Gender Statistics in Water Supply and Sanitation Projects

Can we standardize indicators for monitoring results?

Sunhwa Lee and Susann Roth

Categories of indicators
Economic empowerment
Increase employment and career opportunities for women in the WSS/urban dev sector Improved working environment and conditions for men and women

Participation in decision-making

Improved well-being

Women empowered as informed consumers Women to provide feedback on service provision Women included in decision making position in water /urban dev sector

Improved living conditions

Decreased water borne diseases

What is truly treasured is measured.

Carolyn Hannan, Director, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW).

Where does data come from?

Data source Censuses Surveys Living standard survey What data is collected Source of water supply* Distance in km to water supply (HH level)

Source of water supply, tariff paid for water, quality of water supply, distance to water supply, who collects water (by sex) (HH or individual levels) Source of water supply; incidence of water-borne diseases (usually disaggregated by sex/age) Time spent to fetch water
Water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases; consumers provided with water supply/sanitation, HR data

Demographic and health survey (DHS)

Time use survey Administrative records (e.g., education, health)

09:25-12:10WAIT TAIPEI (TPE)2H 45M 12:10-15:35FLIGHT KE692 (KOREAN AIR) TAIPEI (TPE)- SEOUL (ICN)2H 25M

Why sex-disaggregated data?

Male

Pregnant female

Baby

Can we standardize gender outcome indicators for WSS/Urban Dev sector

Census, Admin. records Outcome indicators Sector dev. level

Surveys, Admin. records

Output indicators

Project level

Surveys

GAP indicators

GAP level

Improving results through better indicators

Impact level

Gender Equality

Outcome level

Economic empowerment
No of women having new income generating opportunities through the project increased from x to x by 2015

Participation in decision-making
No. of women in decision making positions increased from x to x by 2015 All complaints from women consumers addressed No of women participate in water user groups increased from 0 to x No of women involved in monitoring service quality increased from 0 to x

Improved well-being
Time reduced for fetching water from x hours to x hours per months Time reduced from x to x hours per month to take care of sick family members No of women attend hygiene awareness campaign conducted No of of women as hygiene champions trained

Output level

Input level GAP indicators

100% of women employees trained for operating the 24 hour customer care hotline 50% of staff of customer care service are women No of women retained increased from x to x

What are SMART Indicators?

Specific relate to the results the project seeks to achieve

Measurable stated in quantifiable terms

Achievable realistic in what is to be achieved Relevant useful for management information purposes Time-bound stated with target dates.

DMF of WSS project in Azerbaijan

Design Summary Impact Improved water supply and sanitation services in the urban centers of Agdash, Beylagan, Goychay and Nakhchivan Performance Targets and/or Indicators By the end of Tranche 2 plus three years (2020): (i) Pressurized water supplied for 24 hours daily (ii) Nonrevenue water less than 20% (iii)Residual chlorine at tail ends of water supply system maintained at 0.20.4 parts per million (iv)Sewage pumps operating daily and discharging sewage to the treatment plant (v) Effluent from the sewage treatment plant meets Azerbaijan effluent discharge standards Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Sex-disaggregated baseline survey conducted at Investment Program inception in tranche 1 (2012) and completion (2016) and annually thereafter. Surveys conducted as a part of PPMS and by the executing agencies (Azersu and SAWMC) Assumptions and Risks Assumptions The Government provides an enabling investment climate Government provides adequate incentives to ensure Sukanals and JSCs provide efficient service delivery Risks Insufficient viability gap funding from the government to the executing agencies, to ensure financially sustainable service delivery

Design Summary Outcome Improved access to water supply and sanitation infrastructure in Agdash, Beylagan, Goychay and Nakhchivan

Performance Targets and/or Indicators By end of Tranche 2 (2017): (i) Residents access to sanitation facilities increased from 36% in 2011 to 90% by 2017
(including 100% female headed households)

Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks Risks Substantial variance between the bid prices and engineers estimate.

Executing Agency (Azersu and SAWMC) Annual Reports Governments inability to and audited statements protect the environment and natural resources Project component from unregulated completion and discharge of untreated commissioning certificates sewage into water bodies provided by investment program construction supervision consultant

(ii)Residents access to 24-hour potable water supply increased from 57% in 2011 to 90% by 2017
(including 100% female headed households)

Outputs WSS Infrastructure Development Water supply system efficiency improved through rehabilitation and replacement, and coverage expanded

By 2017:

(i) 460 km of distribution networks constructed (ii) 7000cum of storage reservoirs constructed
(iii) 100% female Headed households have access to 24-hour potable water supply

Semiannual progress reports prepared by Azersu and SAWMC Disbursement and reimbursement records maintained by Azersu and SAWMC PPMS reports prepared by Azersu and SAWMC Azersu and SAWMC annual work plans As-built drawings developed by contractors Project component completion and commissioning certificates provided by investment program construction supervision consultant

Assumption Ongoing internationally financed projects are efficiently implemented. Risk The cost of construction materials suddenly increases.

Sewerage and sanitation system efficiency improved through rehabilitation and reconstruction, and coverage expanded

(i) 424 km of sewer lines constructed (ii) Sewage treatment plants constructed to treat and safely discharge 83 MLD of sewage (iii) Separate sanitation and hygiene facilities for boys and girls in 15 public school constructed (2017)

Institutional Effectiveness Management information system developed

By 2017: (i) Human resource database maintained by Azersu and SAWMC for human resource management (Sex-disaggregated) (ii) Women in 30% of key management staff positions in Sukanals and JSCs (iii) Sukanals and JSCs staff trained in financial management and accounting (30% of them women) (v) Women comprise 30% of customer care unit staff in project towns and inform, educate, and communicate on water, hygiene, and sanitation
(i) Sex-disaggregated customer database maintained by Azersu, SAWMC, Sukanals, and JSCs to develop targeted marketing campaigns for households headed by women (ii) Public awareness program targeting teachers and children as hygiene and sanitation advocates rolled out in project towns

Semiannual progress reports prepared by Azersu and SAWMC Azersu and SAWMC annual work plans

Management capacity of Sukanals and JSCs enhanced

Program Management Facility Public awareness program effectively implemented through schools by targeting teachers and children

Semiannual progress reports prepared by Azersu and SAWMC PPMS reports prepared by Azersu and SAWMC Azersu and SAWMC annual work plans

Assumptio n NGOs are actively involved in educating beneficiari es on project benefits.

Earlier I was waiting for water and could not go to work. Now I go to work and the water is waiting for me. (Beneficiary in DMC)

DMF of WSS project in Timor-Leste

Design Summary Impact More people enjoy improved supply of drinking water in Timor-Leste. Performance Targets and/or Indicators Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks

Urban population with access to improved drinking water increased to 95% (2010 baseline: 91%) Urban households with adult females (above 15 years) fetching water reduced to 10% by 2015 (20102011 baseline: 13%)

NDWSS records Government living standards population survey

Assumption Data from the government living standards population survey is reliable. Risks No major social unrest disrupts the ongoing development process. Lack of sufficient resources to NDWSS for O&M of urban water supply systems

Design Summary

Performance Targets and/or Indicators

Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms

Assumptions and Risks

Outcome NDWSS provides safe and reliable water supply to district capitals Manatuto and Pante Macasar.

Water supply systems of Manatuto and Pante Macasar function 24hours per day by 2016 (2010 baseline: 2 hours per day) 99% of water quality tests meeting water safety plan standards by 2016 (2010 baseline: zero)

Less than 20% of women spend more than 2 hours per day collecting and treating water by 2016 (from 53% in Pante Macasar and 61% in Manatuto)

Asumption National government's DDWSS structure continues to connection support the role of records DDWSS staff in the districts. MOH and NDWSS After project records completion, the government provides Baseline survey sufficient financial and to be repeated in human resources for O&M of Manatuto and 2016 Pante Macasar water supply systems. Households are willing to connect to the system.

Outputs

1. NDWSS rehabilitates and expands Manatuto and Pante Macasar water supply systems.

By 2016: 2,652 new households connected to the system 208.32 cubic meters of water per hour pumped into the system

NDWSS and DDWSS management records NDWSS and DDWSS management records NDWSS and DDWSS management records

30% of employed in labor intensive works are women 2. Households in Manatuto and Pante Macasar have increased knowledge of efficient use of water resources and safe hygiene practices.

Assumption The district government structure is stable with limited changes or transfer of staff to other positions or to other districts. Risk Delays in the provision of counterpart funding Assumption Households are willing to engage in behavior change promotion activities.

By 2016, 80% of households washing Baseline survey to be hands at critical times (2011 baseline: 20%) repeated in 2016 By 2016, 80% of households using 60 150 liters of water per person per day (2011 baseline: 26%) Cases of diarrhea in children under 5 in 2 weeks prior to survey in Manatuto and Pante Macasar reduced from 12% in Manatuto in 2011 to 7% in 2016, and from 17% in Pante Macasar in 2011 to 9% in 2016 NDWSS and DDWSS management records NDWSS and DDWSS management records Baseline survey to be repeated in 2016

More than 50% of trainers and beneficiaries of hygiene awareness campaign are women

By 2016: 3. Sustainable O&M of water systems all system connections are practiced by DDWSS in metered and illegal connections are reduced to 5% district capitals. 70% of households pay water bills within 30 day of receiving them system technical losses are less than 40%

DDWSS records and project monitoring reports DDWSS billing records DDWSS water system audits DDWSS management records

Assumption O&M and cost recovery systems are in place by 2016. Trained personnel are not transferred to other locations.

at least 30% of trainees in water supply and sanitation are women

4. Sustainably secured water resources in Lehumo Lake. Lake area stays at more than 0.35 square kilometers year round 15,000 trees are successfully planted in Reman Gully by 2013 At least 30% of people employed in labor-intensive work are women Google satellite photograph of lake Google satellite photograph of area NDRBFC management records Assumptions Members of vulnerable households are able to participate in construction. Civil works can be completed within 1 dry season. Rainfall patterns do not change substantially during project implementation.

5. Executing and implementing agencies provide efficient project management and monitoring services.

90% of scheduled project reports submitted on time and to standard Project is implemented on budget and on time At least 30% of members of each local coordinating committee are women

DDWSS and NDRBFC management records MOI management records DDWSS and NDRBFC management records

Risks Lack of strong project coordination among NDWSS, DDWSS, and beneficiaries Lack of capacity in government agencies to implement and coordinate the project

Examples of SMART gender indicators in WSS sector

1 hour exercise on gender indicators in small groups

THANK YOU!