ANCIENT PHILIPPINE POETRY Centuries before the Spaniards came, the Filipinos already had their own cultural

traditions, folklore, mythologies and epics. There were substantial writings by early natives that Jesuit historian Fr. Pedro Chirino noted: "All of the islanders are much given to reading and writing. And there is hardly a man, much less a woman who did not read and write." (Relacion de las isles Filipinas-1604) Stories of epics, done in poetry displayed tremendous vitality, color and imagination. Tales of love and adventures about native heroes, endowed with powers from the gods, battle monsters, and triumphs over formidable armies, rode the wind, traveled in flying shields and protect the earliest communities of the islands. Established epic poems of notable quality and length blossomed. And early historians like Padre Colin, Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga andAntonio Pigafetta have all attested to the existence of these epics. There were even reports of a dramatic play given by natives at the arrival of Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in 1565. Epic poems and songs about the exploits of enchanted folk heroes were performed during festivities and proper occasions. Most often, these epic poems (folk epics or ethno-epics) were titled after the names of the hero involved, except for some which carry traditional titles like theKalinga Ullalim; the Sulod Hinilawod; the Maranao Darangan; or the Bicol Ibalon. Stories about folk heroes of long ago were described as "Old Time History" because; they can be used to study the lifestyle and beliefs of the people who produced them. They were also referred to as "Lost", because they were soon forgotten by natives influenced heavily by Spanish and "western" colonization. The famed orientalist, Chauncey Starkweather, stressed that : "These epic romances are charming poem in the Malayan literature." But there are those who perpetuated myths that in the early days of Spanish intrusion, priests in their zealous rage against paganism destroyed all existing records, as well as all forms of writing and art works, regarding ancient Philippine folk heroes. But this is not true. The colorful and fascinating literature of pre-Hispanic Filipinos are still here. Giving the new generation an over view of a heritage that is an unusual and invaluable source of joy and information. Regarding the life style, love and aspirations of early Filipinos. It is from these, wonderful epics, where a Filipino can find his or her national identity. It is from these that a Filipino can feel heroic, truly pulsating with splendor of a magnificent and authentic cultural force.

-Ancient Filipino poetry is an extension of earlier cultures of Southeast Asia, having a common MalayoPolynesian cultural source. - Themes sprang from sources close to religious and political organizations as well as personal relationships and social institutions. As such, themes were basically religious (in praise and invocation of the gods), heroic (war songs, songs of praise for warriors' prowess, epics), lyric (love songs and poems, lullabyes), and didactic (riddles, maxims). - Highland poetry were composed mostly of epic and religious themes. It also celebrates their day-today experience with nature and their society. Two important epics are worthy of note - Hudhud and Alim - Muslim-Filipino Literature is influenced by Arabic and Hindu cultures while keeping its Sanskrit base. It is predominantly composed of Maranao narrative poetry, known as darangan. It consists of 25 epic tales revolving one great hero named Bantugan.