filters should be run to a final resistance of 1” w.g.. All filters should be capable of reaching 1.5”
w.g. without unloading or collapsing.
G. PLEATED PANEL TYPE FILTER CLASS 2 (30% EFFICIENCY)
1. Filters should be approved and listed as Class 2. Filter frame should be constructed of high wet
strength, moisture-resistant beverage board. The pleated media should be bonded to the inside of
the frame on all four edges.
2. The filter media should form a contoured pleats shape with a metal pleat support behind the media.
The support retainers should be bonded to the pleats on both the entering and leaving air sides.
3. The filter media should be a blend of non-woven cotton and synthetic fibers.
4. Filters should have a minimum average efficiency of 25-30% per ASHRAE Standard 52-76 test
method.
1. Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products manufactured by one of the following:
a. AAF International
b. Farr Company
c. Flanders Filters, Inc.
d. Koch Filter Corporation
15886-3 Filters
12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15900 BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (BAS)
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying the installation of building
automation systems (BAS). Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not
intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.
2. This Section includes the following BAS components:
a. Sensors, transmitters.
b. Automatic control valves.
c. Automatic dampers.
d. Pneumatic instruments.
B. STANDARDS
1. Codes: All work shall conform with the following codes and standards, where applicable; when a
conflict occurs, follow the most stringent requirements.
a. National Electrical Code (NEC)

b. Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL)
c. Factory Mutual (FM)
d. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
e. National Electric Manufacturers’ Association (NEMA)
f. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
g. Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
h. Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
i. Electrical Code of the City of New York
j. Building Code of the City of New York
k. Conform to standards of good practice
2. Components to conform to industry-wide standards for identification of values of capacitance and

resistance. Solid-state components to be identified with standard American National Standards
Institute (ANSI). Detail special components in submittals; attentively source and cross-reference
them to nearest applicable standard components.
3. System listed, labeled, or approved by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. and/or Factory Mutual
System. System shall comply with applicable provisions of following NFPA standards for local
building codes, and meet requirements of local authorities having jurisdiction:
a. NFPA 72A Local Protective Signaling System

b. NFPA 72D Proprietary Protective Signaling System
c. NFPA 72E Standard for Automatic Fire Detectors
d. NFPA 90A Air Conditioning and Ventilating System
4. In accordance with Article 760 of National Electrical Code (NFPA 70).
15900-1 Building Automation Systems

12-15-03
C. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
1. The University has standardized on Andover Controls and Siemens Building Technologies as the
acceptable manufacturers for building automation systems in campus buildings. Other systems
should not be considered. The Andover Controls Continuum Series or Siemens Synco Series
controller systems should be specified.
D. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1. The design of the BAS should network operator workstations and stand-alone direct digital control
(DDC) panels on a peer-to-peer communications network.
2. Operator workstations and DDC panels should directly reside on a local area network (LAN) such
that communications may be executed directly between controllers, directly between workstations,
and between controllers and workstations on a peer-to-peer basis at a minimum speed of 10
megabaud.
3. All operator devices, either network resident or connected via dial-up modems, should have the
ability to access all point status and application report data, or execute control functions for any
and all other devices, via the local area network.
4. General network design should provide for the following:
a. High speed data transfer rates for alarm reporting, quick report generation from multiple
controllers, and upload/download efficiency between network devices.
b. Support of any combination of controllers and operator workstations directly connected to
the local area network.
c. Detection and accommodation of single or multiple failures of either workstations, DDC
panels or the network media. The network should include provisions for automatically
reconfiguring itself to allow all operational equipment to perform their designated
functions as effectively as possible in the event of a single or multiple failures.
d. Message and alarm buffering to prevent information from being lost.
e. Error detection, correction, and retransmission to guarantee data integrity.
f. Default device definition to prevent loss of alarms or data.
g. Automatic synchronization of the real-time clocks in all DDC panels.
5. Auto-dial/auto-answer communications should be provided to allow stand-alone DDC panels to

communicate with remote operator devices on an intermittent basis via telephone lines.
6. Control software should include:
a. Pretest control algorithms, including:
1) Two-position control
2). Proportional control
3) Proportional plus integral control
4) Proportional, integral, plus derivative control
5) Control loop tuning.
b. Equipment cycling.
c. Heavy equipment delays.
d. Powerfail motor restart.

12-15-03
7. Energy management application software should include the following routines:
a. Time of day scheduling.

b. Calendar based scheduling.
c. Holiday scheduling.
d. Temporary schedule overrides.
e. Optimal start.
f. Optimal stop.
g. Night setback.
h. Enthalpy switchover (economizer operation)
i. Peak demand limiting.
j. Temperature compensated load rolling.
k. Fan speed/CFM control
l. Heating/cooling interlock
m. Cold deck reset
n. Hot deck reset
o. Hot water reset
p. Chilled water reset
q. Chiller sequencing
8. DDC panels should be able to execute custom, job specific processes, defined by the operator to
automatically perform calculations and special control routines.
9. Alarm management should be provided to monitor, buffer and direct alarm reports to operator
devices and memory files.
10. Totalization capability should be provided for runtime, analog/pulse and event totalization.
11. Operator interface software should provide the following features:
a. English language prompting

b. Graphical and text-based display of all system point and application data.
c. Multiple, concurrent displays
d. Live BAS data exchange
e. Password protection
f. Operator commands
g. Logs and summaries
h. Third party interface capability for database and spreadsheet applications.
i. Remote paging.
j. Multi-color printing
k. Color graphic display
l. System configuration and definition
E. BACNET COMPATIBILITY
1. Building automation systems specified for installation should be ASHRAE BACnet compatible to
allow interoperability between different manufacturers of systems. System level controllers should be
specified to be BACnet compatible or fully BACnet compliant utilizing BACnet protocol software.
Workstations should be specified with operator-interface software containing BACnet driver software
to allow communication with other BACnet compatible systems.

12-15-03
F. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Submit shop drawings and product data, including the following for each proposed BAS:
a. System architecture diagrams.

b. Descriptive literature for workstation computers and all DDC controllers and input/output
cards.
c. Point list.
d. Descriptive literature on all field instrument components, including thermostats,
thermistors, pressure sensors, humidistats, freezestats, enthalpy sensors, etc.
e. Panel wiring diagrams.
f. Network wiring diagrams.
g. System operating software.
h. System applications software.
i. Graphical display screens.
j. Security access levels.
k. Form of guarantee and warranty.
2. Upon completion of the project, require the Contractor to submit “as-built” drawings, both on
electronic media (i.e., CD-ROM) as well as mylar drawing reproducibles.
3. Upon completion of the project, require the Contractor to submit operating and maintenance
manuals for all equipments, components and software provided.
4. Upon completion of the project, require the Contractor to submit duplicate copies (2) of a CD-
ROM of system operating and applications software with setpoint and alarm values for all points
installed.
G. QUALITY ASSURANCE
1. Provide manufacturers certification that all materials meet or exceed the minimum requirements
specified herein.
2. Require all BAS work to comply with the following:
a. New York City Building Code.

b. New York State Energy Conservation Construction Code.
c. National Electric Code.
d. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes.
H. FIELD INSTRUMENTATION
1. General
a. Provide field I/O devices as indicated on Contract Drawings and Specifications.

b. Where performance specifications exceed capabilities of hardware specified, performance
governs.
c. Distance from analog input sensors to direct digital control panels should not exceed 200 ft.
All analog input signals should be converted to 4-20 mA current output at sensing point.
d. Minimum Contact Rating: 5 amp, 24 volts resistive.
e. Switching differential should be adjustable as required to provide proper system control.
f. Transmitter power supplies in direct digital control panel.

12-15-03
g. Devices UL listed for electrical safety where applicable.
h. All components of sensors exposed to process should be rated to withstand 150 percent of
maximum process temperature and pressure.
2. Sensors, Transmitters
a. General: Contractors are encouraged to submit alternate cost-saving equipment to be

reviewed by Columbia University.
1) Accuracy, from sensed parameter to digital readout at direct digital control panel
should include inaccuracies introduced by sensor, transmitter, wiring, I/O module
and analog-to-digital convertor.
a) Temperature and Pressure: plus or minus 1½ percent of span (or as

noted).
b) Humidity: plus or minus 2 percent of span (or as noted).
2) Maximum transmitter spans (normal operating point at mid-scale):
a) Room Temperature: 50°F.

b) Chilled Water: 50°F.
c) Condenser Water: 100°F.
d) Duct Air Temperature:
(1) Heating: 100°F. or as required by maximum duct temperature.

(2) Cooling: 50°F.
e) Dewpoint Temperature: 100°F.

f) Room Air and Return Air Humidity: 60 percent RH
g) Outside Air Temperature: 150°F. (-30°F. to 120°F.)
3) Transmitters should have built-in circuit protection against reverse polarity and
supply voltage transients.
b. Temperature Transfer Assembly: Liquid Insertion
1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD and a solid-
state, 2- wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for pipe
mounting.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the temperature element and the direct
digital control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of
plus or minus 1°F. over the entire operating span, as noted.
3) Include a stainless steel thermowell with a variable extension for pipe insulation
and threaded connection to pipe, maximum length should be 6 in. or ¾ of pipe
diameter, whichever is smaller.
c. Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Air Stream, Averaging
1) The assembly should consist of an averaging type 100 or a 1000 OHM RTD
housed in a flexible sheath and a solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained
in a housing suitable for duct mounting.

12-15-03
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the temperature element and DDCP.
The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or minus 1.0°F.
over the entire operating span. Span should be as specified.
3) Probe Length: 1 ft. per 4 square feet of duct area.
d. Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Air Stream, Non-Averaging
1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD mounted on a
rigid probe and a solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing
suitable for duct mounting.
2) The transmitter should be matched to the temperature element and compatible with
the DDCP. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or
minus 1.0°F. over the entire operating span. The span should be as specified.
3) Probe Length: 18 in. or ½ duct diameter, whichever is smaller.
e. Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Space
1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD and a solid-
state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a decorative ventilated enclosure,
similar in appearance to room thermostats.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the temperature element and the direct
plus or minus 1°F. over the entire operating span.
f. Humidity and Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Outside air
1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD and a chilled
mirror dewpoint assembly, two solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitters mounted
in a housing suitable for outdoor installation. The sensing elements should be
installed in a ventilated weatherproof enclosure.
2) The transmitters should be matched to their respective sensing elements and
compatible with the DDCP. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an
accuracy plus or minus 1°F. dewpoint over a range of 10 percent – 95 percent RH
and an accuracy of plus or minus 1°F. dry bulb over the entire operating span.
g. Humidity Transmitter Assembly: Space
1) Assembly should consist of a capacitive type humidity sensing element and a solid-
state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a decorative ventilated enclosure
similar in appearance to room thermostats.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the sensing element and the direct
plus or minus 3 percent RH over a range of 10 percent – 95 percent RH.
h. Humidity Transmitter Assembly: Air Stream
1) The assembly should consist of a capacitive type humidity sensing element and a
solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for duct
mounting.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the sensing element and the direct

12-15-03
plus or minus 3 percent RH over a range of 10 percent – 95 percent RH or plus or
minus 2°F. over a range of minus 40°F. to 150°F. dewpoint.
3) Probe Length: 8 in. (minimum).
i. Magnetic Flow Transmitter Assembly: Water
1) The assembly should consist of a magnetic type flow meter, and a solid-state, 2-
wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for mounting in the
central plant.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the meter and with the direct digital
control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated and field-installed to an
accuracy of plus or minus 1.5 percent of the actual flow rate over the entire
operating span.
3) The meter should be rated for temperature and pressure conditions of piping in
which it is installed.
j. Flow Transmitter Assembly – Ultrasonic
1) The assembly should consist of a transit time ultrasonic type flow meter, and a
solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for
mounting in an exposed mechanical space.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the meter and the FPS. The assembly
should be factory-calibrated and field-installed to an accuracy of plus or minus 1.5
percent of the actual flow rate over the entire operating span.
3) Transmitter should have built-in circuit protection against reverse polarity and
supply voltage transients.
4) The meter should be strap-on type. Provide with mounting hardware and
verification of installation by manufacturer.
5) Manufacturer: Controlatron – System D45.
k. Flow Measuring Assembly: Air (Pitot)
1) Multiple manifolded, pitot type sensing average velocity pressure. Each station
should be complete with air directionalizer and parallel cell profile suppressor.
Designed for installation at fan discharge and short approach conditions.
2) Provide with transducer and 4-20 mA transmitter for connection to direct digital
control panel. Accuracy plus or minus 0.25 percent of span. Temperature
compensated. Provide adjustable span or fixed spans as follows: 0-.10, 0-.25, 0-
.50 in W.C.; select span which most closely matches station flow range.
3) Total Accuracy: Plus or minus 2 percent of design CFM from 550 to 3000 FPM.
l. Pressure Transmitter Assembly: Air Streams
1) The assembly should consist of a pressure sensor and a solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20
mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for duct mounting.
2) The transmitter should be compatible with the pressure sensor and the direct digital
control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of 0.05 in
W.G. over a range of 0-4 in W.G.
3) Probe: 8 in. pitot tube, brass.

12-15-03
m. Differential Pressure Transmitter Assembly: Water.
1) Should consist of a differential pressure sensor and an electronic 2-wire, 4-20 mA

transmitter assembly. Should be enclosed in a gasketed, dust and watertight case.
All bodies open to the process fluid should be provided with drain ports and the
cavity bottom and vent ports at the top of the cavity. Both drain and vent ports
should be minimum ¼ in. NPT.
2) The differential pressure range span should be adjustable to permit elevation of a
minimum of 50 percent of range. This adjustment should be made within the
transmitter housing without a change of parts. The transmitter should be capable of
sustaining differential pressures in either direction, up to the body rating without
damage to the instrument or a loss of accuracy or zero shift.
3) The transmitter should be fully compensated for both process and ambient
temperature variations. The transmitter should be furnished complete with input
gauges and factory mounted, 5-valve manifold as manufactured by Anderson-
Greenwood, Model MGAV-S4, or approved equal.
n. Differential Pressure Switch: Water
1) Brass bellows should operate snap-acting SPDT contacts.

2) High and low sensing ports should be ¼ in. NPT.
3) Adjustable operating range capable of sustaining 75 psig in either direction.
o. Current Monitor Switch
1) Provide current monitor relay to detect status of pumps, fans, and as required.
Install in existing motor control centers by inserting wire through magnetic current
transformer or direct to terminals for less than 20 amp rating.
2) Provide current transformer to match motor run current, 600 volt rating.
3) Provide 120 VAC, 60 Hz.
4) Output contact rating, minimum, 5A, 110V, resistive.
5) UL listed.
6) Adjustable trip point and dropout to prevent nuisance tripping, with automatic
reset.
p. Differential Pressure Switch: Air
1) Should be diaphragm-operated and actuate an SPDT snap-acting switch. Operating

point should be adjustable. Range should suit application.
2) High and low sensing ports should be 1/8 in. NPT connected to angle type tips
designed to sense pressure.
q. Differential Pressure Switch: Filters, Non-Indicating
1) Should be diaphragm-operated to actuate SPDT snap-acting switch. Operating

point should be adjustable. Range should suit application.
2) High and low sensing ports should be 1/8 in. NPT connected to angle type tips
designed to sense pressure.
r. Damper End Switch
1) Should be oil-tight, roller type, SPDT snap-acting switch.

12-15-03
2) Mechanism to provide ample travel to prevent stress on damper and control
equipment.
s. Low Limit Thermostat
1) Should have a 20-foot flexible vapor charged element. When temperature sensed
by any 12 in. segment of the element falls below setpoint (usually 35°F.),
thermostat should operate SPDT or DPDT contacts as required.
2) One per every 16 sq. ft. of coil.
3) Manual reset.
t. Electric Room Thermostat
1) Should consist of a bi-metal sensing element and snap-acting SPDT contacts

housed in a ventilated enclosure suitable for wall mounting.
2) Setpoint should be adjustable.
u. Electric Switches
1) Provide panel-mounted electric switches as required.

2) Manufacturer:
a) Allen Bradley.
b) Square D.
c) Or approved equal.
v. Control Relays
1) DPDT contacts or as required.

2) LED indicator light.
3) 11 pin plug-in base.
4) Contacts rated 5 amps at 110 VAC minimum.
5) UL listed as an electric appliance.
w. Auxiliary or Alarm Contacts
1) Contact and sensing device provided by others.

2) Interface hardware and wiring under this Contract.
3. Automatic Control Valves
a. All automatic control valves should be fully proportioning with modulating plug of v-port
inner guides, unless otherwise specified.
b. The valves should be quiet in operation and fail safe in either normally open or normally
closed position in the event of the control air failure. Valves capable of operating at varying
rates of speed to correspond to the exact dictates of the controllers and variable load
requirements and should be capable of operating in sequence when required by the sequence
of operation.
c. Should be sized by the control manufacturer and should be guaranteed to meet the coil loads
as specified. All control valves should be suitable for the pressure conditions as noted for
piping system in which installed and should close against the differential pressures involved.

12-15-03
All control valves should have throttling guides and renewable seats and discs with stainless
steel polished stems.
d. Valve operators (industrial type) should be of the motorized type sized to insure tight seating
against maximum design differential pressure plus 25%.
e. Valves 2 in. and smaller should have bronze bodies with screwed ends. Valves 2½ in. and
larger should have iron bodies with flanged ends. Valves should have sufficient stuffing box
protection to insure against leakage at hydrostatic head involved.
f. Characteristics:
1) Chilled Water Service: Equal percentage flow characteristics, single seated type.
2) Hot Water Service: Equal percentage, single seated. For water temperature 250°F.
or greater, provide stainless steel plug.
3) Steam Service: Equal percentage flow characteristics, single seated. For steam at
50 psi or greater, provide stainless steel plug.
4) Bypass Service: Linear flow characteristics. Double seated.
g. Valve Action
1) Cooling valves normally closed.

2) Preheat valves normally open.
3) Reheat valves normally closed.
4) Humidity control valve normally closed (spring return type).
h. Sizes
1) Two position Valves: Line size unless noted.

2) Throttling Valve
a) Water Service: Maximum pressure drop should be equal to the pressure

drop of the associated coil or exchanger, or 5 psi, whichever is greater.
b) Steam Service: Minimum pressure drop equal to 80 percent of steam inlet
pressure but not greater than 50 percent of absolute pressure.
c) Relief and Bypass Valves: Sized according to pressure available.
d) Chilled Water Service: Where load exceeds capacity of 4 in. control
valve, provide two valves operating in sequence. The larger valve should
have a coefficient of flow (CV) that is between 2 and 3 times larger than
the smaller valve.
e) Steam and Hot Water Service: Where load exceeds capacity of 2½ in.
valve, provide two valves. The larger valve should have a coefficient of
flow that is between 2 and 3 times larger than the smaller valve.
i. Provide mechanical direct reading movement indicators on all valves located in mechanical
rooms and any valves 2½ in. or larger.
j. Valve actuators should be pneumatic type operating in a 3 to 15 psi range.
1) Actuators should be spring return to normal.

2) Actuators should operate over the full range unless otherwise noted.
4. Automatic Dampers
a. Construction

12-15-03
1) Blades
a) Extruded aluminum air foil type.

b) Width:
(1) Minimum: 4 in.

(2) Maximum: 8 in.
c) Length: Maximum 48 in.

d) Gauge: 16 minimum.
e) Modulating Dampers: Opposed-blade type.
f) At Points of Contact: Interlocking edges of compressible seals, selected
for temperature of (minus –50 to 180°F.) at specified leakage rate.
g) Leakage When Closed: Guaranteed less than 10 CFM per square foot at
4 in. W.G. static pressure, less than 5 CFM per square foot at 1 in. W.G.
static pressure.
2) Operators: With sufficient power to limit leakage to specified rate.

3) Operating Linkages:
a) Factory-assembled.
b) Capable of withstanding load equal to twice maximum operating force of
damper operator, without deflection.
4) Frames:
a) Should match material of ductwork.

b) Gauge: 13 minimum.
c) Corner bracing for dampers above 4 square feet.
d) Full size of duct or opening in which installed.
5) Trunions: Steel
6) Bearings:
a) Bronze sleeve, nylon or ball.

b) Thrust bearings for vertically mounted dampers.
c) Maximum Spacing: 48 in.
7) Steel Parts: Zinc-crossed or with two coats of rust-inhibitive paint.

8) Smoke Control Dampers: Same as control dampers except classified under UL
Standard 555-S for use in smoke control systems.
9) Coordinate with mechanical drawings for all damper locations and quantities.
5. Pneumatic Instruments
a. Positive Positioning Relays
1) Provide for modulating valves and/or dampers operating in sequence. Provide on

all valves 2½ in. and larger.
2) Adjustable starting point and operating range.
b. Damper Actuator: Variable inlet vanes.

12-15-03
1) Should be spring return piston type with rolling diaphragm or double-acting
cylinder type. Provide with factory-installed positive position relay.
2) Provide actuators capable of operating inlet vanes in accordance with fan
manufacturers recommendations.
3) Main air, high pressure and control air, and all required interface hardware/tubing
provided under this Contract.
c. Damper Actuator: Controllable pitch blades.
1) Actuator and positioner provided by others.

2) High pressure main air, control air, and all required interface hardware/tubing
provided under this Contract.
6, Materials, Pneumatic Tubing
a. Copper tubing should be round seamless per ASTM B-75, CA Alloy 122, hard drawn and
soft annealed, eddy current tested, free from contamination per ASTM B-68. For sizes ½”
or less: .022 wall thickness minimum; for sizes greater than ½ inch: Class M minimum.
b. Use hard drawn type, except soft annealed type may be used for concealed areas.
c. Support should be by means of non-ferrous clamps and hangers fastened to the building
structure.
d. All tubing should be supported at regular intervals to prevent sagging.
e. Plastic tubing should be black single, twin or jacketed bundled multi-tube, virgin low density
polyethylene ASTM D-1248, Type 1, Category 4, Class C, self-extinguishing (FR) plastic,
UL 94-V2 flammability classification, UL listed.
f. Exposed tubing should be copper and plastic in EMT.
g. Copper tubing must be used in MER’s and outdoor applications.
h. Concealed But Accessible Locations: Tubing should be copper and plastic in EMT and
jacketed bundled multitube.
i. Concealed Inaccessible Areas: Tubing should be copper, plastic in EMT and jacketed
bundled multitube. Provide for 30 percent spares.
j. Thermostat Mains and Branches: While run vertical in a wall may be copper and jacketed
bundled multitube plastic.
7. Tags (Nameplates)
a. Provide nameplates for the following list of all equipment provided. The tags will be
lamicoid plates with sticky back to identify all supplied equipment. The tags will be a
minimum of 1” by 2”.
1) Filter pressure sensors.

2) Temperature sensors.
3) Flow transmitters.
4) Temperature low limits.
5) Pressure differential switches.
6) Duct static pressure sensors.
7) Accessory panels.
8) DDC panels.
9) Pneumatic devices.
10) Air flow stations and sensors.
11) Reheat control valves.
12) Finned tube radiator valves.

12-15-03
8. Accessories
a. Compressed Air System
1) Compressors
a) Quantity: 2
b) Capacity of Each Compressor: Sufficient to supply required air volume;
operating maximum 1/3 of time. Submit all sizing calculations.
c) Motors: Minimum of 10 horsepower required, 90% efficiency.
d) Lubricated reciprocating type.
2) Air Storage Tanks
a) Quantity: 1
b) Total Capacity: Sufficient to limit each compressor to 4 starts per hour.
c) Steel: Hot-dipped galvanized after fabrication.
d) Working Pressure: Minimum 300 psi.
e) Constructed, stamped in accordance with ASME Code for Unfired
Vessels.
f) Valve drain connection.
3) Accessories
a) Alternator for automatically changing starting sequence of compressors,

lead-lag control.
(1) First Compressor: Operates between 100 and 80 psi.

(2) Second Compressor: Automatically starts if tank pressure falls
below 75 psi.
b) Automatic traps on compressed air storage tanks, air dryers, piped to

drain.
c) Three-stage Filters: One micron coalescing high-efficiency prefilters,
after filters 99 percent oil, .03 micron solid particle removal. Carbon-
absorbent after filters. With automatic drain and clear bowl.
d) Intake silencers.
e) Relief valves.
f) Pressure switches.
g) Gauges.
h) Refrigeration-type Air Dryer: To lower 100 psi dewpoint to 38°F.
i) Drains.
j) Bypasses.
k) Shutoff valves.
l) Operation isolators for compressors, piping in accordance with Section
“Vibration Isolation.”
b. Control Cabinets
1) Freestanding or front access wall-mounted type.

2) Doors: Maximum 3 feet wide.

12-15-03
3) Provide with framed, plastic-encased control diagram of respective system secured
to cabinet (on the inside of door).
I. CONTROLLERS
1. Controllers should be electronic modular controllers with ROM, EEPROM and SRAM memory
utilized for specific applications should be capable of receiving from 4 to 64 analog and digital inputs
from such devices as thermistors, humidistats and pressure sensors and capable of sending from 4 to
64 analog and digital output signals to such devices as control valves, dampers and relays. Both input
and output signals should be received and sent from input/output modules directly connected to the
unitary controller on DIN-rail mount. Controllers should be provided with battery back-up to allow
for orderly shutdown in the event of a power supply failure.
2. Workstation computers should function as operator workstations and system file-servers. They
should store and archive information in a database and provide operator interface. Computers
should be provided with the fastest microprocessor chip available at time of Contract award. Each
computer should be provided with minimum 100 gigabit hard drive, 512 megabit system RAM,
modem, uninterruptible power supply, 17-inch flat-screen color monitor, video card, network card,
laser printer, latest edition Microsoft Office software, latest edition Microsoft Windows operating
system, latest edition McAfee Virus scan software, and latest edition BAS system software.
3. Provide modular uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) on workstations and control panels to both
condition incoming power and provide battery back-up in the event of a power supply failure.
J. WIRING
1. Refer to Division 16 – Electrical Standards for Installation of Conduit and Raceway.
2. Conductors
a. ASTM Standards: Solid No. 10 through 14 stranded No. 8 and larger.
1) Type: Copper, soft, 98% minimum conductivity, properly refined.

2) Size Reference: AWG except as noted.
a) Power Systems
(1) No. 12 minimum, except grounding.

(2) At 120 Volts and Over, 100 Foot Circuit Length: No. 10
minimum.
b) Signal Grounding
(1) No. 10 minimum.
c) 50 Volt to 120 Volt Control and Alarm: No. 14 except as noted.

d) Less than 50 volt control and alarm, except as noted
(1) No. 18 minimum.
e) Provide size as required to minimize voltage drop, in accordance with

electrical code.

12-15-03
f) Increase raceway sizes for larger wire as required, inaccordance with
electrical code.
g) Cables should meet Underwriters Laboratories Standards and be so-
labeled.
b. Wire Coding
1) Exterior of wires should bear repetitive markings along their entire length
indicating conductor size, insulation type, and voltage rating.
2) Factory color coding for cables should be as follows: 120 volt single phase, ed
and white. White conductors should serve as neutral.
3) Factory color coding for fables should be as follows: 220/380 volts, brown,
orange, yellow and white. White conductors should serve as neutral.
4) Wire Color Coding: As per Code. Where color-coded cable is not available,
certify in writing and request approval for overlap color taping conductors
(minimum length 6”) in accessible locations. Color coding, once selected, must
be used consistently for the entire project.
c. Motor control wiring should be #14 AWG THWN conductors except in conjunction with
a manual starter use conductors equal in size to those in power circuit.
d. Insulation
1) Rubber and Thermoplastic: ASTM and IPCEA Standards.

2) Type: THW, THWN, THHN, XHHW, 600 volt rated.
e. Accessories
1) Cable Lugs and Taps: Solderless pressure type.

2) Cable Lug Connections: Compression type of same metal as conductor.
3. Signal and Communication System Wiring
a. Conductors: Copper.
b. Minimum Size
1) Data Trunk and LAN Communications Cable: No. 16, twisted shielded pair.
2) Signal Wiring: No. 18 twisted pair.
3) Analog 4-20 mA and RTD Wiring: No. 18 twisted shielded pair.
4) Data Trunk: No. 16 twisted shielded pair.
5) Intercommunications: No. 16 twisted shielded pair.
6) Fan System Control: No. 14.
7) Speakers: No. 14.
8) D.C. Power Supplies: No. 14.
c. Insulation
1) Plenum Cable
a) 600 volt, 392°F., teflon. Minimum 15 mils inner insulation thickness,

25 mil outer sheath, non-flame supporting.
b) UL listed, general use, plenum, Class 2, Class 3, FPLP, power limited
cable, NEC 725-38b(1), NEC 732-31b, NEC 760-28C(3).

12-15-03
c) Approved equal.
2) Plenum approved cable with no carrier is permitted for signal circuits where
concealed in hung ceilings.
3) When plenum cable is not installed in raceway, provide
a) Stainless steel braid, 92 percent coverage.

b) Aluminum, 1.27 mil, mylar shielded with #22 AWG copper tinned
shield drain.
4) Non-Plenum Cable
a) UL listed, general use, Class 2, Class 3, FPL, NEC 725-38b, NEC-723-

31b, NEC 760-28c(1).
b) Approved equal.
5) Riser Cable
a) UL listed, riser, Class 2, Class 3, FPLR, NEC 725-38b(2), NEC 723-

31b, NEC 760-28c(2).
b) Approved equal.
4. Tags
a. Fireproof linen or fiber in accessible locations.

b. Control and Alarm Wiring: Indicate type control or alarm, size of wire, and points of
origin and terminations.
c. Tags and wire numbers should be constant throughout wire run.
K. COMMISSIONING AND TESTING
1. Specify that the building automation system contractor should fully commission and test his
installed system before acceptance by the University. For commissioning, he should prepare and
submit for approval checklists of commissioning and testing procedures including a full point-to-
point wiring checkout can be witnessed by an agency of the University. For commissioning and
testing the building automation system, Contractor should provide all required testing and
corrective equipment.
L. TYPICAL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
1. In general, the system schematic diagrams contained in this Section are to be utilized in the design
of systems and specification of instrumentation for HVAC systems. Each of the following typical
systems is illustrated with required instrumentation and sequence of operation.
a. Typical VAV system with variable frequency drive.

b. Typical VAV system with variable inlet vanes.
c. Typical constant air volume system.
d. Typical multi-zone system.
e. Typical dual duct system.
f. Typical package DX/chilled water system.
g. Typical package DX unit.
h. Split DX system.

12-15-03
i. Constant air volume system with zoned terminal reheats.
j. Heat exchanger (steam to hot water).
k. Typical 100% outside air unit.
l. Typical pump wiring and interlock diagram (hand-off-auto switch).
m. Typical pump wiring and interlock diagram (VFD with hand-off-auto switch).
n. Typical motor wiring and interlock diagram (VFD with hand-off-auto switch).

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15980 MOTORS, STARTERS AND DISCONNECTS
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying motors, starters and disconnect
switches. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or
B. MOTORS
1. General
a. Each motor should have capacity to start and operate the machine it drives without
exceeding motor nameplate rating at the speed specified or at any speed and load which
may be obtained by drive provided.
b. Each motor that is provided with automatic control should be capable of making as many
frequent starts as required by the control device without damage, and without exceeding
the maximum permissible hot spot temperature. Motors not provided with automatic
control should be capable of making not less than 4 starts per hour without damage and
without exceeding the maximum permissible hot spot temperature.
c. All belt-connected motors should be equipped with shafts and bearings that will withstand
both the belt pull of drive furnished, and momentary or continuous overloads due to
acceleration or incorrect belt tension.
d. Motors should be rated for continuous duty at 100 percent of rated capacity, and
temperature rise should be based on an ambient temperature of 40°C. Temperature rise
should not exceed 55°C for fully enclosed type, 55°C for splashproof type and 40°C for
all other motors. Motors should be capable of withstanding momentary overloads of fifty
percent without injurious heating. Service factors should be as follows:
Open Drip Proof Enclosure - 1.15

Totally Enclosed-Fan Cooled - 1.00
Encapsulated Windings - 1.00
e. One-third horsepower and larger motors should be three phase and motors smaller than
one-third horsepower should be single phase.
f. Motors one-half horsepower and larger should have Class B insulation. Motors one-half
horsepower and larger should have ball or roller bearings with pressure grease
lubrication.
g. All motor leads should be permanently identified and supplied with connectors.
h. Direct connected motors should be furnished without an adjustable base. All motors
connected to belt driven equipment should be furnished with adjustable sliding bases.
Fractional horsepower motors should have slotted mounting holes.
i. The insulation resistance between stator conductors and motor frames should be not less
than 1/2 megohm.
j. All two speed motors should have single windings, and should be furnished with
oversized junction box.
k. Motor efficiencies should be verified in accordance with NEMA standard NG1-12.53a.
Minimum efficiencies should be as prescribed by Con Edison’s rebate program and as
follows:
15980-1 Motors, Starters and Disconnects

12-15-03
Horsepower Efficiency
5 87%
7.5 89%
10 90%
15 90%
20 91%
25 93%
30 93%
40 94%
50 94%
60 95%
75 95%
100 95%
125 95%
150 and larger 96%
l. Motor nameplates should bear the manufacturer’s name, motor serial number,
horsepower, speed, voltage, phase and current characteristics.
m. Align motors, bases, shafts, pulleys and belts. Tension belts according to manufacturer’s
written instructions.
2. Polyphase Motors
a. Polyphase motors should be NEMA MG 1, Design B, medium induction motors.

b. Polyphase motors should have copper windings, unless otherwise indicated.
c. Polyphase motors should have squirrel cage rotors, unless otherwise indicated.
d. Bearings on polyphase motors should be double-shielded, prelubricated ball bearings
suitable for radial and thrust loading.
e. Insulation rating should be Class F and temperature rise should match, unless otherwise
indicated.
f. Enclosures for polyphase motors 7.5 HP and larger should be of the cast iron type.
Enclosures for polyphase motors smaller than 7.5 HP should be of the rolled steel type
g. Finish on polyphase motors should be gray enamel.
3. Polyphase Motors With Additional Requirements
a. For motors used with reduced-inrush controllers, wiring connection requirements for
controller should be match with required motor leads. Terminals in motor terminal box
should be provided suited to control method.
b. For motors used with variable frequency controllers, ratings, characteristics, and features
should be coordinated with and approved by controller manufacturer.
1) These motors should be designed with critical vibration frequencies outside

operating range of controller output.
2) The temperature rise should be matched to rating for Class B insulation.
3) These motors should have Class H insulation.
4) These motors should comply with NEMA MG 1 requirements for thermally
protected motors.

12-15-03
c. Rugged-duty motors should be totally enclosed, with 1.25 minimum service factor,
greased bearings, integral condensate drains, and capped relief vents. Windings should
be insulated with nonhygroscopic material.
1) The finish on rugged-duty motors should be a chemical-resistant paint over

corrosion-resistant primer.
4. Single-phase motors should be chosen to suit starting torque and requirements of specific motor
application. The three types that should be used are permanent-split capacitor, split-phase start
capacitor run, or capacitor start capacitor run.
a. Shaded-pole motors should be used for motors 1/20 hp and smaller only.
b. On single-phase motors, there should be internal protection to automatically open power
supply circuit to motor when winding temperature exceeds a safe value calibrated to
temperature rating of motor insulation. Thermal-protection device should automatically
reset when motor temperature returns to normal range.
c. Bearings should be ball type for belt-connected motors and other motors with high radial
forces on motor shaft. For other single-phase motors, the bearings should be of the
sealed, prelubricated-sleeve type.
5. Motor Installation
a. Each motor assembly should be anchored to base, adjustable rails, or other support,
arranged and sized according to manufacturer’s written instructions. Attach by bolting.
Level and align with load transfer link.
b. Motors should be installed on concrete bases.
6. Motors should be as manufactured by:
a. General Electric Company

b. U.S. Motor Company
c. Baldor
C. STARTERS
1. General
a. Each controller shall be mounted in a NEMA type enclosure suitable for the particular
service and/or location.
b. Provide an HOA switch in the controller cover for all motors that are automatically
controlled. Pushbuttons are not required where HOA switches are used.
c. Provide control circuit fusing in all controllers.
d. Provide all necessary auxiliary contacts and transformers in controller. Provide time
delay relays for all interlocked motors.
e. All pilot lights should be incandescent, candelabra base receptacles, with red or green
jewel. Provide pilot lights to indicate “Motor On.” Pilot lights should be “push-to-type”
type.
f. All motor controllers and starters individually mounted should be of the following type:
1) Combination fused circuit breaker or unfused disconnect switch and magnetic

unfused controller with overload protection and low voltage protection.

12-15-03
2) Manual toggle switch operation 2 pole or single pole starter with overload
protection in approved NEMA enclosure. Where motors are installed remote
from starters, a pilot light should be provided.
g. All starters should have reset buttons and overload protection. For 3 phase starters, all
three phases should be protected.
h. Starters should be individually enclosed in a neatly finished ventilated box of code gauge
steel, machine formed and welded. Boxes should have a door with a spring catch handle
with the capability to lock the handle in an open position.
i. All magnetic starters should have a fused control circuit transformer of proper capacity
with 115 volt secondary winding.
j. Enclosure sizes and wiring terminals should be suitable for the application of both copper
and aluminum power control circuit wires.
k. Starters should be subject to the approval, as to limit of inrush current, as set up by the
Utility Company. In general, starters should be located close to the equipment controlled.
l. Motor starters for motors 1/2 HP thru 100 HP and all automatically controlled motors
should be magnetic across the line type, unless indicated otherwise.
m. Motor starters for motors smaller than 1/2 HP and not automatically controlled should be
manual thermal overload switch type.
n. Motor starters for motors larger than 50 HP should be reduced voltage type.
o. Starters must be installed in view of its motor.
p. Manual enclosed controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, general purpose, Class A, with
toggle action and overload element.
3. Magnetic Enclosed Starters
a. Magnetic enclosed starters should be NEMA ICS 2, Class A, full voltage, nonreversing,
across the line, unless otherwise indicated.
b. The control circuit should be 120 V obtained from an integral control power transformer
with a control power transformer of sufficient capacity to operate connected pilot,
indicating and control devices, plus 100 percent spare capacity.
c. Combination controllers should be factory assembled and have a disconnect switch.
1) Fusible Disconnecting Means: NEMA KS 1, heavy-duty, fusible switch with

rejection-type fuse clips rated for fuses. Select and size fuses to provide Type 2
protection according to IEC 947-4-1, as certified by a nationally recognized
testing laboratory.
2) Circuit-Breaker Disconnecting Means: NEMA AB 1, motor-circuit protector
with field-adjustable, short-circuit trip coordinated with motor locked-rotor
amperes.
d. Overload relays should be the ambient-compensated type with inverse-time-current

characteristic and NEMA ICS 2, Class 10 tripping characteristic. Provide with heaters or
sensors in each phase matched to nameplate full-load current of specific motor to which
they connect and with appropriate adjustment for duty cycle.
e. Adjustable overload relays should be dipswitch selectable type for motor running
overload protection with NEMA ICS 2, Class 10 tripping characteristic, and selected to
protect motor against voltage and current unbalance and single phasing. Provide relay
with Class II ground-fault protection, with start and run delays to prevent nuisance trip on
starting.

12-15-03
f. Multispeed enclosed controllers should match motor type, application, and number of
speeds. The following accessories should be included:
1) Compelling relay to ensure motor will start only at low speed.

2) Accelerating relay to ensure properly timed acceleration through speeds lower
than that selected.
3) Decelerating relay to ensure automatically timed deceleration through each
speed.
4) Hi-low-off-auto switch with pilot lights for each speed.
g. Star-delta controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, closed transition with adjustable time
delay.
h. Magnetic controllers should be as manufactured by G.E., Square ‘D’, or Allen-Bradley.
4. Autotransformer reduced-voltage controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, closed transition.
5. Solid-state, reduced-voltage controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, and suitable for use with NEMA
MG 1, Design B, polyphase, medium induction motors.
a. Adjustable acceleration rate control utilizing voltage or current ramp, and adjustable
starting torque control with up to 500 percent current limitation for 20 seconds.
b. Surge suppressor in solid-state power circuits providing 3-phase protection against
damage from supply voltage surges 10 percent or more above nominal line voltage.
c. LED indicators showing motor and control status, including control power available,
controller on, overload trip, loss of phase, and shorted silicon-controlled rectifier.
d. Automatic voltage-reduction controls to reduce voltage when motor is running at light
load.
e. Motor running contactor operating automatically when full voltage is applied to motor.
f. Solid state starters should be factory assembled and have a circuit-breaker disconnecting
means by NEMA AB, thermal-magnetic breaker.
g. Solid state starters should be equipped with by-pass contacts that close when the motor
has attained full speed so the motor is running across-the-line.
h. Solid state controllers should be as manufactured by G.E., Square ‘D’ or Allen-Bradley.
6. Variable-Frequency Controllers
a. Variable-frequency controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, pulse-width-modulated. They

should be listed and labeled as a complete unit and arranged to provide variable speed of
a NEMA MG 1, Design B, 3-phase, induction motor by adjusting output voltage and
frequency.
b. The load type should be matched such as fans, blowers, and pumps; and type of
connection used between motor and load such as direct or through a power-transmission
connection.
c. Match transformer voltage ratings and capacity to system and motor voltages; and
controller, motor, drive, and load characteristics.
d. The output rating is 3-phase, 6 to 60 Hz, with voltage proportional to frequency
throughout voltage range.
e. The starting torque should be 100 percent of the rated torque or as indicated.
f. Speed regulation should be plus or minus 1 percent.
g. The ambient temperature should be 0 to 40 deg C.
h. The efficiency of the controller should be 95 percent minimum at full load and 60 Hz.
i. The minimum displacement power factor at the input terminals should be 95 percent.

12-15-03
j. Provide a 5% line reactor or equipment filter methods to minimize harmonic effects on
the building’s electrical system.
k. Isolated control interface allows controller to follow control signal over an 11:1 speed
range.
1) Electrical signals should be 4 to 20 mA at 24 V, or 0 to 10 VDC, user selectable.

2) Pneumatic signals should be 3 to 15 psig (20 to 104 kPa).
l. Include the following internal adjustment capabilities:
1) Minimum speed adjustment should be 5 to 25 percent of maximum rpm.

2) Maximum speed adjustment should be 80 to 100 percent of maximum rpm.
3) Acceleration (and deceleration) time adjustment should be 2 to 22 seconds.
4) The current limit adjustment should be 50 to 110 percent of maximum rating.
m. Self-protection and reliability features should include the following:
1) Input transient protection by means of surge suppressors.

2) Snubber networks to protect against malfunction due to system voltage
transients.
3) Motor overload relay should be adjustable and capable of NEMA 250, Class 10
performance.
4) Notch filter to prevent operation of the controller-motor-load combination at a
natural frequency of the combination.
5) Instantaneous overcurrent trip.
6) Loss-of-phase protection.
7) Reverse-phase protection.
8) Under- and overvoltage trips.
9) Overtemperature trip.
10) Short-circuit protection, consisting of input line fuses rated for 200,000 A.I.C.
11) Thermal-magnetic input breaker.
n. Attempt three restarts after the controller fault or on return of power after an interruption
and before shutting down for manual reset or fault correction. Restarting during
deceleration should not damage controller, motor, or load.
o. Power-interruption protection should prevent motor from re-energizing after a power
interruption until motor has stopped.
p. Door-mounted LED indicators should indicators should indicate the following conditions:
1) Power on.
2) Run.
3) Overvoltage.
4) Line fault.
5) Overcurrent.
6) External fault.
q. On the panel-mounted operator station, there should be start-stop and auto-manual

selector switches with manual speed control potentiometer and elapsed time meter.
r. Meters or digital readout devices and selector switches should be mounted flush in
controller door and connected to indicate controller output current, voltage, and
frequency.

12-15-03
s. Integral disconnecting means should be NEMA molded-case switches or nonfusible
switches with lockable handles.
t. Provide VFD’s with bypass features that include NEMA ICS 2, full-voltage, nonreversing
enclosed controllers with across-the-line starting capability in manual-bypass mode.
Provide motor overload protection under both modes of operation with control logic that
allows common start-stop capability in either mode.
u. Magnetic contactor should be arranged to safely transfer motor between controller output
and bypass controller circuit when motor is at zero speed. Controller-off-bypass,
selector-switch indicator lights set and indicate mode selection.
v. Isolating switches should be non-load-break switches arranged to isolate variable-
frequency controller and permit safe troubleshooting and testing, both energized and de-
energized, while motor is operating in bypass mode.
w. Remote indicating circuit terminals should show mode selection, controller status, and
controller fault.
x. VFD’s should have capability for 3 programmable analog and 5 programmable digital
outputs.
y. Variable frequency drives should be as manufactured by Square “D”, Altivar or Allen-
Bradley.
7. Enclosures should be flush- or surface-mounted cabinets as indicated. Enclosures should be

NEMA 250, Type 1, unless otherwise indicated, to comply with environmental conditions at
installed location.
a. Outdoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 3R.

b. Kitchen Areas: NEMA 250, Type 4X, stainless steel.
c. Other Wet or Damp Indoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4.
d. Hazardous Areas Indicated on Drawings: NEMA 250, Type 7C.
8. Accessories
a. Devices should be factory installed in controller enclosure, unless otherwise indicated.

b. Pushbutton stations, pilot lights, and selector switches should all be NEMA ICS 2, heavy-
duty type.
c. Stop and lockout push-button stations should be momentary-break with a factory-applied
hasp arranged so padlock can be used to lock pushbutton in depressed position with
control circuit open.
d. Control relays should be auxiliary and adjustable time-delay relays.
e. Elapsed time meters should be heavy-duty with digital readout in hours. Elapsed time
meters shall indicate motor running elapsed time.
f. Multifunction digital-metering monitors should be UL-listed or recognized,
microprocessor-based suitable for three- or four-wire systems and with the following
features:
1) Inputs from sensors or 5-A current-transformer secondaries, and potential

terminals rated to 600 V.
2) Switch selectable digital display of the following:
(a) Phase currents for each phase (plus or minus 1 percent).

(b) Phase-to-phase voltages for three phase (plus or minus 1 percent).
(c) Phase-to-neutral voltages for three phase (plus or minus 1 percent).
(d) Three-phase real power (plus or minus 2 percent).
(e) Three-phase reactive power (plus or minus 2 percent).

12-15-03
(f) Power factor (plus or minus 2 percent).
(g) Frequency (plus or minus 0.5 percent).
(h) Integrated demand with demand interval selectable from 5 to 60
minutes (plus or minus 2 percent).
(i) Accumulated energy, in megawatt hours (plus or minus 2 percent);
stored values unaffected by power outages for up to 72 hours.
3) Display and control unit should be mounted flush or semiflush in instrument

compartment door.
g. Phase-failure and undervoltage relays should be solid-state sensing circuits with isolated
output contacts for hard-wired connection. Adjustable undervoltage setting should be
provided.
h. Current sensing, phase-failure relays should be solid-state sensing circuits with isolated
output contacts for hard-wired connection. They should be arranged to operate on phase
failure, phase reversal, current unbalance of from 30 to 40 percent, or loss of supply
voltage. These relays should also have adjustable response delay.
9. Manufacturer should apply standard prime-coat finish to prepare for field painting.
Manufacturer’s standard paint should be applied to factory-assembled and -tested enclosed
controllers before shipping.
D. DISCONNECT SWITCHES
1. General
a. Each motor should be provided with a horsepower rated disconnect switch.

b. Heavy duty, single throw knife switch with quick-make, quick-break mechanism, capable
of full load operation. Horsepower rated and meeting National Electrical Manufacturer’s
Association and Federal Specifications for Class A switches.
c. Provide with contact arc-quenching devices, such as magnetic blowouts or snuffing
plates. Provide self-aligning switch blades with silver alloy contact areas and designed so
that arcing upon making and breaking does not occur on the final contact surfaces.
Provide with high pressure, spring-loaded contact. Mount switch parts on high grade
insulating base.
d. Enclosure: National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association I with multiple knock outs on
sides and back, hinged door and cover interlock which prevents door opening when
switch is in “ON” position and can be positively pad locked in “ON” and “OFF”
positions. Utilize NEMA 3R (rain tight) enclosure for exterior installations.
e. Size, fusing and number of poles as required. Provide horsepower rated switch to match
motor load for NEMA size. Use 3 pole plus solid neutral switches.
f. Provide nameplates on each disconnect denoting equipment number.
g. Disconnect switches at motors, that are controlled by a VFD located remotely from the
motor, should have auxiliary contacts tied back to the VFD to disable VFD control when
power has been interrupted to the motor.
2. Fusible and Nonfusible Switches
a. Fusible switches for motors rated 1200 A and smaller should be NEMA KS 1, Type HD,
with clips or bolt pads to accommodate specified fuses, lockable handle with capability to
accept two padlocks, and interlocked with cover in closed position. Provide a complete set
of RKI fuses.

12-15-03
b. Nonfusible switches for motors rated 1200A and smaller should be NEMA KS, Type HD,
lockable handle with capability to accept two padlocks, and interlocked with cover in closed
position.
c. Accessories:
1) Equipment ground kits should be internally mounted and labeled for copper and
aluminum ground conductors.
2) Neutral kits, where required, should be internally mounted and labeled for copper
and aluminum neutral conductors.
3. Fused Power Circuit Devices
a. For motors rated above 1200 Amperes, provide bolted-pressure contact switches that
comply with UL 977. The operating mechanism should use a rotary-mechanical-bolting
action to produce and maintain high-clamping pressure on the switch blade after it engages
the stationary contacts.
1) The main contact interrupting capability should be at least twelve times the switch
current rating.
2) The manual handle operation to close switch stores energy in mechanism for
closing and opening.
(a) Operation of lever or pushbutton trip switch, or trip signal from ground-
fault relay or remote-control device, should cause switch to open.
(b) Operation of mechanical lever or pushbutton or another device should
cause switch to open.
3) Ground-fault relays should comply with UL 1053. They should be self-powered

type with mechanical ground-fault indicator, test function, tripping relay with
internal memory, and three-phase current transformer/sensor.
(a) Ground fault relay should be integrally mounted or remote-mounted relay

and trip unit with adjustable pickup and time-delay settings, push-to-test
feature, and ground fault indicator.
(b) The internal memory should serve to integrate the cumulative value of
intermittent arcing ground-fault currents and uses the effect to initiate
tripping.
(c) The operation of “no-trip” test control permits ground-fault simulation
test without tripping switch.
(d) The test control simulates ground fault to test relay and switch (or relay
only if “no-trip” mode is selected).
4) An open-fuse trip device should be arranged to trip switch open if a phase fuse
opens.
4. Molded-Case Circuit Breakers and Switches
a. Molded-case circuit breakers should be NEMA AB 1, with interrupting capacity to meet

available fault currents.
1) Thermal-magnetic circuit breakers should have inverse time-current elements for

low-level overloads and instantaneous magnetic trip elements for short circuits.

12-15-03
Adjustable magnetic trip setting for circuit-breaker frame sizes 250A and larger.
2) Adjustable instantaneous-trip circuit breakers should have magnetic trip elements
with front-mounted, field-adjustable trip setting.
b. Molded-Case Circuit-Breaker Features and Accessories
1) Standard frame sizes, trip ratings, and number of poles.

2) Lugs should be mechanical style suitable for number, size, trip ratings, and
conductor material.
3) Application listing should be Type HACR for heating, air-conditioning, and
refrigerating equipment.
4) Ground-fault protection should be an integrally mounted relay and trip unit with
adjustable pickup and time-delay settings, push-to-test feature, and ground-fault
indicator.
5) Shunt trip should be 120V trip coil energized from separate circuits.
6) Undervoltage trip should be set to operate at 35 to 75 percent of rated voltage with
field-adjustable 0.1- to 0.6 second time delay.
5. Enclosures should be NEMA AB 1 and NEMA KS 1 to meet environmental conditions of installed

location.
a. Outdoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 3R.

b. Kitchen Areas: NEMA 250, Type 4X, stainless steel.
c. Other Wet or Damp Indoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4.
d. Hazardous Areas Indicated on Drawings: NEMA 250, Type 7C.
6. Disconnect switches should be as manufactured by General Electric Company, Square “D” or Cutler-
Hammer.

12-15-03
DIVISION 15
15990 TESTING, ADJUSTING AND BALANCING
A. GENERAL
1. In general, follow the guidelines below when specifying requirements for testing, adjusting and
balancing. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or
2. This Section includes testing, adjusting and balancing HVAC systems to produce design objectives,
including the following:
a. Balancing air flow and water flow within distribution systems, including submains, branches
and terminals, to indicated quantities according to specified tolerances.
b. Adjusting total HVAC systems to provide indicated quantities.
c. Measuring electrical performance of HVAC equipment.
d. Setting quantitative performance of HVAC equipment.
e. Verifying that automatic control devices are functioning properly.
f. Measuring sound and vibration.
g. Reporting results of the activities and procedures specified in this Section.
3. During any testing, adjusting, balancing operation, piping, equipment, or accessories should not be
subjected to pressure exceeding their ratings.
1. The balancing agency should have successfully completed at least five projects of similar size and
scope, and should be a Certified member of "Associated Air Balance Council."
2. The balancing agency should have no affiliation with a mechanical contracting or sheet metal
company.
C. AIR BALANCING AND TESTING
1. On initial startup, prior to any test, the balancing agency must check the rotation and running
amperage of all fan motors to prevent damage to equipment by overload.
2. New, clean filters must be installed in all supply systems prior to balancing.
3. All main supply air ducts must be traversed, using a pitot tube and manometer. The intent of this
operation is to measure the total air quantity supplied by the fan and to verify the distribution of air
to zones.
4. Inspect all fan scrolls and remove objects or debris. Inspect all coils and remove debris or
obstructions. Verify that all fire and smoke dampers are open.
5. All fans and duct systems should be completely balanced by the adjustment of sheaves, dampers,
registers and other volume and diverting control devices. Replace sheaves if required to meet
design conditions.
15990-1 Testing, Adjusting and Balancing

12-15-03
6. The balancing agency should make any changes in pulleys, sheaves, belts and dampers or to add
dampers required for properly balancing the system.
7. All diffusers, grilles and registers should be adjusted to minimize drafts and noise in all areas.
Dampers furnished integrally with diffusers and registers should be used only for “fine tuning” the
system. Volume dampers in branch ductwork should be the primary air balancing device.
8. Air systems should be leak tested as described in SMACNA. The total system leakage should not
exceed 3 percent of the total system air quantity.
9. The balancing agency should adjust outside air and return air modulating dampers to admit the
specified quantity of air under all modes of operation. All final adjusted air quantities should be
within 10 percent of the design requirements.
10. The testing and balance agency should be required to check all controls for proper calibrations and
the proper operation of all automatic dampers.
11. Upon completion of balancing, a complete testing and balancing report must be submitted to the
University and the engineer. The balancing report should, as a minimum, include the following:
a. Fan model number.

b. Total fan air quantities - Design and Actual.
c. Fan static pressure - Design and Actual.
d. Fan tip speed - Design and Actual.
e. Fan outlet velocity - Design and Actual.
f. Fan brake horsepower.
g. Motor horsepower.
h. Voltage and full load amperage draw - Design and Actual.
i. Single line diagrams of the duct system indicating all terminal outlets and identified by a
unique number.
j. Data sheets should list all outlets (supply, return and exhaust), each outlet's size, location,
"K" factor, design CFM and actual CFM.
11. Upon completion of all air balancing, all dampers should be marked indicating the final adjusted
position.
D. PIPING PRESSURE TEST
1. Piping hydrostatic tests must be performed before covering is applied.
2. If piping is tested in winter, an anti-freeze solution should be used.
3. Where controls and accessories are not designed to withstand the pipe test pressure, they must be
properly protected against damage.
4. All piping should be tested to a hydrostatic pressure at least 1-1/2 times the maximum designed
working pressure (but not less than 50 lbs. per square inch) for a sufficiently long time to detect all
leaks and defects. Tests must be repeated at least once after all leaks and defects have been
repaired. The following should be tested for four consecutive hours without loss of pressure:

12-15-03
System Test Pressure
High pressure steam and condensate piping 300 psi

High pressure vents (steam safety and relief) 300 psi
Low pressure steam 150 psi
Compressed air (temperature controls) 100 psi
Overflow and drain 50 psi
Hot water (Heating) 200 psi
Chilled water 200 psi
Chemical treatment 100 psi
5. Leaks that are detected during the pressure test must be corrected by replacing all defective
materials or welds. Caulking of screwed joints or peaning of welds is not acceptable. Wherever it
is necessary to cut out a weld and the ends of the pipe cannot be conveniently brought together, a
short piece should be fitted in and welded.
D. WATER BALANCING AND TESTING
1. On initial startup, prior to any test, check the rotation and running amperage of all pump motors to
prevent damage to equipment by overload.
2. All water system must be completely filled and vented, and all strainers cleaned prior to balancing.
Expansion tanks should be inspected to verify proper water level and pressure. All air vents
should be checked to ensure that they are properly installed, operating properly and freely, and that
all air is out of the system. The operation of makeup water valves should be confirmed.
3. All pumps and piping systems should be completely balanced by the adjustment of plug cocks,
globe valves or other control devices, to obtain the required flow quantities. Balancing should be
done with all controls set for full flow through coils. All automatic throttling valves should be in
the full-open position. All circuit setters should be set to the proper flow.
4. For equipment and coils without flow measuring devices, flow should be balanced by means of
pressure drop using data supplied by the equipment manufacturer indicating the relationship
between flow and pressure drop.
5. Upon completion of balancing, a complete testing and balancing report must be submitted to the
University and the Engineer. The balancing report should, as a minimum, include the following:
a. Pump manufacturer, model number and size.

b. Total pump water flow - Design and Actual.
c. Total head - Design and Actual.
d. Pump speed - Design and Actual.
e. Pump impeller size.
f. NPSH (if required).
g. Pump motor horsepower.
h. Voltage and full load amperage draw - Design and Actual.
i. Suction, discharge and total head at no flow and design flow.
j. For all orifice plates, record the pipe size, orifice size, flow factor, required differential
pressure, final differential pressure and calculated final flow quantity.
k. For all venturi type, pitot tube, or other flow measuring devices record the pipe size,
manufacturer and size of device, and the direct reading or the differential pressure, and
calculated final flow.

12-15-03
l. Upon completion of water balancing, all plug valves and other throttling devices should
be marked indicating the final adjusted position.
F. AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM TESTING
1. Examine automatic temperature system components to verify the following:
a. Dampers, valves, and other controlled devices operate by the intended controller.
b. Dampers and valves are in the position indicated by the controller.
c. Integrity of valves and dampers for free and full operation and for tightness of fully
closed and fully open positions. This includes dampers in multizone units, mixing boxes,
and variable-air-volume terminals.
d. Automatic modulating and shutoff valves, including 2-way valves and 3-way mixing and
diverting valves, are properly connected.
e. Thermostats and humidistats are located to avoid adverse effects of sunlight, drafts and
cold walls.
f. Sensors are located to sense only the intended conditions.
g. Sequence of operation for control modes is according to the Contract Documents.
h. Controller setpoints are set at design values. Observe and record system reactions to
changes in conditions. Record default setpoints if different from design values.
i. Interlocked systems are operating.
j. Changeover from heating to cooling mode occurs according to design values.
G. MOTORS
1. Motors, ½ HP and Larger: Test at final balanced conditions and record the following data:
a. Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers.

b. Motor horsepower rating.
c. Motor rpm.
d. Efficiency rating if high-efficiency motor.
e. Nameplate and measured voltage, each phase.
f. Nameplate and measured amperage, each phase.
g. Starter thermal-protection-element rating.
2. Motors Driven By Variable-Frequency Controllers: Test for proper operation at speeds varying
from minimum to maximum. Test the manual bypass for the controller to prove proper operation.
Record observations, including controller manufacturer, model and serial numbers, and nameplate
data.
H. CHILLERS
1. Balance water flow through each evaporator and condenser to within specified tolerances of design
flow with all pumps operating. With only one chiller operating in a multiple chiller installation, do
not exceed the flow for the maximum tube velocity recommended by the chiller manufacturer.
Measure and record the following data with each chiller operating at design conditions:
a. Evaporator water entering and leaving temperatures, pressure drop, and water flow.
b. Condenser water entering and leaving temperatures, pressure drop, and water flow.
c. Evaporator and condenser refrigerant temperatures and pressures, using instruments
furnished by the chiller manufacturer.
d. Power factor if factory-installed instrumentation is furnished for measure kW.

12-15-03
e. The kW input if factory-installed instrumentation is furnished for measuring kW.
f. Capacity: Calculate in tons of cooling.
g. Air-Cooled Chillers: Verify condenser-fan rotation and record fan data, including number
of fans and entering and leaving air temperatures.
I. COOLING TOWERS
1. Shut off make-up water for the duration of the test, and then make sure the make-up and blow-
down systems are fully operational after tests and before leaving the equipment. Perform the
following tests and record the results:
a. Measure condenser water flow to each cell of the cooling tower.

b. Measure entering and leaving water temperatures.
c. Measure wet and dry bulb temperatures of entering air.
d. Measure wet and dry bulb temperatures of leaving air.
e. Measure condenser water flow rate recirculating through the cooling tower.
f. Measure cooling tower pump discharge pressure.
g. Adjust water level and feed rate of make-up water system.

12-15-03

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DIVISION 15

15060 HVAC PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS

5. Submit calculations that tabulate each system’s pressure requirements.

15060 -1 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

12. Remake leaking joints using new materials.

15060 -2 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15060 -18 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Material Schedule

Chilled Water Schedule 40 CS-1

15060-3 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Chilled Water

15060-4 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15060-5 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Low and High Pressure Steam

Pipe Size Pressure Drop

Table 17 (no limitations)

15060-6 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15060-7 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Condensate return

15060-8 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15060-9 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Fuel oil transportation, vent & fill

15060-10 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Manufacturer Bonney Forge & Tool Works, Grinnell, Walworth,

15060-11 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Chilled Water

Pipe size shall not be smaller than drain pan outlet.

15060-12 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15060-13 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15060-14 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Underground high pressure steam (greater than 15 psi)

15060-15 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Underground condensate return

15060-16 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

Service Underground chilled water

15060-17 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings

15090 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR HVAC PIPING

2. The Engineer should include the following in piping designs:

a. Pipe hanger details, including components, hanger spacing.

1. The Engineer should submit the following to the University:

15090-1 Hangers and Supports

E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

6. Support horizontal piping in accordance with the following tables:

HANGER SPACING AND ROD SIZES FOR STEEL PIPE

Nominal Pipe Size Rod Diameter Max. Spacing

1/2 inches 3/8 inch 5 feet

15090-2 Hangers and Supports

Nominal Pipe Size Rod Diameter Max. Spacing

1/2 and 3/4 inches 3/8 inch 5 feet

15090-3 Hangers and Supports

G. PIPE SLOPES AND ADJUSTMENTS

15090-4 Hangers and Supports

1. Provide pipe sleeves for all floor and wall penetrations.

15090-5 Hangers and Supports

1. Pipe Hangers, Inserts, Saddles, Beam Clamps:

a. B-Line Systems, Inc.

2. Channel Support Systems:

a. B-Line Systems, Inc.

3. Thermal-Hanger Shield Inserts:

a. Carpenter & Patterson, Inc.

5. Pre-Insulated Pipe Supports:

a. Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc.

6. Pre-Insulated Riser Clamps: