The International Rice Research Institute Annual Report 1966‘Minerals grasped from the earth, and carbon from the air, are converted by the rice plant into food for people. The plant transforms inorganic elements into edible substance; its ‘ruit is one of the great sources of energy for mankind, and ‘for more than half the human race the quality of life, and indeed life itself, is dependent on its abundance or scarcity. The rice scientist aspires to make the rice lands of the world produce more grain. The plants must function at top efficiency and make productive use of the available sunlight the roots must not seek in vain for what they need from the soil; the depredations of pests and disease must not deprive ‘man of his harvest The International Rice Research Institute is a joint venture by The Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation in cooperation with the Government of the Philippines. It was incorporated in 1960 and dedicated in 1962 when the research program began. This annual report, the fifth to be issued by the Institute, presents a detailed account of the work done in 1966, in the hhope that the findings will be extended and developed and thus contribute to increased rice production throughout the world.The International Rice Research Institute Annual Report 1966 Los Baiios, Laguna, Philippines, 1967 Mail Address and City Office: IRRI, Manila Hotel, Manila Cable Address: RicefoundContents Board of Trustees .. Deeeeeeeereeraneeae 6 Personnel ...... 7 Crop Weather — 1966 9 Director's Introduction nl Plant Physiology ...... foe 15 Biochemistry 35 Cereal Chemistry... 47 Varietal Improvement. cee cee 59 Plant Pathology ener) Soil Chemistry . cee 105 Soil Microbiology 19 ‘Agronomy 133 Entomology ..2..00000ccecceeeecees : 19 Agricultural Engineering ......00..0cccseceeveveeeee 217 Agricultural Economics : 229 Statistics ...... vo ittt tee eeeeees 2-251 Experimental Farm 267 Office of Communication 21 Library and Documentation Center . International Activities. cocitesteteees . Publications and Seminars 299Board of Trustees DR. FORREST F. HILL, chairman Constant, Te Ford Foundation, USA DR. RALPH W. CUMMINGS "il Director, Indian Agrcltural Progra, The Recker Foundation, In DR. ROBERT F. CHANDLER, JR. DR. SALA DASANANDA. Director gene Rice Department, Minty of Apscultie, Tad MR. FERNANDO E. LOPEZ ‘Scodan, Depurtnent of Apcl nd Natal Resour, Pips MR. P. THAPAR ‘Vice Chanel, Poin Agricul Uninet, Psa, nia DR. N. PARTHASARATHY Regional Ric Spat, Food an Ape Orpaniation, Than DR. YOSHIAKI ISHIZUKA Facly of Aglare, Hotkaso University, Japan DR. CARLOS P, ROMULO President, Univesity of the Philipines, and Secretary, Department of Eden, Philipines DR. JUAN SALCEDO, JR ‘Chaim, National Scioce Development Boas Philipines DR. GLAUCO VIEGAS Ditctorpnera, Iai Agronomic, Serer da Agia do Estado Ge Suo Pa, Bail,Personnel Administration ROBERT F. CHANDLER, JR. Po. D. Diestor 'N.COLIN MeCLUNG, PD. Asitnt Dect JOSE D. DRILON, JR. BA. BUM. Excte Ofer FAUSTINO M.SALACUP, BSBA, CPA. Tresurer ZOSIMOQ PIZARRO, LLB. AdmiasativeAsoeate PEDROG. BANZON, LLiBy Adminietve Asstt Plant Physiology AKIRA TANAKA, D Ag. Pat Phsoogs® SHICHI YOSHIDA, D Agr Pst Paysnogstt Physlogst SYLVINANAVASERO, MS. Assistant Plat Physoioas ‘CONSOLACION V. GARCIA, MS. Research Assan FRANCISCO T PARAO, BSA, Rowareh Asta ROBERTO A LILIS. BSA. Resarch Ade EMERITO A RAMIREZ BS.A, Research Ase Chemistry YASUO NATORI, Ph.D, Biochemist™ BIENVENIDO 0, JULIANO, PhD, Ascite Chemist SHOHEL ASO, PLD. Vasting Seti SHIGEO RASHIWAMATA. PhD Vsing Scietist ‘AURORA R DEL ROSARIO, MS. Assistant Chemst [UREA N. ALMAZAN, BS. Chom, Reeteh Assan VIVIAN P BRIONES, BS. Chem. Resarch Aus CYNTHIA C:IGNACIO, BS. Chem, Renarcs Aan RAQUEL D. MAYO, MS Resch Assstant VICTORIA M. PANGANIBAN, BS. Chem, Rezrch NIDA M. VELASQUEZ MS. Rewarsh Assistant AMANDA. VIDAL, BS. Chom, Retr Asta Varietal Improvement PETER R. JENNINGS, PhD, Plant Breer HENRY M. BEACHELL, MS, Pla Breer BEN R JACKSON, PhD, Vsting Sets RODOLAO C AQUINO, MS. Reve Asstt RIZAL HERRERA, BSA, Resch Assan JOSE C DE JESUS, JR, BSA, Remarch Asstt GENOVEVA.C LORESTO, BSA, Retarch Assia TUCILAC PARIAL. 85. Chem. Reserh Assan OSCAR'O. TAGUMPAY, BSA. Rewareh Ait LIWAYWAY M-ENGLE, BSA. Rear Ait NORMITA M.MANAHAN, BSA. Research Aide CARMEN Mt PAULE, BSA. Resch Aide Plant Pathology SHU-HUANG OU, Ph.D, Pant Pathologie KEH CHI LING, Pub, Asocate Plant abolgt CCELESTINO T: RIVERA, MS, Asstt Voogit FAUSTO L. NUQUE, MS Assitnt Pant Putbaopst PRISCILLA ©. SANCHEZ, M.S, Research Asian MANUEL K: PALOMAR, BSA” Resch Assit JOSELITO P SILVA, BSA. Research Asian SONIA P-EBRON, 8S. Toc, Labornor Ade Soil Chemistry FELIX N. PONNAMPERUMA, PhD, Soil Chemist RUBY U. CASTRO, BS, Chom, Research Assistant TERESITA A. LOY, BS. Clem, Roearch Asstt ESTRELLA M. TIANCO, BS. Chem, Reeuch LZENAIDA M. CANLAS, BS. Chem, Research Assistant CARMEN M. VALENCIA, BS: Chom Engrs MS. Phys Chim, Rete Assistant Soil Microbiology TANG. MACRAE, Ph.D, Soll Microbiol ELLEN M, BAUTISTA, AS, Aslan Sa Agronomy JAMES C. MOOMAW, PhD. Agtonomis RICHARD 8, BRADFIELD, Ph.D. Apronomit FRANCISCO L. VALBUENA, BSA Asistant RUBENS. DAYRIT, BS.A, Rewarch Avstant CCARMELITA P. MAGNAYE, BS. Chem, Resch VIRGILIO P. NOVERO, BS.A., Research Anita SERVILLANO M. BALAOING, BS.A., Research Aite Entomology MANO D. PATHAK, PhD. Entomologist FAUSTOL ANDRES, BSA, Resch Asian CGERARDO BAQUINO, BSA, Resch Assan JOSE CALDERON, BSA, Resch Asan NATIVIDAD B.GALACGAG. BSA, ReveSUSAN HIZON, BS. Chem, Resch Asia [EDWINS, RAROS,BS.A, Reseach Assstast (CARLOS R. VEGA, BSA Research Asstt Agricultural Engineering LOYD JOHNSON, MS, Agratarl Engine STANLEY JOHNSON, PhD. Apical Beonomis EMILIO 0: CASEM, MS.,Aistant Aastra ANTEROS, MANALO, BS.A, Resarch Asta, RODOLPO D. REYES, BSA. Resch Asis ELISEO L. RUIZ, BS.A, Resch Ae FBLICIANO C-JALOTIOT. Deftoman Agricultural Economies RANDOLPH BARKER, Ph.D Apical Beonomst YASUMITSUIENAGA, Ph D, VstingSenis™ ERNESTO C. VENEGAS. BS.A. Resarc Assitant BEN HURL AGUILA, B.A, Remarc Aise Statistis BURTON. ONATE, PRD. Sutisican FABIAN. ESPIRITU, BSA, Research Asitant ROSALINDA ALICAUSAN, BSA, Sat Ae FLORENCIO A. ARICA. JR BS. eon, Sasi Byperimental Farm FEDERICO V. RAMOS, MS, Anocte Agronomist, nd Farm Soperistenot ORLANDO G. SANTOS, BSA, Asstant Fart Sopenntenien ROBERTO T- BANTILAN, BSA, Resch Ase JUAN M.LAPIZ,BS.A, Research Aide FILOMENO 0. LANTING. BSA. Reseach Ai FERNANDO OCAMPO, BSCE, Assan Ase ‘Communication FRANCIS C BYRNES, P.D, Communication Speci ‘Speciist . E.ATIACRSON, B.A Sch Edtor ARTHUR A. MUKA, PRD. Viking Scinti® [FRANCISCO D. GORREZ, IR, B.A, Rice Production RAMIROC. CABRERA, BFA, Graphic Designer CORAZON V. MENDOZA. Lit’. Eatoral Assan INOCENCIO C BOLO, S.A, Reach Asstt EUSTACIO U. RAMIREZ, BSA, Resch Assistant ROMEOS NECESARIO.BSA-Resarch Asian, ARNULFO.C DEL ROSARIO, BSA Artis-hstator FEDERICO MGATMATTAN JR Artneator EEDITOS. RUFON, MulUith Operior CECILIOL PALACPAC IR, Asstt Moth FELICIANOJ. TOYHACAO, Anse Photographer ANTONIO O. VALENCIA, Actas Potopiper Library and Documentarion Center LINA D. MANALO, MS. Librarian GLORIA S. QUIROS, AB, BSL, Caslog Librarian MILAGROS C. ZAMORA, MS. Bidoprapber ADELINA D. FERRER, BS inderer Librarian MILA C- MEDINA, 8.18, Ore Libaran [GREGORIO A. ARDALES, Binder SUKYU CHO, D. Agr, Transat (in Sapa) ETSUKO TAKEYOSHIL BA. Biiograpt: (in Japan) Food and Dormitory Services REBECCA C. PASCUAL, MS. Manger ESTER P. NOVERO, BS. Home Teh, He ‘Sopenizor ESPERANZA A. ENRIQUEZ, Matron ESTELA G. DIVINAGRACIA, BS. Nutrition, Food ‘operon VIOLETAC MERCADO, BS.EN., Food Supers [NENITA'E QUUANO, BSN, Food Superior ‘Buildings and Grounds HERMENEGILDO G. NAVARRO, BS.ME Supeitenen of rope VICTOR T ARANEZ, Assan othe Superintendent EDUARDO, VILLASANTA, BSCE, Aste a Su, SupeitendentCrop Weather —1966* Fg. Annual anal cure (point moving average) fr (Coleg Los Buon, Laguna. “The weather during the 1966 crop year has been relatively normal, having some favorable and a few unfavorable deviations from recent aver- ages. Figures | and show the curves for rainfall, land solar radiation for the College, Laguna station, about 700m from the Insitute buildings, ‘The amount of total rainfall for the year was exactly normal butthe distribution wasirreguar ‘Through November 1, 1966 rainfall amounted, ig 2 Annual solerradatoncure(Spontmoving serge) for Cole Los Bas, Lag, 10 1,658 mm compared with 1,51 for the 7-year ‘mean. The monsoon began early however, and ‘rains in the first week of May compensated for two distinct dry periods in early August and carly September. The water deficiency in the ‘main growing. season was not suflicient to damage the rainfed ice crop but the dry period in early September was disastrous for early stings of upland rice which were filing at this time. Higher than normal rainfall in early "November wasaccompanied by theonly typhoon fof the season and this adversely affected late varieties in the main crop. The dry period in September and the relatively dry October favored harvest and maturation ofthe principal experiments Dry periods favored land prepara- tion fora numberof upland rotation crops. Tn spite of the lower than average rainfall, uring the main season, solar radiation values ‘were aso slightly lower than normal. The rela- tively dry September and October months were ‘not accompanied by correspondingly higher solar energy totals for the period and were actually about 19 percent below normal. This Tactor wasa serious deterent to achievement of| high yields io the main wet-season rie crop.