DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATIC UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

Cell Biology (SBC 3013) Science Proses Skill Project

Title: Relation of Blood Group and Personality among UPSI Students. Lecturer: Group Members: Name Mohamad Arif Bin Nasaruddin Maisarah Bt Moktar Matrix Number D20091035123 D20101037505

Introduction Scientific Method The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions. Scientists use the scientific method to search for cause and effect relationships in nature. In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way. The steps are, project question, construct a hypothesis, design an experiment, analyze results, refer whether the hypothesis is accepted or not and lastly evaluate the experiment. For this assignment, we were trying to apply science process skills in order to study the knowledge of blood group, Rhesus factor and personality based on blood type among (respondents) UPSI students. History Blood Group The most well known and medically important blood types are in the ABO blood group. They were discovered in 1900 and 1901 at the University of Vienna by Karl Landsteiner in the process of trying to learn why blood transfusions sometimes cause death and at other times save a patient. In 1930, he belatedly received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of blood types. Rhesus Factor in Blood In 1939, Drs. Philip Levine and Rufus recognized that the serum of a woman agglutinated with red blood cells of about 80% of the people although the blood groups, in particular ABO were matched. As a result, they published the first case report the clinical consequences of non-recognized Rh factor, hemolytic transfusion reaction and hemolytic disease of the newborn. But, no name was given to this then for the first time described agglutinin. In 1940, Drs. Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener reported a serum that also reacted with about 85% of different human red blood cells. This serum was produced by immunizing rabbits with red blood cells from Rhesus macaque. The antigen that induced this immunization was designated by them as Rh factor to indicate that rhesus blood.

Blood Group and Personality The belief that blood type can influence someones personality is popular in Japan and other Asian country. The idea of a correlation between blood type and personality was first noted in the 1927(during Japan's invasion of eastern Asia), when Takeji Furukawa, a professor at Tokyo Women's Teacher's School, published his paper "The Study of Temperament Through Blood Type" in the scholarly journal Psychological Research. This research had been conduct in order to breed ideal soldiers. The study used ten to twenty people for the investigation. But after the war end, this idea had become fixed among the Japanese mind even thought the medical experts have insisted that there is no scientific correlation between personality and blood type. Methodology In this assignment of a survey regarding on scientific methods, we were carried out a survey on a relationship between ABO blood group and personality of a person. The method that we used in order to carry out this survey is by distribution of questionnaire to all students in UPSI regardless of gender, semester and course. There were 13 questions in the questionnaire that included 3 parts of question that are, knowledge about blood group, knowledge about Rhesus factor in ABO blood group system, and also knowledge about the connection between blood type and personality. We had distributed 50 questionnaires. We also used other kinds of methods that are we were done a library study. We used some reference books in Tuanku Bainun Library as our guide to carry out this survey. Besides that, we also used internet surfing by taking some information from web, journal, article and online books especially web that regarding to the specific facts or statistics about ABO blood group and also Rhesus factor. Objectives 1. To know the percentage of knowledge of blood group type among students in UPSI 2. To know the percentage of different blood group among students in UPSI and compare that with world population blood group distribution. 3. To know the understanding of Rhesus Factor among students in UPSI 4. To know the understanding of students in UPSI about the connection of blood group type and their personality

Hypothesis Most of the respondents which are UPSI students know about their blood group type and the UPSI students blood group distribution percentage is equal to the world population blood group distributions percentage. Besides that UPSI students also realize the connection of blood group with their personality. But most of the respondents lacked of understanding in Rhesus factor.

RESULT Part 1: Knowledge about blood group Percentage respondents knowledge about their blood group type (Pie Chart 1)

NO 18%

YES 82%

Percentage of respondents according to their blood group (Pie Chart 2)

AB 4% A 26% B 38%

O 32%

Percentage of respondent knowledge about O blood group genotype (Pie Chart 3)

AO 13%

BO 2%

OO 85%

Part 2: Knowledge about Rhesus Factor in ABO blood group Percentage of respondents know about Rhesus Factor (Pie Chart 4)

NO 41%

YES 59%

Percentage knowledge of respondents about blood group that excluded from it Rhesus Factor (Pie Chart 5)

O+ 6%

A+ 10%

B 42% B+ 42%

Percentage of knowledge of respondents about blood group with Rhesus factor that might be harmful during certain circumstance (laboration) (Pie Chart 6)

O+ 17%

B+ 13%

A+ 22%

A48%

Part 3: Knowledge about the connection between blood type and personality Percentage of respondents that realized the connection of blood type with personality

Don't realize 51%

Yes (Realized) 49%

Respondents personality percentage

Extrovert (Active and Easy Going)

41.03%

Introvert (Shy and Sensitive)

58.97%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

Percentage how respondents deal with friend that causes a problem

82.05 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Mad at her/him Forgive her/him 17.95

Percentage how punctual the respondents are to fulfill their promise when meet their friend

66.66% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 33.33% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Rarely on time Always on time

Percentage how respondents deal with stress/depression

35%

25%

Totally influence by stress recover quickly 40% take time to recover

Percentage how respondent deal to trust other

82.05% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Easily trusting Analyze it first 17.95%

Discussion Part 1: Knowledge about blood group From the result obtained, Refer to Pie Chart 1, 82 % of the respondents knew their blood group while 18% of the respondents dont know their blood group. This result make our hypothesis is correct since, we expected that most of respondents know their blood group. While in pie chart 2, from the total respondents (82% of the respondent) that knowing their blood group there are about 38% of respondent have B blood group, 32% have O blood group, 26% have A blood group and 4% AB group. This shows that the highest blood group among respondents is B blood group while the least one is having AB blood group. The distribution of blood group percentage is different among the country in the world. Overall in the world, B is the rarest ABO blood allele. Only 16% of humanity has it. On the other hand, the A blood allele is somewhat more common around the world than B. About 21% of all people share the A allele. So, the AB Blood type exists only rarely globally, and is the Blood type generated for the first time with the background where A type and B type interchange. On the other hand, the O blood type (usually resulting from the absence of both A and B alleles) is very common around the world. About 63% of humans share it. This is far from our result. From our survey most respondent have B blood type group. This might me due to the lacking number of respondents. We need to increase the number of respondent in order to get better result which is compatible with world population blood group distribution percentage. In pie chart 3, out of 50 respondents, 85 % of respondents answer that genotype for O blood group is OO, 13 % of them give answers that is AO, while the remaining percentage that is 2 % answer that genotype for O blood group is BO. This result shows that most of the respondents know about genotype of blood group and only some of them have no knowledge about it.

Part 2: Knowledge about Rhesus Factor in ABO blood group In the pie chart 4, 59 % of the 50 respondents had knowledge on what Rhesus factor is about, while 41% of them have no knowledge at all about Rhesus factor. The knowing and not know about Rhesus factors is almost same but, still the number of respondents that know about Rhesus factor is higher. This shows we were out of our hypothesis that we have stated that most of respondents lack of knowledge in Rhesus factor. In pie chart 5, out of 50 respondents, percentage knowledge on Rhesus factor, 42% of 50 respondents answer B+, 42% of respondents also answer B, and 6% answer O+, while only 10% answer A+. This shows that most of respondents know about Rhesus factor but there do not have deep knowledge about it. That is why majority of the respondent do not choose B (only 42% answer the question correctly, while 58% do not answer correctly), the blood group that excluded from it rheses factor. So, we take an alternative to distribute the articles about the about rhesus factor to our respondents. The Rhesus factor is an antigen, or more specifically a protein, that exists on the surface of red blood cells. There are four general categories of blood: A, B, O, and AB. Each blood type is further labeled as positive or negative, which is a reference to the Rhesus factor of the blood. People with the Rhesus factor, that is, people with the antigen present in their blood, are Rh-positive. In other hand, People without the Rhesus factor, that is, people that don't have the antigen in their blood, are Rh-negative. So, a person who has a blood type of A and has the Rhesus factor is said to have A-positive, or A+, blood and vice versa. About 85% of world populations have positive Rhesus factor. A person's Rh type (especially women) is crucial during pregnancies. The Rh-negative women may have risk of children with the Rhesus factor disease. This is due to the different Rhesus factor found on them. In order for a Rh-negative woman to have a Rh-positive child, the father must have been Rh-positive. So that the Rh-positive man has a 50% chance of passing on his Rh-positive blood type to the child. For example, if the mother is Rh-negative and the child is Rh-positive, the child's blood may enter the woman's bloodstream during the pregnancy, labor, or delivery. As a result, woman's immune system will respond by producing antibodies to fight off the child's antigens which are foreign to the woman's system. That is, the woman's body may naturally produce antibodies which attack the baby's blood, causing the baby's red blood cells to break down. This is not affecting the women healthy, but it may affect the child. In pie chart 6, 48 % of respondents answer that A- blood group is harmful, 22 % of them answer A+ blood group is harmful, while 17% of them answer O+ blood group is harmful, and 13 % of them answer B+ blood group. This once again prove that our respondent do not have extra knowledge about the rhesus factor. Since most of the world population have positive Rhesus factor, the blood group that might be harmful especially for women during given birth is blood group with negative rhesus factor, A-. But most of the respondent answer other than that A-.

Part 3: Knowledge about Relationship between blood type and personality Yes, there are no scientific evidences to support the relationship of the blood type with personalities. But, base on library study that we conduct, we know that there are some personalities that the researchers especially physiologist conducted that related the personality with blood type. We also analyze how possible the relationships of blood type with personality by ask the respondent some questions (refer to Part 3 in questionnaire). Let go through one by one. Blood Group A Best Qualities: serious, patient, cool, emphatic, certifiable, believable, love harmony, peace, organization, work well with others, sensitive, affectionate, usually think first and plan in detail if want to do any work (perfectionist), do everything seriously and consistently, make themselves appropriately (that is why, they will try not to hurt anyone with their words or speak unnecessarily), earnest, creative, sensible, reserved, responsible, punctual, loyal to fault, can be secretive, and reluctant to share their feeling. Bad Qualities: seem calm on the outside, but inside, youre filled with anxiety and worry, often shy and sensitive, stubbornness, nervous, scary and lean to surround them with the same characteristic people, fastidious, over earnest, stubborn, and tense.

Type A

There are about 20.51% of respondents that have A blood group type. The percentage of respondent that related or not related with those personalities mentioned is shown on the next page.

38% Closely related Not ralated/least related 63%

Blood Group B Good Qualities: Wild, active, doer, creative, passionate, strong, flexible, adapt easily to any situation, lean to have many hobbies -if they are interested in something, they will be buoyant (unfortunately they will be bored fast)-, can choose the most important thing for them to do first, animal loving, goal oriented and strong mind (will start a task and continue it until complete ) Type B Bad Qualities: Selfish, rugged individualist (who's straight forward and like to do things your own way), irresponsible, unforgiving, unpredictable, lean to want to be number one in anything rather than just to be average people, usually ignore another activity if they have focused on a certain activity (they cannot do some activities at the same time), they are actually not like their appearances (cheerful, enthusiastic, and bright). Indeed, they are antisocial with many people.

There are about 38% of respondents that have B blood group type, which is the dominant blood group among respondent. The percentage of respondent that related or not related with those personalities mentioned is on next page

Not related 33%

Related/close related 67%

Blood Group AB

Type AB

Best Qualities: Cool and controlled, generally well liked and always put people at ease, natural entertainer who's tactful and fair, emphatics, introverted, rational, good with money, may be shy, hesitant and confident, often stand out from others, dont like labels, nice, easy going, logical and determined to do things correctly, sociable, adaptable interests with other people's feelings and always face other people with care and beware. Bad Qualities: Standoffish, blunt, have difficulty making decisions, some consider them as split personality- two-faces (untrustworthy)-, critical, indecisive, forgetful, irresponsible, sensitive and soft feeling.

There are about 4% of respondents that have AB blood group type. 100% of AB respondents are related with those personalities mentioned.

Blood Group O Best Qualities: Want to be a leader, keep striving until you achieve the goal that been sated, trend-setter, loyal, passionate, have high self-confident, do something calmly, smart to cover up feelings (look like people who always cheerful, peaceful, and do not have problem at all (but, if they cannot bear it, they will surely find out a place or someone to talk), often do kindness, not reluctant to get out of their money to other people, have their own opinions about anything in confidence, but they are also flexible and easily accept new things (they lean to be influenced easily by other people), ambitions, athletic and robust. Bad Qualities: Vanity, jealous, tendency to be too competitive, often make big mistakes because of careless characteristic, vain, rude, arrogant, insensitive and ruthless

Type 0

There are about 24.64% of respondents that have O blood group type. The percentage of respondent that related or not related with those personalities mentioned is shown below

Closely related 40% Not/least related 60%

CONCLUSION 1. Most of the respondents understand about blood group and know their own blood group. The percentage of blood group that is highest is B blood group and the least one is AB blood group. 2. Most of respondents (UPSI students) dont know the connection between blood group and their personality. But, the percentage of knowing and have no knowledge about this is almost the same. 3. Most of respondents (UPSI students) have knowledge on Rhesus factor. REFERENCES 1. http://www.malaysianbabes.net/forum/topic/2534-does-your-blood-type-reveal-yourpersonality/ 2. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0877658.html 3. http://www.fitsugar.com/Blood-Type-Your-Personality-2620780 4. http://www.divinecaroline.com/32649/62479-blood-type-determine-personality 5. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080225200255AAr2BQR