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-6H
2
0
ZnSO
4
.H
2
O
300c
-H
2
O
ZnSO
4
800c
ZnO + SO
2
+O
2
c. Reaction with gives Barrium Sulphide Lithophone which is used
as white paint.
ZnSO
4
+ BaS - ZnS + BaSO
4
(Lithopene)
d. Reaction with alkali gives salt.
NaOH + ZnSO
4
- Zn(OH)
2
+ NaSO
4
Zn(OH)
2
+ NaOH - Na
2
ZnO
2
+ H
2
O
e. Equal concentration of Zinc Sulphate, Potassium Sulphate gives
double salt.
K
2
SO
4
+ZnSO
4
+H
2
O-K
2
SO
4
.ZnSO
4
.6H
2
O
(Double salt)
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Uses:
a. It is used as white paint.
b. It is also used as eye lotion.
c. It is also used as electrolyte during electroplating.
d. It is also used to make alloy.
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Write the chemistry of Calomel/Mercurous chloride (Hg
2
Cl
2
)
Preparation:
a. It is prepared by heating mercuric chloride with mercury.
HgCl
2
+Hg- Hg
2
Cl
2
b. It is also prepared by the reaction of mercuric chloride with
stannous chloride.
2HgCl
2
+SnCl
2
- Hg
2
Cl
2
+SnCl
4
Properties:
a. It is white powder insoluble in water but soluble in chlorine
water to give corrosive sublimate.
Hg
2
Cl
2
+Cl
2
-2HgCl
2
b. When it is heated strongly, it decomposes to give Hg and HgCl
2
.
Hg
2
Cl
2
-Hg+ HgCl
2
c. It reacts with Aquaregia to give mercuric chloride.
3HCl+HNO
3
+HgCl
2
-HgCl
2
+NoCl+H
2
O
d. It reacts with ammonia by changing it into black.
Uses:
a. It is used to make standard calomel electrode.
b. It is used as medicine.
Page 9
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Write chemistry of Corrosive sublimate (HgCl
2
)
Preparation:
It is prepared by passing dry chlorine over heated mercury.
Hg+Cl
2
-HgCl
2
a. It is also prepared by heating calomel.
Hg
2
Cl
2
-HgCl
2
+Hg
b. It is also prepared by the reaction of mercuric sulphate with
NaCl in presence of MnO
2
as catalyst.
HgSO
4
+NaCl
Mn0
2
HgCl
2
+Na
2
SO
4
Properties:
a. It is white needle shape solid soluble in water.
b. It is extremely poisonous and may cause death.
c. It reacts with stannous chloride to give calomel and on further
reaction gives mercury.
2HgCl
2
+SnCl
2
-Hg
2
Cl
2
+SnCl
4
Hg
2
Cl
2
+SnCl
2
-Hg+SnCl
4
d. Reaction with KI:
It gives Nesslers reagent by reacting with KI.
HgCl
2
+2KI-HgI
2
+KCl
HgI
2
+2KI-K
2
HgI
4
Nesslers reagent
e. Reaction with NH
3
It reacts with ammonia to give white ppt.
HgCl
2
+2NH
3
-Hg(NH
2
)Cl+NH
4
Cl
White ppt.
Page
10
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Uses:
a. Its very dilute solution is used as antiseptic and for sterilizing
surgical instruments.
b. It is also used to prepare Nesslers reagent.
c. It is used as fungicide.
Page
11
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Chemistry of Litharge/Lead Oxide (PbO)
Preparation:
a. It is prepared by the reaction of Pb with O
2
. Initially yellow
powder is obtained which on strong heating gives reddish
yellow powder called litharge.
Pb+O
2
-PbO
Lithrage
b. It is also obtained by heating lead carbonate and lead nitrate.
PbCO
3
-PbO+CO
2
Pb(NO
3
) -PbO+NO
2
+O
2
Properties:
a. It is yellow powder and changes to red on heating.
b. It is amphoteric oxide.
PbO+HCl-PbCl
2
+H
2
O
PbO+NaOH-Na
2
PbO
2
+H
2
O
Sodium plumbite
c. It can be reduced by C, CO, H
2
PbO+C-Pb+CO
2
PbO+CO-Pb+CO
2
Pb+H
2
-Pb+H
2
O
d. It reacts with hot lead acetate solution to give basic lead
acetate.
PbO+(CH
3
CaO)
2
Pb+H
2
O-Pb(OH)
2
(CH
3
CaO)
2
Pb
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12
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Uses:
a. It is used to make glass, metal, cement, lead salt etc.
b. It is also used to join broken pieces of glass.
Page
13
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Write chemistry of Red lead/Sindoor (Pb
3
O
4
).
Preparation:
It is prepared by heating litharge with air.
6PbO + O
2
400
c
z
2Pb
3
O
4
Properties:
a. It is brilliant insoluble red powder.
b. When it is heated at about more thanSuu
c, litharge is
obtained.
Pb
3
O
4
500
c
z
PbO+O
2
c. When it is treated with acid, it is oxidized acid.
Pb
3
O
4
+HCl-PbCl
2
+H
2
O+Cl
2
Pb
3
O
4
+H
2
SO
4
-PbSO
4
+H
2
O+O
2
Uses:
a. It is used as Sindoor.
b. It is used as oxidizing agent.
Page
14
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