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Wire terminations are considered sources of ignition for Division 1 products. An explosionproof enclosure for the contact block is required.
Under the Zone system, wire terminations are not considered an ignition source if they are rated as Ex-e or increased safety. If the contact block is rated flameproof with increased safety terminals, the switch can be housed in an increased safety housing, e.g. a non metallic enclosure that has a suitable construction and an IP rating to protect against moisture and dusts.
The Division 1 control station has a metallic enclosure. The Zone 1 version has a non-metallic enclosure.
Determining which system is safer, less expensive or easier to install is very difficultsomewhat like comparing the metric and US systems of measurement. Each application has its own merits and depends on user preference, as well as how the areas are classified, and the wiring systems used in the facility. At the present time North American users have the advantage of being able to use either type of product in Division 2.
Under the Division 1 system, wire terminations are considered ignition sources. If volatile gases and air accumulate inside an explosionproof enclosure and are ignited by the spark from a wiring fault on the terminals, the enclosure must contain the explosion. As the hot gases escape the enclosure by passing across a flat or threaded or serrated joint, they cool so they can no longer ignite gaseous mixtures in the hazardous area. In a Division 1 area, the contact block must be housed inside an explosionproof enclosure rated for the area.
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Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex Digest Selection, Installation and Wiring of Ex Certified Electrical Equipment
Equipment listed and marked for use in Class I, Zone 0, 1, or 2 locations shall be permitted in Class I, Division 2 locations for the same gas and with a suitable temperature rating.
Cooper Crouse-Hinds has received UL and cUL approvals on all explosion protected equipment manufactured by Cooper Crouse-Hinds CEAG in Europe. This product line, called SpecOne, is made out of either metal or plastic which will accommodate either cable or conduit installation methods. The SpecOne products include fluorescent lighting, control stations and panels, power distribution panels, terminal boxes, plugs and receptacles and disconnect switches.
While there are still many differences between the standards and installation practices in North America and Europe, not to mention others in Latin America, Japan, Australia and South Africa, the gaps are narrowing. The main differences are: Local safety and fire codes for ordinary locations. No direct correlation between Class/Divisions and Zone classification. Different wiring methods for conduits and cables. Cable entry hole threads, NPT versus metric openings. Gas Groupings are different. Conductor cross sectional areas and current ratings. Nonacceptance of the Increased Safety concept in Class 1 Division 1 Hazardous Locations. (Connections & terminations are still considered sources of ignition.) These differences define the way equipment is selected, installed and maintained and must be taken account of when projects are designed.
Two entrepreneurs from Syracuse, N.Y., Jesse L. Hinds and Huntington B. Crouse, made outlet boxes for the new conduit wiring systems. They coined the term condulet, which was a combination of conduit and outlet box as seen in an early advertisement.
Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex Digest Selection, Installation and Wiring of Ex Certified Electrical Equipment
In the 1920s when oil refineries were being constructed, there was a new need for outlet boxes, fittings and fixtures which would prevent electrical sparks and heat generating products from causing explosions. The industry came up with the concept of Division 1 to define these locations where volatile gases would be present.
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Mr. Crouse and Mr. Hinds engineered and manufactured explosionproof products for the oil and gas industry.
In the 1980s Canadian industry readily adopted the use of TECK cable which is similar to metal clad cable except with an extra PVC jacket. Now the industries with Hazardous Locations use a variety of wiring methods ranging from rigid conduit to various types of cable.
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Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex Digest Selection, Installation and Wiring of Ex Certified Electrical Equipment 6.5.3.4 NON-ARMORED CABLE
This cable is similar to tray or SO-type cable and normally contains a ground conductor or earth core. Since the cable is not considered a source of ignition, under the Zone concept the cable does not require its own mechanical protection. The protection is usually provided by open conduit or other cabletray type protection called a cage or mounting grid. This method, which is used in France, Germany, Italy and parts of Africa and Asia, can be very flexible, fast and economical. If the installation is subject to mechanical risks, it is advisable to use armored cable or an open conduit system. Most exposed vertical cables are housed in open conduits or pipes to avoid mechanical abuse.
Crouse-Hinds offers brass, stainless steel, steel and and nonmetallic cable glands for any type of cable or thread.
Cooper Crouse-Hinds non-metallic mounting plate on mounting grid offers a quick installation method of control stations and switches.
Table 6.1 Typical Cable Systems by World Region AREA Canada North America Central Europe Germany Europe offshore Ireland, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Spain Italy, Belgium Middle East
Crouse-Hinds NCG non metallic cable glands are offered with NPT or metric males threads for tray and other flexible cables.
(Saudi Arabia & Kuwait)
CABLE TYPE TECK Metal Clad Aluminum Unarmored Cable Steel Wire Braid Steel Wire Armor Unarmored Cable Steel Wire Armor Unarmored Cable Steel Wire Armor Unarmored Cable Steel Wire Armor Unarmored Cable Steel Wire Armor Unarmored Cable
Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex Digest Selection, Installation and Wiring of Ex Certified Electrical Equipment
The use of twist-on connectors, known as wire nuts or marets, is not allowed in Europe as increased safety terminals. The Ex-e push in connectors are a major advantage for OEMs, and for installation of lighting circuits.
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The connection of wires to terminals is most commonly made via DIN rail mounted terminals. The underlying design principle for terminals is a pressure plate contact with the conductor and an antivibration locking feature to prevent self loosening for the connected conductors. Other types of reliable certified terminals include saddle clamps, slotted type clamps (often used for lighting circuit terminations) and screwless cage clamp terminals.
Cooper Crouse-Hinds pioneered the first Ex-e wire nuts which offer major advantage for OEMs, and for installation of lighting circuits.
Under IEC installation methods it is permitted to combine two or more wires in a compressiontype terminal provided that the terminal is designed for that purpose, such as the Cooper Crouse-Hinds eAZK enclosures with Ex-e U-slot terminals.
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Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex Digest Selection, Installation and Wiring of Ex Certified Electrical Equipment
Ex-e blanking plugs are required to fill in threaded openings for IP protection as seen on the Cooper Crouse-Hinds GHG 74 Series Ex-e Enclosures.
Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex Digest Selection, Installation and Wiring of Ex Certified Electrical Equipment
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Typical installation of Zone 1 Myers hubs glands into a Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ex-e stainless steel enclosure.
Do not use brass glands in aluminum housings, which will result in corrosion. Use nickel plated glands.
Seal for IP Protection Trumpet glands (on handset) are used on portable equipment when support for the cable is not practical or if there are extensive tensile or torsional forces.