APPSC TECHNICAL ASSISTANT IN MINING SERVICE

Metamorphic Petrology 1-d 2- a 3- a 4-d 5-c 6- a 7-c

1.Which of the following is/are characteristic of the process of metamorphism? a) under normal conditions the bulk chemistry of the rock remains unchanged b) there is no large-scale liquid at any given time c) there is no order of crystallization d) all of the above 2. The main type of chemical reaction involved in the process of metamorphism is a) Solid Solid +Vapour b) Solid +Liquid Solid +Gas c) Liquid +Liquid Solid d) Liquid +Gas Solid 3. The thermal or contact metamorphism is characterized by a) High temperature, low pressure, low strain and variable fluid pressure b) High temperature, high pressure, low strain and variable fluid pressure c) High temperature. low pressure, variable strain and variable fluid pressure d) High temperature, high pressure, high strain and high fluid pressure 4. Which of the following rocks have NOT resulted due to contact metamorphism 7 a) Spotted slates b) Hornfelses c) Skarns d)Augen gneisses 5. Hornfelses generally possess a) Porphyroblastic fabric b) Granoblastic fabric c) A combination of porphyroblastic and granoblastic fabric d) Foliated fabric 6. Thermal metamorphism of dolomitic limestones with small siliceous impurity leads to the formation of a) Forsterite marble b) Brucite marble c) Serpentine marble d)Tremolite marble 7. Metamorphism involving substantial addition or removal of materials is generally termed as a) Contact metamorphism b) Autometamorphism c) Metasomatism d) Pneumatolysis

8- a 9-a 10- c 11-a 12- c 13-d 14- b 8. The metamorphism involving the combined effect of uniform pressure and heat is described as a) Plutonic metamorphism b) Dynamothermal metamorphism c) Cataclastic metamorphism d) Contact metamorphism 9. The development of tectonites is widespread in a) Dynamothermal metamorphism b) Plutonic metamorphism c) Cataclastic metamorphism d) Pyrometamorphism 10. Which of the following is matched correctly ? a) Pyrometamorphism-----low temperatures b) Contact metamorphism-----high temperatures c) Kinetic metamorphism -----directed pressure predominant d) Pneumatolysis -----changes due to solution action 11. Choose the correct statement from the following a) Uniform pressure acts on both liquids and solids b) Directed pressure causes a change in volume c) Uniform pressure leads to a change of surface d) All of the above are correct 12. When uniform or hydrostatic pressure acts on a body, its a) Volume decreases b) Specific gravity decreases c) Volume decreases but specific gravity increases d) Volume increases but specific gravity decreases 13. Which of the following effects takes place when a body is subjected to directed pressure ? ( i) Dilation (ii) Distortion (iii) Formation of unidimensional grains (iv) Growth of the body in a direction perpendicular to the direction of stress (v) Solubility of the minerals is decreased a) (i), (iii), (iv) and (v) only b) (i), (iii) and (iv) only c) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) only d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only 14. Oriented mineral grains and foliated appearance of the rocks is a characteristic feature of the rocks belonging to a) Epizone b) Mesozone c) Katazone d) Epizone and Katazone

15. Which of the following rocks are completely unfoliated?

a) Slates b) Schists c) Phyllites d) Hornfelses 16. Minerals whose fields of stability on a P-T diagram are extended on the introduction of a non-hydrostatic stress are described as a) Stress minerals b) Anti-Stress minerals c) Elastic minerals d) Plastic minerals 17. Stress minerals arc characterized by (i) High packing index of crystal lattice (ii) Low molar volume (iii) High density (iv) Equidimensional habit a) (i) and (iii) only b) (i) and (ii) only c) (i). (ii) and (iii) only d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only 18. Which of the following is a stress mineral? a) Andalusite b) Sillimanite c) Kyanite d)Cordierite 19) Stress minerals are generally absent in a) Epizone b) Mesozone c) Katazone d) None of the above 20) Minerals which develop their crystal form in spite of the resistance of a solid medium are described as a) Xenoblastic b) Idioblastic c) Crystalloblasti d)Granoblastic

ANSWERS
1-d 2- a 3- a 4-d 5-c 6- a 7-c 8- a 9-a 10- c 11-a 12- c 13-d 14- b 15-d 16- a 17-c 18- c 19-c 20-b

SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY
1-c 2- b 3- e 4- a 5-a 6-a 7- c 8- a 9-d 10- b 1. The smallest megascopic layer in a sedimentary sequence is a a) Bed b) Stratum c) Lamina d) All of the above 2. To be classified as 'laminae', the thickness of each layer should be a) >1 cm b) <1>2cm d) <2cm 3. A bedset consists of two or more superimposed beds that have identical a) Colour b) Composition c) Texture d) Internal structure e) Genesis 4. Alternate deposition of fine and coarse-grained sediment gives rise to a) Torrential bedding b) Cross bedding c) Graded bedding d) Festoon bedding 5. Flaser bedding is a) a ripple bedding in which mud streaks alternate with sand and silt surfaces b) a ripple bedding which shows well-preserved sand lenses embedded within the muddy layers c) a discordant bedding showing lateral gradation d) a concordant bedding showing progressive fining in the upward direction 6. The most common mode of origin for cross-bedding is a) Migration of small and mega-ripples b) Deposition on the point bars of small meanders c) Deposition on the inclined surfaces of beaches d) Lee-side deposition of sand dunes 7. The bundle-wise up building of foreset laminae in a single unit is characteristically seen in a) Longitudinal cross-bedding b) Channel-fill cross-bedding c) Wave-ripple bedding d) Climbing-ripple lamination 8. Aeolian ripples are characterized by the presence of a) Coarser grains on the crests b) Finer grains on the crests c) Uniformly even grains on the crests and the troughs d) None of the above 9. Ripples formed by water and wind differ in their a) Symmetry b) Scale c) Azimuth d) Ripple index 10. Ripple index (R.I.) is 'the wavelength of the ripple divided by its amplitude if the R.I. is greater than 15 it may be presumed that the ripples are formed by the action of a) Water b) Wind c) Waves d) Currents d) Ripple index

11. Horizontal or lateral gradation of material occurs if the deposition takes place in a) Stagnant water b) Running water c) Underground water d) Shore zone 12. In the case of flaser bedding the conditions are more favourable for the deposition and preservation of a) Sand b) Mud c) Both sand and mud d) None of the above 13. Textures in which the fragmental characteristics are NOT clearly visible are described as a) Epiclastic b) Clastic c) Non-clastic d) Pyroclastic 14. The degree of roundness does NOT depend upon a) Size of the particles b) Hardness of the particles c) Specific gravity of the particles d) Degree of transportation 15. Theoretically speaking sphericity and roundness of a grain are (i) Geometrically different and independent properties (ii) Geometrically similar and mutually dependent properties (iii) Related to the size of the clastic particles (iv) Unrelated to the size of the elastic particles a) (i) and (iii) are correct b) (i) and (iv) are correct c) (ii) and (iii) are correct d) (ii) and (iv) are correct 16. In nature roundness varies between a) 0.01 to 0.05 b) 0.05 to 0.1 c) 0.1 to 0.9 d) 1.0 to infinity 17. SORTING may be defined as a) A measure of the spread of grain-size distribution b) A qualitative parameter measuring the departure of a body from equidimensional character c) A measure of the sharpness of the edges and corners of a particle d) None of the above 18. Residual deposits are a) Well sorted and rounded b) Unsorted and angular c) Ill sorted and sub-rounded d) Assorted and well-rounded 19. Sorting of particles is best in a) Fluvial sediments b) Sand dunes c) Beach sediments d) Loess sediments 20. Which of the following is a measure of the symmetry of the distribution of grains? a) Sphericity b) Roundness c) Kurtosis d) Skewness ANSWERS 1-c 2- b 3- e 4- a 5-a 6-a 7- c 8- a 9-d 10- b 11- b 12- a 13-c 14--c 15-b 16-c 17- a 18- b 19- c 20- d

GEOLOGY QUESTIONS 1. The primitive crust of the earth was (a) granitic (b) basaltic (c) komatiitic (d) andesitic 2. The major source of heat in the primordial earth was (a) decay of short-lived radioactive isotopes (b) decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes (c) impact of planetesimals (d) all of the above 3. Bedforms with the crest trending roughly parallel to the net sediment transport direction are called (a) linear dune (b) longitudinal dune (c) seif dune (d) parabolic dune 4. Transgression is cause by (a) rise in eustatic sea level (b) rise in relative sea level (c) increased rate of subsidence (d) decreased rate of sedimentation 5. Boudins are products of (a) homogeneous deformation (b) inhomogeneous, brittle deformation (c) inhomogeneous, ductile deformation (d) none of the above. 6. Temperature at the crust-mantle boundary is of the order of (a) 600C (b) 900C (c) 1700C (d) 1300C 7. Diphyodonty does not take place in (a) incisors (b) pre-molars (c) molars (d) canines 8. Epsilon cross-stratification is common in (a) marine environment (b) fluvial environment (c) lacustrine environment (d) aeolian environment 9. S- or Z-shaped inclusion trails in garnets indicate (a) Syn-tectonic crystallization (b) Pre-tectonic crystallization (c) Post-tectonic crystallization (d) None of the above

10. Under high P-T conditions Al is favoured in a SiO4 tetrahedra linkage in the (a) 4 co-ordinated position (b) 6 co-ordinated position (c) 8 co-ordinated position (d) 10 co-ordinated position 11. Barapasaurus tagorie, a Jurassic dinosaur, was recovered from (a) Jabalpur Formation (b) Ariyalur Formation (c) Kota Formation (d) Bhuj Formation 12. Paratype is formally designated when (a) used in the description of the species (b) a new specimen is used due to the destruction of the type specimen (c) it is not the part of the original type material (d) several type specimens are used 13. Foreland basins are associated with (a) crustal extension (b) strike slip faults (c) thrust loading (d) thermal contraction 14. Transform faults occur within (a) continental lithosphere (b) oceanic lithosphere (c) both continental and oceanic lithosphere (d) none of the above 15. An area in isostatic equilibrium would show (a) no free air anomaly but may show Bouguer anomaly (b) no free air and Bouguer anomaly (c) free air anomaly but no Bouguer anomaly (d) none of the above.

APPSC TECHNICAL ASSISTANT IN MINING SERVICE

APPSC TECHNICAL ASSISTANT IN MINING SERVICE EXAM Reference Books:

Optics and Mineralogy: 1. Rut leys Elements of Mineralogy H H Read. 2. Optical Mineralogy Paul Kerr. 3. Introduction to Rock Forming Minerals Deer, Howie & Zussman. Structural Geology: 1. Structural Geology - M.P.Billing 2. Fundamentals of Structural Geology- N.W. Gokhale.

Petrology (Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic): 1. Igneous Petrology - Mihir K. Bose. 2. Igneous petrology - Anthony Hall. 3. Igneous and metamorphic Petrology - Best M.G. 4. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology - Turner and Verhoogen. 5. Metamorphic petrology - Turner. 6. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks - Winkler H.G.F. 7. Petrology of Metamorphic Rocks - Mason Roger. 8. Fundamentals of Sedimentary rocks - N W Gokhale. 9. Sedimentary Rocks - Pettijohn F.J. 10. Introduction to Sedimentology - Sengupta S. 11. Principles of Petrology - G.W. Tyrrell.

APPSC TECHNICAL ASSISTANT IN MINING SERVICE

Mineralogy objective questions

1. Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks. B) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern. C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains. D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles. 2. Which of the following is not a mineral? A) olivine B) limestone C) calcite D) quartz 3. Which geologic concept is described by "the present is the key to the past"? A) biblical prophesy B) uniformitarianism C) Aristotelian logic D) catastrophism 4. The average thickness of the continental crust is about A) 35-40 km B) 100-200 km C) 1000-2000 km D) 5-10 km 5. In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which layers?

A) core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust B) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust C) inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere D) core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
6. The tectonic plates A) are the outermost shell of the solid Earth. B) are a rigid, solid layer about 100 km thick C) includes the crust and the uppermost mantle D) all of the above

7. At mid-ocean ridges, two plates are A) moving towards each other. B) moving away from each other. C) sliding along each other. D) stationary. 8. According to Plate Tectonics theory, most active volcanoes occur A) on continents. B) in large tectonic plates. C) along plate boundaries. D) randomly over continents. 9. What are the two most abundant elements in the Earths crust? A) iron and magnesium B) oxygen and silicon C) nitrogen and oxygen D) silicon and calcium 10. Atoms of the same element (oxygen, for example) have the same number of __________. A) electrons in the nucleus B) protons in the nucleus C) neutrons in the outer nuclear shell D) electrons in the valence bond level 11. In table salt (NaCl), sodium and chlorine atoms bond by A) sharing the electrons in their outer shells. B) transferring an electron in the outer shell of the sodium atom to the outer shell of the chlorine atom. C) having valence electrons freely migrating among the ions of sodium and chlorine. D) all above. 12. What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?

A) graphite B) native gold C) diamond D) muscovite 13. Why is basalt finer grained than gabbro? A) gabbro formed from quick cooling of magma. B) basalt formed from quick cooling of magma. C) basalt has a mafic composition. D) gabbro has a mafic composition. 14. Visible quartz and potassium feldspar grains are the main constituents in a ____________. A) granite B) gabbro C) basalt D) rhyolite 15. Which of the following minerals would crystallize early from a cooling silicate magma? A) biotite B) quartz C) olivine D) muscovite
16. Magma generation in subduction zones are mainly caused by A) releasing of water and volatiles from the subducting plate B) pressure release in the subducting plate C) temperature increase in the surrounding mantle D) all above

17. Which of the following tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano. A) High viscosity and dissolved gas B) High viscosity; low dissolved gas content C) Low silica content, low viscosity D) Low viscosity; low dissolved gas content 18. Eruptions dominated by basaltic lava flows typically form what type of volcanoes? A) composite B) stratospheric C) cinder cone D) shield

19. Why do magmas rise toward Earth's surface? A) Magmas are more viscous than solid rocks in the crust and upper mantle. B) Most magmas are richer in silica than most crustal and upper mantle rocks. C) Magmas, being melts and having gases, are less dense than the adjacent solid rock. D) magmas have higher content of pyroxenes than the surrounding rocks. 20. Which of the following is NOT a process of physical (mechanical) weathering? A) Frost wedging B) unloading C) thermal expansion D) dissolution 21. Which of the following silicate minerals are most resistant to chemical weathering? A) quartz B) olivine C) hornblende D) potassium feldspar 22. In the soil profile, the A horizon A) is located below the O horizon B) is called the zone of leaching C) is part of the top soil D) all above 23. What is probably the single most important, original, depositional feature in sedimentary rocks? A) sizes of the sand grains B) degree of lithification C) bedding or stratification D) compaction of the mud and clay 24. What is the main difference between a conglomerate and a sedimentary breccia? A) Breccia clasts are angular; conglomerate clasts are rounded. B) A breccia is well stratified; a conglomerate is poorly stratified.

C) Breccia clasts are the size of baseballs; conglomerate clasts are larger. D) Breccia has a compacted, clay-rich matrix; conglomerate has no matrix. 25. Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the _________ A) colors of the cementing minerals B) grain sizes of the detrital particles C) compositions of soluble minerals D) degree of compaction and lithification 26. Flint, chert, and jasper are microcrystalline forms of __________. A) quartz; (SiO2) B) hematite (Fe2O3) C) halite (NaCl) D) calcite (CaCO3) 27. Which of the following is the most common type of chemical sedimentary rock. A) Limestone B) Chert C) Phosphate rock D) Quartz sandstone 28. Which of following sedimentary rocks indicate long-distance transportation of the sediements? A) quartz sandstone B) breccia C) arkose (sandstone with lots of feldspar particles) D) none of above 29. Which of the following forms at the highest grade of regional metamorphism? A) gneiss B) schist C) slate D) phyllite 30. What major change occurs during metamorphism of limestone to marble? A) calcite grains recrystallize to larger and interlocked grains.

B) clays crystallize to micas, forming a highly foliated, mica-rich rock C) limestone grains react to form quartz and feldspars D) calcite grains are dissolved away leaving only marble crystals 31. What type of foliation results from the parallel alignment of abundant, coarse-grained, mica flakes in a metamorphic rock? A) schistosity B) gneissic banding C) slaty cleavage D) phyllitic structure
32. Metamorphic rocks can form from A) sedimentary rocks B) igneous rocks C) metamorphic rocks D) all above. 33. For undisturbed, horizontal strata of sedimentary rocks, their age A) increases from top to bottom B) decreases from top to bottom C) can be determined from their color D) is the same 34. What makes a good index fossil? A) big and easy to see in the field B) with a hard shell that can be easily preserved C) spans over a long geological time period D) widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geological time. 35. An igneous rock contains a radioactive isotope that has a half-life of 10 million years. Careful analysis shows that only one quarter of the original concentration of the parent isotope is left. How old is this igneous rock? A) 5 million years old B) 20 million years old C) 40 million years old D) 2.5 million years old 36. Which of the geological era is the youngest in the geologic time scale? A) Precambrian. B) Mesozoic. C) Paleozoic. D) Cenozoic. 37. Lateral offset in drainage lines is commonly associated with A) normal faults. B) reverse faults.

C) thrust faults. D) strike-slip faults.

38. Ductile deformation become important when A) the temperature is hign B) the confining pressure is high C) deformation happens slowly D) all above 39. In an structural basin, the youngest strata is found A) at the center of the basin B) on the margins of the basin C) half-way between the center and the margins of the basin D) beneath the older strata. 40. Which statement best describes motion on a normal fault? A) The hanging wall block moved downward relative to the footwall block. B) The hanging wall block moved upward relative to the footwall block. C) The hanging wall block moved horizontally relative to the footwall block. D) Faults are simple breaks in the crust along which no movement has occurred.