11/27/2011

PSL 634: KEBIJAKAN & MANAJEMEN EKOWISATA Kuliah Minggu ke 11

KEY WORDS: Landscape Services ~ Environmental Services Watershed Management

LANDSCAPE SERVICES ON ECOTOURISM

Hadi Susilo Arifin PSL-SPs IPB
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INTRODUCTION
As a tropical country, Indonesia having wet tropical

WATERSHED ~ CATCHMENT AREA ~ WATER BASIN

Is an area of internal drainage, the size an shape of which is determined by surface topography. Is completely encircled by a divide or a ridge line. Precipitation falling on one side of the divide drains toward the outlet or mouth of the watershed on that side of the divide.

climate with high temperature and high humidity high biological productivity. Indonesia has highly diverse in its ecosystem such as that in its waters, beaches, low land areas, and higher up to the mountains in which the watershed area divide into units. Landscape ecology focuses on three characteristics of the landscape, i.e. structure, function and change. Bio-physically, the landscape structure in the upper stream differs significantly from that downstream. Ecologically, the upper stream and down stream areas are closely related in terms of material and energy flow.

FACTORS

MEDIUM
Climate

FORMS

FACTORS

MEDIUM Population
density mobility

FORMS

Geognostic Climatic
Vegetational

Land
surface

TIME

soil drainage mineral resources

NATURAL LANDSCAPE Culture TIME

Housing Natural Landscape

plan structure CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

Sea and coast Vegetation

Production Communication XX

FIG. THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE

FIG. THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

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PROBLEM
Landscape changes are serious matters due to changes in agricultural activities toward industrialization, urbanization, and commercial agricultural land. The landscape matrix is made more diverse as a consequence of the interaction between physical factors and human efforts to exploit and even overcome them. The form of this exploitation has changed over time to reflect social and technological change and the impact of occasional phenomena.
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Down stream

Sustainable Rural Landscape Development Integrated Rural Landscape Planning

Transformation of Rural Landscape Institutional Development Infrastructure Development People Participation

JAKARTA

* Flat area * High density of population * Dense settlements * Water/industrial pollution * Lack of greenery open space * Trading & services area

The Characteristics of Ciliwung Watershed

(Source: Environmental Analysis & Spatial Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry-IPB, 2002)

DEPOK

Middle stream
BOGOR DISTRICT

Landscape Ecological Studies on Sustainable Bio-resources Management LANDSCAPE SERVICES: Water Resources Management, Carbon Sequestration, Biodiversity Conservation, Landscape Beautification

BOGOR CITY

* Flat undulating area * High density of population * Settlements & new settlements * Industrial areas & pollution * Abandon lands * Agricultural farmlands * Land use changing

Watershed Based Ecological Development Programs

Upper Stream
BOGOR DISTRICT

FIG. RESEARCH PROJECT FRAMEWORK

* Hilly mountainous area * Poverty, low of land property right * Agricultural farmlands * Big plantation estates * Mineral water exploration * Forest & greenery open space

LAND EVALUATION OF PROTECTED AREA IN THE UPPER STREAM OF CILIWUNG WATERSHED

Physical factors: elevation, slope, soil, riparian, the main

ECOLOGICAL & INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES PROMOTING

People traditionally carried out agriculture and forestry in

of catchment area, the high ground movement. The results: protected area (84.1 %), and non-protected area (15.9 %). Present land cover classification in the upper stream of Ciliwung watershed, the ratio of forest and non-forest area is 37.4%: 62.6%. This means to cover the protected area which resulted from map of distribution of protected area (84.1%), these should be some efforts and activities such as revegetation, producing land use policies as well as law enforcement by the government.

which people made symbiotic use of ecological circulation in forest and water, and therefore in harmony with nature. system for bio-resource utilization, which is practiced within settlements. Rural Pekarangan contributes to maintenance of food for subsistence during economic crisis. Agroforestry, Agroforestry Landscapes. These system can conserve the environment. So the possibility of sustainability is warranted.

Homegarden (Pekarangan) is a multistory, circular

Agroforestry System: Complex Agroforestry, Simple

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COMPLEX AGROFORESTRY

RURAL PEKARANGAN SYSTEM

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TUMPANG SARI

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SIMPLE AGROFORESTRY

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K. Takeuchi

Local level component for landscape planning, agreements, management and monitoring
Localization: Participatory land use planning
Analytical modeling: potential, constraint, interactions, impacts, trade offs, priorities
Public Information for Policy: overall resource condition & use pattern

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE
RURAL UPLAND POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (RUPES)

Digitized local plan

Sub-basin GIS: provides information, consolidates plans

RS Land Use monitoring: transparency, accaountability

Negotiation: communities, local institution, watershed mgt. Network, government agencies, other stakeholders

Local WS monitoring & assessment

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ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 1

Many upland and mountain communities in Asia manage landscapes that provide environmental services to outside beneficiaries.

ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 2

The services they provide include clean and abundant water supplies from watersheds, biodiversity protection, stocks of carbon that may alleviate global warming and landscape beauty for recreation and tourism.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 3

However upland communities are not sharing in the benefits that these services provide. Rewarding the poor upland communities for providing environmental services would enhance their livelihoods and reduce poverty.

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CONNECTED WITH FOREST AND WATERSHEDS

Protection of biodiversity Maintenance of water flows and water quality Sequestration of carbon Landscape beauty and amenity

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PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Identification and assessment of environmental service

PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Support of a transparent and enabling environment at local, sub-national and national levels that will ensure that rewards are effective, equitable and sensitive to marginalized groups Raise the awareness of the potential for rewards for environmental services among government officials and the producers and consumers of these services

functions across a range of settings, and where and how these services are currently arranged Development and testing of a variety of reward mechanisms at specific sites across a range of settings

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PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Effective partnerships in accomplishing the programs purpose will be developed and managed Identification of appropriate and sustainable institutional approaches to foster transfer payment to the upland poor

THE CERTIFICATE: WE OFFER A PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATE IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT, WHICH IS AWARDED JOINTLY BY TIES AND THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (GWU). THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE GWU'S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TOURISM STUDIES, WHICH HAS PROVIDED PROFESSIONAL TOURISM EDUCATION FOR NEARLY TEN YEARS.

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ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT
Ecotourism has proven to be an economically viable

COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:

Understand the basic elements of ecotourism, the market

alternative for attracting tourism revenue without compromising local community values or degrading the environment. This course provides the tools needed by tourism planners, conservationists, businesses and communities to work together to develop ecotourism plans and products that will attract and accommodate the ecotourist while conserving natural resources and benefiting local people. Designed to help you understand the unique structure of the ecotourism industry, the course provides the most recent information on ecotourism marketing approaches and product development.

and market trends specialty markets business

Assess the potential of individual and group ecotourist Use green guidelines for operating a successful ecotourism Analyze and address the special needs of ecotourists and

local communities regional levels

Establish an ecotourism planning process at the local and Develop trip circuits and travel packages that are safe and

offer a wide variety of experiences adding value

Understand the vital role of interpretation and education in

ECOLODGE DEVELOPMENT
ecotourism continues to establish itself in the global economy,

COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:

Assess the market demand for ecolodge types and the

the demand for well-planned, environmentally sound lodging facilities is at an all time high. Ecolodges are the answer to this demand. Ecolodges enable the visitor to interact with the natural and cultural surroundings of the region. The facility is created with conservation as a top priority. Innovative water, waste and energy systems lessen impact and promote conservation while planning, construction and operation are carried out in harmony with the natural landscape. This course will help sustainable tourism specialists, investors, resort developers, architects and landscape architects assess the financial feasibility and market potential for an ecolodge. Market research results and trends in this industry will be reviewed in order to more accurately project costs and potential revenue, and determine whether an ecolodge venture is economically viable.

experiences they provide Estimate realistic cost projections/revenue potential and develop pricing strategies Find the best locations and evaluate site development opportunities and constraints Establish regional planning cooperation Develop a master plan to incorporate sustainable development and green guidelines into the project Benefit from the use of renewable energy technologies, and proper water and waste management Launch a successful ecolodge, including scheduling, budgeting, staffing, "soft" opening, vendor selection, public relations, transportation, and customer service

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR DESTINATIONS

This course focuses on sustainable tourism strategies and innovations, including Agenda 21 and the Green Globe Destination Program. It examines how destinations have improved competitiveness by creating environmentally friendly tourism products and services. The course emphasizes establishing policies and management plans to identify and reduce the environmental impact created by tourism facilities and services, and looks at how to create environmental management systems (EMS) with broad public/private support.

COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:

Identify consumer demand for environmentally friendly tourism Develop and maintain a unified environmentally sustainable

theme for your destination

Develop an EMS policy and strategy, situation analysis,

visioning, priority definition, gap analysis, and strategy formation Plan EMS implementation steps using environmental performance indicators and action plans Incorporate the EMS process into existing management regimes and design EMS training programs Review ongoing EMS and make adjustments to reflect failures, successes, and/or changing requirements

SAMPAI JUMPA DI MINGGU KE 12