Scientific Magazine PubUshed by Zagazig Pharmaceutical

Students' Scientific Association - First

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It's a great honour for IDe to be one of the best pfrarrnaceutfcaj students' team over 2S teams in Egypt, and this achievelDent had been done as each one of ZPSSA share others the SaIDevision, the SaIDeeffort, the SaIDesIDile and the same goal to develop our career and our society • That's why all of us get wonderful feeling when we hear the raarrae of

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such great team like zpssa team, I found the true meaning of friendship, I saw the world with different aspect, and I gain a great experience, in zpssa I learn how to work in team work, how to work with the message,how to serveyour community how to raise the pharmacy name. Finally I hope to be in touch with this great family because they are my family so I hope all people to join this family •

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A normal life with a non-traditional organization resulted In an ambitious personality This is a short story for every one In ZPSSA not Just an entity working under Islamic rule, but the place we belong. it is the place,where you can find the true Sincere advice , experience and the right place to direct your energy"
Elham f ath aUah Public reUtti.on.s chairper-

JOINING ZPSSA HAS CHANGED MY LIFE ,WE LEARN HOW TO LIVE ,HOW TO GIVE AND HOW TO SHARE GOOD THINGS WITH PEPOLE ,I HOPE TO CONTINUE OUR ROAD OF SUCCESS TO CONTRIBUTE IN CHANGING OTHERS LIFE
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In experiments where a further two genes were activated, the researchers have been able to produce dopamine brain cells, the type of cell which dies in Parkinson's disease. The research findings are therefore an important step towards the goal of producing nerve cells for transplant which originate from the patients themselves. The cells could also be used as disease models in research on various neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike older reprogramming methods, where skin ,cells are turned into pluripotent stem cells known as IPS cells, direct reprogramming means that the skin cells do not pass through the stem cell stage when they are converted into nerve cells. Skippingthe stem cell stage probablyeliminates the risk of tumors forming when the cells are transplanted. Stem cell research has long been hampered by the propensity of certain stem cellsto continueto divide and form tumors after being transplanted. Before the direct conversion technique can be used in clinical practice, more research is needed on how the new nerve cells survive and function in the brain. The vision for the future is that doctors will be able to produce the brain cells that a patient needs from a simple skin or hair sample. In addition it is presumed that specifically designed cells , originating from the patient would be accepted better by the body's immune system than transplanted cells from donor tissue. ,This is the big idea in the long run. We hope to be able to do a biopsy on a patient" make dopamine cells, for example, and then transplant them as a treatment for Parkinson's disease," says Malin Parmar, who is now continuing the research to develop more types of brain cells using the new technique. The researchers used a virus to insert four transcription factors into the genes of .the skin cell, reprogramming it back to an embryo-like state Because the virus is taken up by the new cell, there is a possibility it eventually could cause cancer, so therapies from reprogrammed skin cells will likely have to wait until new methods are perfected ~t~!

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A research breakthrough has proven that it is possible to reprogram mature cells from human skin directly into brain cells, without passing through the stem cell stage The unexpectedly simple technique involves activating three genes in the skin cells; genes which are already known to be active in the formation of brain cells at the fetal stage. The new technique avoids many of the ethical dilemmas that stem cell research has face For the first time, a research group at Lund University in Sweden has succeeded in creating specific types of nerve cells from human skin, by reprogramming connective tissue cells, called fibroblasts, directly into nerve cells,a new field has been opened up with the potential to take research on cell transplants to the next level The discovery represents a fundamental change in the view of the function and capacity of mature cells. By taking mature cells as their starting point instead of stem cells, the Lund researchers also avoid the ethical issues linked to research on embryonic stem cells. "This work could have important ramifications for patients and families who suffer at the hands of neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease," said Lennart Mucke, MD, who directs neurological research at Gladstone. Head of the research group Malin Parmar was surprised at how receptive the fibroblasts were to new instructions "We didn't really believe this would work, to begin with it was mostly just an interesting experiment to try. However, we soon saw that the cells were surprisingly receptive to instructions." The study, which was published in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, also shows that the skin cells can be directed to become certain types of nerve cells.

Stealth nanoparticles are already used successfully in clinical cancer treatment to deliver chemotherapy drugs. They are coated in a synthetic material such as polyethylene glycol that creates a protection layer to suppress the immune system so that the nanoparticle has time to deliver its payload. Zhang said today's stealth nanoparticle drug delivery vehicles can circulate in the body for hours compared to the minutes a nanoparticle might survive without this special coating A shift towards personalized medicine Using the body's own red blood cells marks a significant shift in focus and a major breakthrough in the field of personalized drug delivery research. Trying to mimic the most important properties of a red blood cell in a synthetic coating requires an in-depth biological understanding of how all the proteins and lipids function on the surface of a cell so that you know you are mimicking the right properties. Instead, Zhang's team is just taking the whole surface membrane from an actual red blood cell Using the body's own red blood cells marks a significant shift in focus and a major breakthrough in the field of personalized drug delivery research. Trying to mimic the most important properties of a red blood cell in a synthetic coating requires an in-depth biological understanding of how all the proteins and lipids function on the surface of a cell so that you know you are mimicking the right properties. Instead, Zhang's team is just taking the whole surface membrane from an actual red blood cell We approached this problem from an engineering point" ",of view and bypassed all of this fundamental biology said Zhang. "If the red blood cell has such a feature and we know that it has something to do with the membrane - although we don't fully understand exactly what is going on at the protein level -- we just take the whole membrane. You put the cloak on the nanoparticle, ".and the nanoparticle looks like a red blood cell Using nanoparticles to deliver drugs also reduces the hours it takes to slowly drip chemotherapy drug solutions through an intravenous line to just a few minutes for a single injection of nanoparticle drugs. This significantly improves the patient's .experience and compliance with the therapeutic plan The breakthroughcould lead to more personalizeddrug delivery wherein a small sample of a patient's own blood could pn~al~CI!I ,enoughof the essential membraneto disguise the nanOIDalrtlc:le reducing the risk of immune response to almost nothing. Zhang said one of the next steps is to develop an approach for large-scale manufacturing of these biomimetic nanoparticles for clinical use, which will be done through funding from the National Science Foundation. Researchers will also add a targeting molecule to the membrane that will enable the particle to seek and bind to cancer cells, and integrate the team's technology for loading drugs into the nanoparticle core so that multiple drugs can be delivered at the same time. Zhang said being able to deliver multiple drugs in a single nanoparticle is important because ,cancer cells can develop a resistance to drugs delivered individually. By combining them and giving the nanoparticle the ability to target cancer cells, the whole cocktail can be dropped like a bomb from within the cancer cell.

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Nanotechnology for drug delivery

Drug delivery is the ability to make sure that pharmacologically active substances arrives at a prevalent in vivo location while minimizing toxicity ,has become a central topic in pharmaceutical research and development. Achieving such a task requires that the problems presented by un desirable pharmacological properties such as low solubility or high lipophilicity are overcome using formulation technology. That candinant molecules have such properties not surprising, or even avoidable given the location that many biological targets in the body In order to properly describe the impact of nanotechnology on delivery of some drugs in the body ,some definitions are necessary. for the purpose of this article nanotechnology can defined as : science of small: the very small. it's the use and manipulation of matter at a tiny scale. At this size the tom and the molecule work differently. And providing a variety of surprising and interesting uses. One of the most interesting uses is : ( Nanoparticles Disguised as Red Blood Cells Will Deliver Cancer-Fighting Drugs) Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have developed a novel method of disguising nanoparticles as red blood cells, which will enable them to evade the body's immune system and deliver cancer-fighting drugs straight to a tumor. The method involves collecting the membrane from a red blood cell and wrapping it like a powerful camouflaging cloak around a biodegradable polymer nanoparticle stuffed with a cocktail of small molecule drugs. Nanoparticles are less than 100 nanometers in size, about the same size as a virus. This is the first work that combines the natural cell membranewith a synthetic nanoparticle" for drug delivery applications." said Liangfang Zhang, a nanoeningeering professor at .the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering and Moores UCSD Cancer Center ".This nanoparticle platform will have little risk of immune response" Researchers have been working for years on developing drug delivery systems that mimic the body's natural behavior for more effective drug delivery. That means creating vehicles such as nanoparticles that can live and circulate in the body for extended periods without being attacked by the immune system. Red blood cells live in the body for up to 180 days and, as such, are "nature's long-circulation delivery vehicle," said Zhang's student Che-Ming Hu,a UCSD Ph.D.candidate in bioengineering, and first author on the paper.

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Scientific Magazine Published by Zagazig Pharmaceutical

Students' Scientific Association - First

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