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Study Guide for Interdisciplinary Studies: Math Overview: This study guide has been prepared for Western

Governor's University Interdisciplinary Studies students who wish to brush-up on Algebra, Geometry, and/ or Statistics concepts which were learned when taking high school and/or college math courses before enrolling at WGU. Objective: The objective of this study guide is to assist students in obtaining the knowledge required to prepare for and pass the IMC4 Objective Exam assessment. Study Materials Recommended: Billstein, Rick, et all., (2004) A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers - 8th Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 0-321-15680-3. Students who have not yet purchased the book must purchase the 8th edition. or Billstein, Rick, et all., (2001) A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers - 7th Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 0-201-34730-X. What to Study: If you have not already taken the IMC4 Pre-assessment Exam (PAC4), it is suggested that you take this pre-assessment test. How you score on the exam will determine the competency areas which you need to study. Using the table shown below and the questions you failed to answer correctly, you can determine which chapters in the recommended study materials you need to review or study. Exam Questions with Answers Objective 102.4.1 Number Sense & Numeration 1. a 2. c 3. b Objective 102.4.2 Real Number System 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. a Objective 102.4.3 Algebraic Concepts 8. c 9. d 10. a 11. c Objective 102.4.4 Geometry 12. d 13. b 14. c Objective 102.4.5 Measurement 15. c Billstein Study Materials Chapter 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4

Chapter 5.2, 5.3, Chapter 6.1, and 6.3

Chapter 1.3 and Chapter 10.5

Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, Chapter 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, and Chapter 11.5

Chapter 11.1, 11.2 and 11.5

16. a 17. c Objective 102.4.6 Statistics & Probability 18. d 19. b 20. b Objective 102.4.7 Mathematical Reasoning 21. b 22. d 23. d Objective 102.4.8 Mathematical Problem Solving 24. d 25. a

Chapter 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, Chapter 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 Chapter 1.2, 1.3, and Chapter 8.3

Chapter 5.2, 5.3, Chapter, 6.1, and 6.3

Competency 102.4.1 Number Sense and Numeration Study Chapters: Chapter 3-2 Algorithms for Whole-Number Addition and Subtraction Addition Algorithms Scratch Addition Subtraction Algorithms Chapter 3-3 Algorithms for Whole-Number Multiplication and Division Multiplication Algorithms Division Algorithms Chapter 3-4 Mental Mathematics and Estimation for Whole-Number Operations Mental Mathematics: Addition Mental Mathematics: Subtraction Mental Mathematics: Multiplication Mental Mathematics: Division Computational Estimation Recommended Study Approach for Chapter 3: 1. Study the material contained in Chapter 3-2. 2. Work exercises #2 and #6 for this section. Check your answers below. 3. Study the material contained in Chapter 3-3. 4. Work exercises #10 and #13 for this section. Check your answers below. 5. Study the material contained in Chapter 3-4. 6. Work exercises #4, #5 and #13 in the 8th Edition or #3, #4 and #12 in the 7th Edition for this section. Check your answers below. 7. Working through these exercises should be accomplished over a one week period. If you need assistance, contact your mentor for a math assistance referral and you will be assigned to a math tutor. Chapter 3 Exercises Answers: Chapter 3-2 3-3 2 a. 383 minus 159 equals 224 6 $124. 10 a 67 b 56 a*b 3752 a+b 123 b. 13296 minus 8309 equals 4987

32 15 13 - $60. 3-4

78 18

2496 270

110 33

4 or 3 - a. 605 b. 963 c. 965 d. 1680 5 or 4 - a. 36 b. 120 c. 114 d. 97 13 or 12 30 times 180 because 30 and 179 are closer to the original numbers than the other choices.

Competency 102.4.2 Real Number System Study Chapters: Chapter 5-2 Addition and Subtraction of Rational Numbers Addition of Rational Numbers Mixed Numbers Properties of Addition for Rational Numbers Subtraction of Rational Numbers Chapter 5-3 Multiplication and Division of Rational Numbers Multiplication of Rational Numbers Properties of Multiplication of Rational Numbers Division of Rational Numbers Chapter 6-1 (7th Edition) Introduction to Decimals Chapter 6-2 (8th Edition) Introduction to Decimals Scientific Notation Chapter 6-3 Non-terminating Decimals Repeating Decimals Recommended Study Approach for Chapters 5 and 6: 1. Study the material contained in Chapter 5-2. 2. Work exercise #1 for this section. Check your answers below. 3. Study the material contained in Chapter 5-3. 4. Work exercises #3 and #6 for this section. Check your answers below. 5. If you have difficulty with any of the Chapter 5 questions, contact the WGU math mentor at the email address shown below. 6. Study the material contained in Chapter 6-2 (8th Edition) and Chapter 6-1 (7th Edition) 7. Work exercise #11 for this section. Check your answers below. 8. Study the material contained in Chapter 6-3. 9. Work exercises #1 and #2 for this section. Check your answers below. 10. Working through the exercises for these two chapters should be accomplished over a one week period. If you need assistance, contact your mentor for a math assistance referral and you will be assigned to a math tutor. Chapter 5 and 6 Exercises Answers: Chapter 5-2 5-3 1 a. 14/12 or 7/6 b. -4/12 or 1/3 c. 5y-3x/xy e. 77/24 or 2 23/24 f. -23/3 or -7 2/3 3 a. 1/5 b. b/a c. za/x2y f. -25/4 or -6 1/4 d. 35/4 or 8 d. -9y + 5x + 42y2/6x2y2

e. 44/3 or 13 2/3

6 a. 26 Chapter 6-1 (7th Edition) 6-2 (8th Edition) 6-3

b. 29

c. 92

d. 18

e. 6

f. 7

g. 9

h. 2 1/4

11 a. 4.8 * 1028 13 - a. 4.8 * 1028 b. 0.285714 g. 0.83333 b. 2/3

b. 4 * 107 b. 4 * 107

c. 2* 102 c. 2* 102 e. 0.026666 e. -211/90

1 a. 0.4444 f. 0.01111 2 a. 4/9 f. -2/99

c. 0.2727 d. 0.06666 h. 0.076923 c. 7/5 d. 5/9

Competency 102.4.3 Algebraic Concepts Study Chapters: Chapter 1-3 Algebraic Thinking Developing Algebraic Thinking Skills Properties of Equations Solving Equations Application Problems Chapter 10-5 (7th Edition) Lines in a Cartesian Coordinate System th Chapter 10-6 (8 Edition) Lines in a Cartesian Coordinate System Equations of Vertical and Horizontal Lines Equations of Lines Using Similar Triangles to Determine Slope Systems of Linear Equations Substitution Method Elimination Method Solutions to Systems of Linear Equations Recommended Study Approach for Chapters 1 and 10: 1. Study the material contained in Chapter 1-3. 2. Work exercises #1 and #5 for this section. Check your answers below. 3. Study the material contained in Chapter 10-6 (8th Edition) or Chapter 10-5 (7th Edition). 4. Work exercises #3 and #15 for this section. Check your answers below. 5. Working through these exercises should be accomplished over a one week period. Chapter 1 and 10 Exercises Answers: Chapter 1-3 (7th Edition) 1 a. 60t b. 20 + 25h c. 175d d. 3x +3 e. q * 2n f. 40 3t g. 4s + 15,000 h. 3x + 6 i. 3m 1-3 (8th Edition) 1 a. 20 + 25h b. 175d c. 3x +3 d. q * 2n e. 40 3t f. 4s + 15,000 g. 3x + 6 h. 3m 5 89.6 Chapter 10-5 (7th Edition) 10-6 (8th Edition) 3 a. b. c. d. x-intercept 4 None 2 -2 y-intercept 3 -3 -30 None

e. f.

1/3 0

-1 0

15 a. (2,5) Unique solution b. No solution c. (1, -5) Unique solution d. Infinitely many solutionsx can be any real number and y = (4x 1)/6 Competency 102.4.4 Geometry Study Chapters: Chapter 9-1 Basic notions Linear Notions Planar Notions Angles Angle Measurement Types of Angles Chapter 9-2 Polygons Polygons More About Polygons Regular Polygons Triangle and Quadrilaterals Chapter 9-3 More About Angles More About Angles The Sum of the Measures of the Angles of a Triangle Chapter 11-1 Linear Measure The Metric System Distance Around a Plane Figure Circumference of a Circle Chapter 11-2 Areas of Polygons and Circles Areas on a Geoboard Converting Units of Area Area of a Rectangle Area of a Triangle Area of a Circle Chapter 11-3 The Pythagorean Theorem The Pythagorean Theorem Special Right Triangles Chapter 11-4 Surface Areas Surface Area of Right Prisms Surface Area of a Cylinder Surface Area of a Pyramid Chapter 11-5 Volume, Mass, and Temperature Volume of Right Rectangular Prisms Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders Volumes of Pyramids and Cones Recommended Study Approach for Chapters 9 and 11:

1. Study the material contained in Chapter 9-1. 2. Work exercises #5 and #6 (7th Edition) or #6 and #7(8th Edition) for this section. Check your answers below. 3. Study the material contained in Chapter 9-2. 4. Understand the definition of each of the figures shown in Table 9-6. 5. Study the material contained in Chapter 9-3. 6. Work exercises #7 (7th Edition) or #9 (8th Edition) for this section. Check your answers below. 7. If you have difficulty with any of the Chapter 9 questions, contact the WGU math mentor at the email address shown below. 8. Study the material contained in Chapter 11-1. 9. Study the material contained in Chapter 11-2. 10. Work exercises #9 (7th Edition) or #10 (8th Edition) for this section. Check your answers below. 11. Study the material contained in Chapter 11-5. 12. Work exercise 3b, 3c, and 3d (7th Edition) or 5b, 5c, and 5d (8th Edition) for this section. 13. Complete IMA4 Objective 1.4.4-9. 14. If you have difficulty with any of the Chapter 11 questions or completing the IMA4 Objective, contact the WGU math mentor at the e-mail address shown below. 15. Study the material contained in Chapter 11-3. 16. Work exercises #1a, 1b, 1c, 1e, and 1f (7th Edition) or 2a, 2b, 2c, 2e, and 2f (8th Edition) for this section. Check your answers below. 17. Complete IMA4 Objective 1.4.4-7. 18. If you have difficulty with any of the Chapter 11-3 questions or completing the IMA4 Objective, contact the WGU math mentor at the e-mail address shown below. 19. Study the material contained in Chapter 11-4. 20. Complete IMA4 Objective 1.4.7B3. 21. If you have difficultly completing the IMA4 Objective, contact your mentor for a math assistance referral and you will be assigned to a math tutor. NOTE: Working through these exercises should be accomplished over a two to three week period. Chapter 9 and 11 Exercises Answers: Chapter 9-1 5 or 6 - Answers may vary. a. intersecting crossroads b. angle on a yield sign c. the top of a coat hanger 6 or 7 a. 110 degrees b. 40 degrees c. 20 degrees d. 130 degrees 7 or 9 a. x = 40 degrees, y = 50 degrees c. x = 50 degrees, y = 60 degrees 9 or 10 a. 9 cm2 e. 84 cm2 1 or 2 a. 6 b. 5a b. 96 cm2 f. 105 cm2 c. 12 b. x = 18 degrees, 4x = 72 degrees d. x = 83 degrees d. 20 cm2

9-3 Chapter 11-2 11-3 11-5

c. approx 4.69 cm2 e. 9 f. 13 d. 50 cm3

3 or 5 b. 120 cm3

c. 216 cm3

Competency 102.4.5 Measurement Study Chapters: The study material for this competency has been covered in Chapter 11 Competency 102.4.4.

Competency 102.4.6 Statistics and Probability Study Chapters:

Chapter 7-1 How Probabilities Are Determined Determining Probabilities Mutually Exclusive Events Complementary Events Non-Mutually Exclusive Events Chapter 7-2 Multistage Experiments with Tree Diagrams Multistage Experiments Independent Events (not Modeling Games, Geometric Probability) Chapter 7-5 Using Permutations and Combinations in Probability Permutations of Unlike Objects Permutations Involving Like Objects Combinations Chapter 8-1 Statistical Graphs Pictographs Dot Plots/Line Plots Stem and Leaf Plots Frequency Tables Histograms and Bar Graphs Line Graphs Scatterplots Circle Graphs (Pie Charts) Choosing a Data Display Chapter 8-2 Measures of Central Tendency and Variation Computing Means Understanding the Mean as a Balance Point Computing Medians Finding Modes (not Choosing the Most Appropriate Average, Measures of Dispersion, Box Plots, Outliers, Comparing Sets of Data, Variance and Standard Deviation, Normal Distributions Chapter 8-3 Abuses of Statistics Abuses of Statistics Recommended Study Approach for Chapters 7 and 8: 1. Study the material contained in Chapter 7-1. 2. Work exercises #2 and #6 for this section. Check your answers below. 3. Study the material contained in Chapter 7-2. 4. Work exercises #1 and #7 for this section. Check your answers below. 5. Study the material contained in Chapter 7-5. 6. Work exercises #2 and #5 for this section. Check your answers below. 7. Complete IMA4 Objectives 1.4.6-6 and 1.4.6-7. 8. If you have difficulty with any of the Chapter 7 questions or completing the IMA4 Objectives, contact the WGU math mentor at the e-mail address shown below. 9. Study the material contained in Chapter 8-1 10. Work exercises #24, and #30 (8th Edition) or #22 and #28 (7th Edition), for this section. Check your answers below. 11. Study the material contained in Chapter 8-3. 12. Work exercise #1 for this section. Check your answers below.

13. Complete IMA4 Objectives 1.4.6-1/2.4.5-8 and 1.47A-4. 14. If you have difficulty with any of the Chapter 8 questions or completing the IMA4 Objectives, contact the WGU math mentor at the e-mail address shown below. 15. Study the material contained in Chapter 8-2. 16. Work exercises #1 and #4 for this section. Check your answers below. 17. Working through these exercises should be accomplished over a two week period. If you need assistance, contact your mentor for a math assistance referral and you will be assigned to a math tutor. Chapter 7 and 8 Exercises Answers: Chapter 7-1 7-2 7-5 2 b and c 6 a. 1/2 b. 3/13 1 a. 3/5 b. 12/25 7 a. 64/75 b. 11/75 2 32 5 180 24 or 22 a. In a pictograph we can observe change over time & make comparisons. b. Circle graphs are used when comparing parts to a whole. d. In a stem-and-leaf we can see the same shape as in a histogram but no data points are lost. 30 or 28 The line graph is more useful because we can approximate the midway point between 8:00am and 12:00 noon and then draw a vertical line upward until it hits the line graph. The approximation for the 10:00am temperature can be obtained from drawing a horizontal line to meet the vertical line drawn. 1 a. 6.625, 7.5, 8 d. 81.4, 80, 80 4 150 pounds b. 13.4, 12, 12 e. 5.83, 5, 5 c. 19.9, 18, 18 and 22 c. 7/13 d. 1/13 e. 12/13 f. 11/26 g. 3/52 h. 15/26

8-1

8-2

8-3

1 Answers may vary. a. Is the car running? If not, very quiet. b. How many motorcycles were sold in what years? c. 11% is very little more than 10% d. Percentage of what? e. Up to is very indefinite f. Brighter than what? g. How many dentists responded? h. Majority of time is spent in the home i. Does another airline fly to the city?

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