Civil War Russia Terms Marxism Karl Marx ( May 5, 1818 March 14, 1883) German Philosopher.

r. Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and changes in human society in the means by which humans collectively produce the necessities of life. The non-economic features of a society (e.g. social classes, political structures, ideologies) are seen as being an outgrowth of its economic activity. Materialism - For Marx, the base material of the world is social relations (and mainly class relations, e.g, between serfs and lord, or today, between employees and employer). As an expression of these basic social relations, all other ideologies form, including those of science, economics, law, morality. Socialism is the economic organization where either public or direct worker ownership and administration of the means of production and allocation of resources. Soviets - Councils of workers set up to represent the people. Capitalism is the economic and social system in which capital (things you own), the land and the means of producing goods from that, are privately owned. Goods and resources are traded in markets, profits made, taxes deducted and the remainder is then distributed back to the owner or reinvested. Soviets _ With the slogan "All power to the Soviets" the Bolsheviks promised the workers a government run by industrial unions and promised to overthrow the aristocracy's main government body - the Duma. In October 1917 the Bolsheviks secured a majority in the Soviet, and Lenin, staying true to his word, overthrew the Provisional Government, giving all power to the Soviets and the Bolsheviks who governed in their name. The councils later evolved under Bolshevic rule, as the main representative units of the state.

The March Revolution in Brief 1913 marked the 300th anniversary of the Rominov Dynasty. Romanov family ruled Russia from 1613 to 1855 and during this time, Russia became a major European power. The Ministry of Education created a national system of primary schools beginning in 1864. As people gained freedoms they began to want more changes and when Aleksandr III, Aleksandr II's son, gained the throne he was forced to deal with this unrest. The people had long believed that the tsar was the protector of his people and so the group was peacefully marching to the tsar carrying icons and portraits of the tsar when Nicholas II refused to meet with them and ordered to have them fired upon. This killed hundreds of innocent people and public opinion turned against the tsar. This event came to be known as Bloody Sunday and helped set off a revolt in 1905. Marxism Karl Marx ( May 5, 1818 March 14, 1883) German Philosopher. Marxist wanted to ignite a revolution among Proletariat working class, manual labour. Nicholas II was unable to solve the political, economic and social problems. They public wanted social change. He was weak and used his army to silence the crowds. Many innocent people were killed. Outbreak of war in 1914. The Russian Empire stretched from Eastern Europe east to the Pacific Ocean. Russia saw the introduction of the Industrialisation. During the war St Petersberg was known as Petrograd. By 1915 manufature of ammunition was problematic. Soldiers didnt have enough weapons to fight. By 1915 Russian casualties were 2 million. There was not much food. Land had been destroyed in which to grow crops. Import and export of goods had ceased due to the fighting. Buildings that were used for manufacture had been severely damanged. 1916 Rasputin (deemed a holy man by Alexanda) was killed in December 29th 1916 because he was seen as a threat to the government. 1917 saw the collapse of the monarchy. There were food a fuel shortages and disasters on the battle field. The workers went on stike mainly women. The soldiers refused to shoot them and the government began to collapse. Temporary governemnt was introduced by middle class liberals, whilst the war was contiuing. At the same time revolutionary socialists set about setting up Soviets. With the slogan "All power to the Soviets" the Bolsheviks promised the workers a government run by

industrial unions and promised to overthrow the aristocracy's main government body the Duma. In October 1917 the Bolsheviks secured a majority in the Soviet, and Lenin, staying true to his word, overthrew the Provisional Government, giving all power to the Soviets and the Bolsheviks who governed in their name. The councils later evolved under Bolshevic rule, as the main representative units of the state. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April 1870 21 January 1924) was the communist Russian Revolutionist who led the October Revolution of 1917. He was the leader of the Bolshevic Party and was the Head of State for USSR (1917-24). He was known for establishing a socialist economic system in a semi-feudal counntry. Nicholas II and his family were put under house arrest and in July of 1918 were murdered. The two revolutions are known to Russians as The February and November revolutions because their calendar is 13 days behind the ones used in Western Europe. The Calendar was changed in 1918 to the Western one.