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12/1/2011 Ma. Cassandra Perez

I.

Basic Concepts of Transcultural Nursing A. Definition of Terms 1. Transcultural Nursing - is a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities (culture universal) and difference (culture-specific) across human groups (Leininger, 1991). 2. Culture - the studied, shared, and handed values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a certain group that directs their thinking, decisions, and actions in certain ways. 3. Culture Values - are derived from the culture and identity desirable ways f acting or knowing and serve to guide decision making for members of the culture in application of culturally congruent care. 4. Culturally diverse nursing care - indicates the variability of meaning, patterns, values or symbols of care that are culturally derived by humans for their well-being. 5. Cultural Awareness - it is an in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people. 6. Culturally Congruent Care - care that fits the people's valued life patterns and set of meanings -which is generated from the people themselves, rather than based on predetermined criteria. 7. Culturally Competent Care - is the ability of the practitioner to bridge cultural gaps in caring, work with cultural differences and enable clients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive caring. 8. Ethnocentrism - the perception that one's own way is best when viewing the world (Geiger & Davidhizar, 1991). Our perspective is the standard by which all other perspectives are measured and held to scrutiny. 9. Ethnic - refers to a group of people who share a common and distinctive culture and who are members of a specific group.

10. Race - the classification of people according to shared biologic characteristics, genetic markers, or features. Not all people of the same race have the same culture. 11. Ethnography - is the study of a culture. The methodological approach of ethnographic research central to the nurse's ability to develop a heightened awareness of culturally diverse needs of individuals. II. Major Concepts of Transcultural Nursing 1. Illness and wellness are shaped by a various factors including perception and coping skills, as well as the social level of the patient. 2. Cultural competence is an important component of nursing. 3. Culture influences all spheres of human life. It defines health, illness, and the search for relief from disease or distress. 4. Religious and Cultural knowledge is an important ingredient in health care. 5. The health concepts held by many cultural groups may result in people choosing not to seek modern medical treatment procedures. 6. Health care provider need to be flexible in the design of programs, policies, and services to meet the needs and concerns of the culturally diverse population, groups that are likely to be encountered. 7. Most cases of lay illness have multiple causalities and may require several different approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and cure including folk and Western medical interventions.. 8. The use of traditional or alternate models of health care delivery is widely varied and may come into conflict with Western models of health care practice. 9. Culture guides behaviour into acceptable ways for the people in a specific group as such culture originates and develops within the social structure through inter personal interactions. 10. For a nurse to successfully provide care for a client of a different cultural or ethnic to background, effective intercultural communication must take place.

III.

Importance of Transcultural Nursing As a legitimate and imperative field of study and practice that focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and healthillness caring practices to provide culturally congruent, safe and therapeutic care that is meaningful to people from culturally diverse backgrounds. One of the origins of this theory is the increasing multiculturalism around the globe. With so many diverse cultures, each of them having different conceptions and methods of care, it is important for nurses to expand the dimension of care they have traditionally has utilized.