PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN BERSAMA NEGERI SEMBILAN STPM 2011 ANSWER SCHEME PAPER1 (962/1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B B D D C C A D A A 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A C C A A C C C D D 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B D D B D D D C D A 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 A B C D D C A B B D 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 A B B A B C B B A C

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN BERSAMA NEGERI SEMBILAN STPM 2011 ANSWER SCHEME PAPER1 (962/1) NUMBER 1 ANSWER B EXPLANATION Number of proton = Number of electron = 17 Number of neutron = Nucleon number Number of proton = 35 17 = 18 The smaller the m/e , the larger the angle of deflection A B C D 3 D
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Y+ Y 2+ 38 Y+ 38 Y 2+
36

m/e = 36 m/e = 36 /2 = 18 m/e = 38 m/e = 38 /2 = 19

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X : 18 [ Ar ] 3d 8 4 s2 Y2+ ion has 28 electron since it is isoelectronic with X Y atom should have 30 electrons Y : 18 [ Ar ] 3d 10 4 s2 Y2+ : 18 [ Ar ] 3d 10

Visible light region involved transition of electron from higher energy level to n 2 ( energy level 2 ) = 400 nm involved n n 2 = 700 nm involved n 3 n 2 Line J involved energy level in between n and n 3 Physical properties for transition elements : High melting point, high boiling point, high density & good conductor Reason : Because of energy gap between 3d orbitals and 4s orbital is very small, and hence the electrons from 4s and 3d orbitals are available to become delocalized electron which contribute to strong metallic bond and very good electrical conductivity. The type of bond found in Caesium, Rubidium and Potassium is the metallic bond. The melting point lowers while descending Group 1 NH4+ has a tetrahedral shape with 4 bonding pairs whereas 1 of the bonding pair is a dative bond. SF4 has a see-saw shape with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair. XeF4 has a square planar shape with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pair. ICl4- has a square planar shape with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pair. 2

Rate of reaction(R) =k[P] Using (A) as the reference, the rates are A is R, B is R, C is R and D is 3/2 R H+ is consumed during the reaction (step 2 and 3). Hence, it cannot be a catalyst. D The presence of catalyst increase the rate of forward reaction and reverse reaction to the same amount, reduce the forward activation energy and reverse activation energy to the same extent, and hence it does not affect the equilibrium position and the composition of the equilibrium mixture. C Decreasing pressure favour the direction which can produce more gas particles, and thus position of equilibrium shift to the right. Hence, amount of PCl3 increases. B When T increases, Kp increases. Increasing temperature favour endothermic process so that heat is absorded to reduce the disturbance of increasing temperature. A Kp = Kc (RT)

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A A

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Kp =
7.83 atm = PF2/ 0.200 PF = 1.25 atm 1.25 atm of F atom come from dissociation of 0.625 atm of F2 molecule. Hence, originally there is (0.625 + 0.200) atm of F2 molecule. % of F2 dissociate = (0.625/0.825) x 100% = 75.8 %

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A B C D

Lewis Lewis Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis Arrhenius

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pH = - log[H+] 10.35 = - log[H+] [H+] = 10-10.35 [OH-] = 10-14/ 10-10.35 = 2.239 x 10-4 mol dm-3 Mg(OH)2 (s) Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp = [Mg2+][OH-]2 = (2.239 x 10-4 /2)( 2.239 x 10-4 )2 = 5.61 x 10-12 mol3 dm-9

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NH4Cl

NH4+ + ClOH 0.50 mol 0 NH3 + H2O 0.50 mol

NH4+ + Initial: 0.75 mol Final : 0.25 [NH4+ ] = 0.25/0.500 = 0.500 M

[NH3] = 0.50/0.500 = 1.00 M

pOH = pKb - lg [Base]/[Salt] = -lg1.8 x 10-5 - lg1.00/0.500 = 4.4437 pH = 14 - 4.443 = 9.56 15 A

mw (18 .0)( 99 .2) = 100 (169 .0)(1.8)

mw = 587 g 16 C X: Rf = 4.50/5.40 = 0.83 Y: Rf = 1.80/5.40 = 0.33 Z: Rf = 3.00/5.40 = 0.56 17 C (Isoleucine) (Taurine) (Alanine)

B 2Cr3+ + 3Ba 2Cr + 3Ba2+ e.m.f = -0.74 ( -2.90 ) = +2.16V A Co2+ + Ba Co + Ba2+ e.m.f = -0.28 ( - 2.90 ) = +2.62V C 2Co3+ + Ba Ba2+ + 2Co2+ e.m.f = +1.82 ( - 2.90 ) = +4.72V D 2Co3+ + Pb2+ + 2H2O 2Co2+ + PbO2 + 4H+ e.m.f = +1.82 ( + 1.47 ) = +0.35V 4

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Gas at anode is oxygen gas. Equation: 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e No of mole of oxygen gas =
112 22400

= 5 X 10-3 mol

From the above equation, 1 mole of oxygen gas produced by 4 F, hence 5 X 10-3 mole of oxygen gas required 19 D
4F F (5 10 3 ) = 1 50

Definition: The standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound is the enthalpy change when 1 mol of the compound is formed from its elements under standard condition. A 2H(g) + O2(g) H2O(g) Hydrogen gas must exist as molecule, H2 B CO(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) Carbon monoxide, CO is not an element. C 2N(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) Nitrogen gas must exist as molecule, N2 D 2C(s) + 3H2(g) C2H6(g)

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In the reaction between group 2 elements and water, the Group 2 elements act as reducing agents and reduce water to hydrogen . M + H2O M(OH)2 + H2 Group 2 elements are reducing agents via the following process : M M 2+ + 2e As the atomic size increases down the group , the ionization energy decreases and the ability to lose electrons (oxidizing power) increases. Hence, reactivity towards water increases. Be Reacts with steam at very high temperature Mg Slow with hot water, but fast with steam Ca Slow with cold water, but rapidly steam Sr and Ba React vigorously with cold water Going down Group 2, the thermal stability of the carbonate increases, the solubility of the carbonate increases, the solubility of sulphates decreases and the oxides become more basic in nature.

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Aluminium chloride can be prepared by action of aluminium with dry hydrogen chloride gas or dry chlorine gas. 2Al(s) + 6HCl (g) Al2Cl6 (s) + 3 H2 (g) 2Al(s) + Cl 2 (g) Al2Cl6 (s) The apparatus used in the preparation have to be dry to prevent the hydrolysis of Aluminium chloride. In the Friedel Crafts reaction , aluminium chloride acts as a lonepair electron acceptor (Lewis Acid) : Al2Cl6 + 2Cl 2 2AlCl4 - + 2 Cl + At room conditions, aluminium chloride exists as a dimmer so that the aluminium atoms achieve octet configuration. In the vapour state, aluminium chloride exists as discrete AlCl 3 molecules. Al2Cl6 (s) 2AlCl3 (g)

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D D B D

Carbon, being a Period 2 element, does not have empty d orbitals in its valence shell. PbCl4 (l) PbCl2 (s) + Cl2 (g) Nitrogen gas can only be prepared by using the method of fractional distillation of liquedfied air. Cl 2 > Br 2 > I 2 weaker oxidizing agent Cl - > Br - > I stronger reducing agent

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D D

The coordination number of cobalt in the complex is 6 A Lewis base : lone pair electron donor. Water acts as lone pair electron donor , hence it is a Lewis base. B Six ligands surround the central atom, hence its shape is octahedral C Bronsted Lowry acid : proton donor . Due to high charge density and hence high polarizing powerof Ti 3+ ion, O-H is weaker and [ Ti (H2O) 6 ] 3+ undergoes hydrolysis. D 22 Ti : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2 6

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Compound X shows both cis-trans and optical isomerism For the cis-isomer there are 2 optical isomers. For the trans isomer,there are also 2 optical isomers. Hence the total number of stereoisomers is 2+2 = 4. A is unlikely because the molecule is big with 8C atoms B is correct for aliphatic alcohols and acids. Phenolic OH groups react slowly with PCl5 C is wrong because the group present is not methyl carbonyl but a methyl amide CH3CONH D is correct.. Ethanoil chloride reacts with the phenylamine to give the amide acetaminophene I is an aliphatic alcohol and has the lowest acidity. II, III, IV are all phenols which are more acidic than alcohols. II is also a carboxylic acid is the strongest acid of all. IV is stronger acid than III. IV has an electron withdrawing group Cl which reduces the ve charge density on phenoxide ion and stabilises it. III is weaker because CH3 group is electron donating, increases ve charge density on phenoxide ion and destabilise it. P contains N and dissolves HCl readily => P is basic. P must be an amine. Q when heated with NaOH produces alkaline gas (NH3). Q must be a primary amide( CONH2). A is correct. A is incorrect. Since the bonds in polymer chain is amide and ester, both can be broken by hydrolysis with NaOH B is correct because all along the polymer chain is observed COO (ester bond) and CONH (amide bond). Hence the polymer is a polyamide and a polyester. C is incorrect. Only carbonyl compounds react with HCN. But the chain is ester and amide bond and not a carbonyl bond D is wrong. The first monomer is correct but the 2nd monomer should only have 2C not 4C. The repeat unit comes from a monomer that must have 2 different functional groups that can undergo condensation. C is correct because the acyl and hydroxyl group can condense to give the exact repeat unit. R must have a carbonyl group joined to CH3 group. B and D has this. But B is acidic because it is also a phenol while D is neutral because it is an alcohol. D is correct . 7

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D C A

Step 4 is incorrect. The compound formed should have the formula CH3CONHCH2CH3 and not CH3NHCOCH2CH3 To form a stable diazonium salt at 50C, aniline or phenylamine must be the reactant. Only C is phenylamine. The rest are not. CH3CH2COOH is carboxylic acid while CH3CH(NH2)COOH is an amino acid. An amino acid can exists as zwitter ions with strong ionic bonds between them. Hence the carboxylic acid is more volatile than the amino acid. B CH3CH2CH2CH3 is straight chain with a larger surface area. CH3CH(CH3)2 has a branch have a more spherical shape with smaller surface area. Will have lower boiling point because slightly weaker Van der waals forces and is more volatile C first molecule has the polar C=O bond; stronger van der waals forces. D first molecule is cis (more polar) has higher boiling point than trans. S is resistant to oxidation => 30 alcohol or acid. Reacts with Na to give mol H2 gas => S has only 1 OH group. Only C satisfies the above properties. One CFC molecule can destroys 100,000 molecules O3 is because there is a chain reaction where the free radicals Cl and ClO gets regenerated. B is the answer. Note O radicals are not generated in the chain reaction Haloalkane undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction with OHOnly 1 is correct. The higher the place , the lower the atmospheric pressure due to the low air density. The water boil when the water vapour pressure equivalent to the atmospheric pressure, thus boiling point drop. The unit of the rate constant for a first order is time-1. 1 2 3 HNO2 (aq) (Stronger oxidising agent than Sn4+) Fe3+ (aq) (Stronger oxidising agent than Sn4+) Fe2+ (aq) (Weaker oxidising agent than Sn4+)

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D A

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B B

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E = E (reduction) + E (oxidation) e.m.f. must be positive. 3+ 2+ 1. Co (aq) + Cr (aq) Co2+ (aq) + Cr3+ (aq) e.m.f. = (+1.81) + (+ 0.41) = + 2.22 (Feasible reaction) 2. Cr3+ (aq) + Ti2+ (aq) Cr2+ (aq) + Ti3+ (aq) e.m.f. = (-0.41) + (0.37) = - 0.04 (Not Feasible reaction) 3. Ti3+ (aq) + Co2+ (aq) Ti2+ (aq) + Co3+ (aq) e.m.f. = (-0.37) + (-1.81) = - 2.18 (Not Feasible reaction)

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1 Electron affinity of bromine is 342 kJ mol-1 Electron affinity of bromine = (280 -622) = - 342 kJ mol-1 2 The lattice energy of potassium bromide is 672 kJ mol-1 Lattice energy = (-392 280) = -672 kJ mol-1 3 The enthalpy change for the reaction Br2(g) 2Br(g) is 224 kJ Enthalpy of atomisation of bromine = 2(622 510) =+224 kJ mol-1 Both the oxides of phosphorus are covalent . Due to the bigger size of, and more electrons in P4O10 compared to P4O6 , the van der Waals forces between the P4O10 molecules are stronger. 1 2 3 NH 4 + ion : The lone pair electron on the N atom is used to form dative bond with H + . CH 3 NH 3 + ion : The lone pair electron on the N atom is used to form dative bond with H + . 2 NH3 + 2e 2 NH2 - + H2 : The lone pair electron on the N atom is not involved in the reaction.

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Step 1 is correct oxidation by hot KMnO4/H+ of side chain to COOH group. Step 2 is correct esterification reaction between COOH and CH3CH2OH. Step 3 is reduction but the reducing agent used is wrong. LiAlH4 cannot be used. The reducing agent to convert NO2 to NH2 is metallic Sn with conc HCl 1 is correct. Y has the structure CH3CH(OH) which gives yellow ppt with aqueous alkaline iodine. X does not have any structure that gives +ve result with this reagent.So 1 can distinguish between X and Y. 2. Both X and Y are phenols, so Br2(aq) will give +ve results with X and Y and so cannot distinguish between them 3. Acidified KMnO4 cannot distinguish because both X and Y has carbon side chains that can be oxidised. 1 is wrong. To give N2 gas with HNO2 must have NH2 group. 2 is correct because compound is a 30 amine which is basic. 3 is correct because compound contains a carbonyl C=O group. 9

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