TOPIC: BIOLOGY. Vocabulary building. Exercises to do after the texts. 1). Complicated constructions reading 1: please paraphrase. - ( ) .

) . Phrase from reading 1 Adaptive as their shell is, it Given that For all their diversity These give the arthropod (ELLIPSIS + AVOIDING REPETITION) Like that of human skin (AVOIDING REPETITION) Much as do that would otherwise evaporate Those directly above (ELLIPSIS) Not quite tough enough Though strong (ELLIPSIS) Innermost, uppermost, topmost, bottommost One is that (AVOIDING REPETITION) Evolve to (become), expand to (accommodate) Daily wear and tear (IDIOM) Useful phrases reading 2: after having studying the text and completed the exercise following it, retell the contents briefly in a summary form using these phrases: 1. When renewing (when doing smth) 2. To be concerned with smth. 3. Put some order into 4. Cause confusion 5. Quite a bit of 6. An excellent example 7. Its pretty clear that 8. There is one interesting problem with 9. Appear to be 10. In effect, 11. Its fairly clear that 12. This situation presents quite a problem 13. It results in(+noun+v-ing) 14. Hundreds of thousands of 15. It appears that 16. A likely scenario is that 17. In any case, 18. The evidence indicates that 19. The case of is not unique, as 20. It is helpful to 21. Attempt to do smth 22. The primary concern is that Example explanation/paraphrase However adaptive their shell might be (or: although their shell is adaptive, it)

3. Wordlist for reading 1 and 2 mixed, in alphabetical order. Study it again, checking what you remember and looking up the words you have forgotten. Then do the exercise that follows. Accommodate Acid Acquire food Adapt, adaptive Ancestor, ancestral Arthropod Blotch, Blotched Breed, breeding Calcium Captivate, captivity Captive breeding Cell Cellulose Centipedes Chaotic Chitin Classify, classification Coloration Creation Decompose, decomposition Defining characteristic Disperse Distinct Durable, durability Endangered species Endocuticle Environmentalist Epidermis Evaporate, evaporation Evolution, to evolve Excrete Exocuticle Exoskeleton Expand Extinct, become extinct, extinction Fatty acids Fiber Fluoresce, fluorescent Genetic Genus Gradation Growth Habitat Harden Hydrocarbon Inhabit Interbreed Internal organs Joint, a jointed leg Lipids Loss Mammals Matter Methane Microorganism Moisture Molecule Molt Muscle Natures creations Offspring Penetrate smth Phylum of animals Potentially hazardous Predator Predecessor Pronounced Protein Release into the wild Salamander Secrete Sensory cells Shake/slip smth off Shell Shrimp Strength Strengthen Subspecies Surroundings Swell Taxonomy Tissue Ultraviolet Vapor Vertebrate Volcanic activity Waste product Wax

1. What verbs correspond to these nouns: Adaptation to __________, breed to _________, classification to ___________, danger to ________, decomposition to _________, dispersion to _________, durability to ______________, Evolution to __________, excretion to ___________, expansion to ___________, Gradation to _________, creation to ___________, penetration to ___________, pronunciation to ___________, strength to _________, vapour to ____________? 2. What nouns are formed from or correspond to these verbs: to color (NOT color) __________, to grow - ___________, to captivate - _________ , to lose - _________, to acquire _________, to inhabit - _________, to waste ________? 3. How is a verb formed from this adjective? Hard - ___________ 4. What 2 meanings of these words do you know? Accommodate, breed, evolve, expand, matter, shell, scale, spot, tissue, wax. 5. Whats the difference between: fat (used as an adjective) and fatty, captivate and catch, coloration and color, endangered and hazardous, protein and lipid, environment and surroundings, vapor and steam, moisture and dampness, secretion and excretion, hydrocarbon and carbohydrate, a creation and a creature, an environmentalist and an ecologist? 6. List all the substances mentioned on the wordlist: acid, _______________________ _______________________________________________________________________

7. Answer these questions: What is the plural for a shrimp? What common myth is there about the salamander? Who can molt? Why do we need taxonomy? Are all mammals vertebrates? Where can you find fibers? Are fish scales made of chitin? What animals fluoresce? What predators do you know?