ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After the completion of my project assignment under the

practical "Repair & Maintenance" of "SKODA" Vehicles conducted in
"KRISHNA AUTO SALES JALLUNDHAR", I am very thankful to the Head
of Department of Automobile Engineering; Er.J.C. Verma, Lecturers; Er. R.L.
Sharma, Er. G.S. Chauhan, and Er. D.K. Gupta for guiding me to prepare the
project reports in correct manner.

I am also thankful to my father Shri Jai Dev Verma and Shri

Manik Bhalla, (Branch Manager, Krishna Auto Sales Jallundhar) who
permitted me to accomplish my project work assignment in the organization
under his control.

To help me and to provide me important information in the

workshop during this assignment I thank to Shri Kamal Bhardwaj, (Service
Advisors) Shri Narender, Head Mechanic and Shri Nagender, Mechanic who
are working in the above organization.

Kaushalesh Kumar Verma,

Roll Number-108/03
Semester- 6th.
Branch- Automobile Engineering.
 "SKODA AUTO"
An Introduction:-

SKODA Automobiles Company has been established in the year

1895. Thereafter it increased its business and establishment year to year and
presently it is working as a joint venture with Volkswagen, Seat, Audi and
Golf under the Chairmanship of Mr. Detllef Wittig.

In India, SKODA Auto has been established during 2001.It has

started its manufacturing under a dynamic and energetic Managing Director
Mr. Lukas Folc during the year 2004. Mr. Lukas Folc who is 27 years old is
said to be a youngest Managing Director in the Indian Automotive world.

SKODA vehicles are manufactured in India at E/76, MIDC,

Waluj, Aurangabad, Maharashtra-431136. Uptill it has presented the following
models of its make: -
1. Skoda Octavia- RS
" " -Elegance (Petrol)
" " -Elegance (TDI)
" " -Rider (Petrol)
" " -Rider (TDI)
" " -Rider (Turbo)
" " -Ambinite
2. Skoda Laura (L&K)
3. Skoda Superb.

Besides, two more new models namely Skoda- Fabia and Skoda-
Roomster is likely to be launched in near future.
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT TOPIC

The Project assignment, which is arranged during the

Diploma period, provides industrial exposure to us. It is helpful in making us
familiar with the industrial field and homes our skill. In other words it aware
us before the actual entrance in this field so that we could mould ourselves
according to the field condition. Also it increase out basic knowledge about
the vehicle's servicing, major components of the vehicle, there function and
location, company management, main machines and equipment's needed for
the installation of a garage and all those things which may create a chance of
employment for us.

The project assignment of "Maintenance & Servicing of

(TATA Vehicles) consists mainly those points by which a person can maintain
up his vehicle himself and also can avoid those problems which occurs during
the journey. In addition the person becomes capable to repair all the minor
alongwith major problems.

Also the person becomes aware about those things, which

increases bearing and tearing costs, methods and precautions, which help in
reducing friction and heat in the moving parts. Keep them cool while moving,
increase the life of the vehicles and thus a great expenditure can be eliminated.
 AUTOMOBILE
An automobile a self propelled vehicle used for transportation of passengers,
goods etc. on the ground from one place to another.
The main components of an automobile are: -
1) The basic structure
2) The engine
3) The transmission system
4) The auxiliaries
5) The control
6) The super structure
1). The Basic Structure: - It may be called as the base, on which the other units are
attached to convert it into a power-operated vehicle. Its main components are:-

i) Frame
ii) Suspension System:- It prevent the roads shocks from being transmitted to
vehicle components, safeguard the occupants and preserve the stability of
the vehicles in pitching or rolling while in motion.
iii) Axles: These may be considered as beams supported at the ends, loaded at
to intermediate points and subjected to vertical load of vehicle, fore and aft
load at the wheel centre due to braking affect torque reaction due to drive or
breaks and site thrusts at the radious of the tyre due to centrifugal force
when rounding a curve.
iv) Wheels and Tyres: Without wheel it is difficult to toe the vehicle. The
wheel along with tyre has to take the vehicle load provide a cushioning
effect and cope with the steering control.
2) The Power Plant or Engine: The Power Plant (Engine) provides the motive power for
all the various functions which the vehicle or any part of it, may be called upon to perform.
In automobiles generally I.C. Engine with spark or compressor ignition system are used.
The main components of an I.C. engine are:
i) Cylinder block and crankcase.
ii) Cylinder Head;
iii) Sump or oil span
iv) Many folds
v) Gaskets
vi) Cylinder
vii) Pistons
viii) Piston rings
ix) Connecting rods
x) Piston pins
xi) Cranks shaft
xii) Main bearing
xiii) Valves and valve actuating mechanism
xiv) Mufflers.
Some important system employed in engine for its right working are:-
i) Cooling System:- The head produced due to the combustion of fuel is not
converted into useful power at the crankshaft. 35% of fuel energy is lost to
the cylinder walls and if this heat is not removed from cylinder, it would
result in preignition of the charge. In addition the lubricant would also burn
away thereby causing the seizing of the piston. Excess heating will also
damage the cylinder material. So as to maintain the temperature below
certain limits some suitable means must be provided to dissipate the excess
heat from the cylinder walls.
Cooling beyond certain limit decrease its overall efficiency so it is also
undesirable. Its main components are:-
- Radiator
- Pressure cap and expansion reservoir
- Thermostat
- Water pump
- Fan
ii) Lubrication System:- It is provided to reduce friction between the moving
parts to its minimum value so that power loss is minimized. Also it reduces
wear of the moving parts as far as possible.
It provides cooling effect by absorbing heat at one point and delivering to
another by circulation. It provides cushion against the shocks present in the
 engine. It provides cleaning action as it dissolves many impurities during its
circulation.
3) The Transmission System:- Main components of main transmission system are:-
i) Clutch:- It enables the driver to disconnect the drive from the road wheels
instantaneously and to engage drive from the engine to the road wheels
gradually while moving the vehicle from rest.
ii) Gear Box:- It provides the necessary leverage variation between the engine
and the road wheels;
iii) Bevel Pinion & Crown Wheel:- They turn the drive round 90 degree and
also provide a permanent reduction in speed.
iv) Universal joints:- They provide a relative movement between the engine
and the drive wheels due to flexing of road springs;
v) Differential:- While taking turns, the driving wheels must turn at different
speeds; This is done with the help of differential;
4) The Controls:- Main components of control system are:-
i) Steering:- It is provided in the vehicle to steer the vehicle in the desired
direction;
ii) Breaks:- Breaks provides the function to stop the vehicle whenever required
to save the vehicles from collision or any other accident.
5) The Auxiliaries:-The principle one out of these in that it is common to almost all
types of vehicles; is the electrical equipments; this can be subdivided as :-
i) Supply system:- Battery & Dynamo
ii) The Starter
iii) The ignition system- battery and magneto ignition
iv) Auxiliary devices
a) Driving lights:- Head lights, tail lights etc.
b) Signaling: Horn, Direction indicators etc.
c) Other lights; interior, panel lights etc.
d) Misc.- radio, heater, fan etc.
e) The Super structure:- It is the body attached to the frame specially
built according to the desire shape and utilization of the vehicle.
 SAFETY GUIDE LINES

To avoid accident and to keep them far from mishappening following safety guideline
should be followed:-
1 Provide your utmost attention to the job and work quality.
2 Keep the tool with in yours convenient reach under your control Arrange neatly
without scattering them around and out of the way.
3 Always keep jack handles pointing to avoid tripping upto when creepers are not in
use stand them against the wall to avoid stumbling over them.
4 Be serious about work never including in horseplay or other foolish activities to
avoid injury to other.
5 Never put sharp object like screw driver in your pocket otherwise you will cut
yourself or get stabled or ruin the upholstery of a vehicle.
6 Always wear suitable clothes for the job otherwise serious injuries are liable,
because by cleaning sleeve or lies getting caught the machining sandals or open to
be worn should not be worn full leather with non skid rubber heel and shoes or steel
to safety shoe (be for shop work) should be worn.
7 To provide good grip on tool or part always wipe excess oil and grease up fly our
hand tool.
8 To avoid one slipping and one falling to the ground due to split oil or grease or any
liquid clean up immediately.
9 Compressed air should never be used to below dirt from your clothes compressed
an hose should never be pointed to any person because flying particles or chips may
harm him.
10 While welding and grinding always water out for flying speak when con set your
clothes on fire.
11 To hold the car safety and work under it safety always use for property locates car
stand and jack it up properly.
12 Use the engine cool for region job always a warning tool can cause accident and
could damage the part being working.
 Annexure "I"

Affidavit
I, Mahender Singh son of Late Shri Man Singh R/O Village & Post Office Saroa,
Tehsil, Chachiot, Distt. Mandi, presently residing at Chandigarh (Date of Birth
_____________ being an applicant for issue of passport, do hereby solemnly affirm and
state as follows: -
1. That the names of my parents and spouse are as follows:
(i) Father: Sh. Man Singh
(ii)Mother: Smt. Kala Devi
(iii)Wife: Smt. Hira Devi
2 .That I am continuously resident at the above mentioned address from__________
3 That I am citizen of India by birth and that I have neither acquired the citizenship of
another country nor have surrendered or been terminated/ deprived of my
citizenship of India.
4. That I have not at any time during the period of five years immediately preceding
the date of this affidavit been convicted by any court in India for any offence
involving moral turpitude and sentenced in respect thereof to imprisonment for not
less than two years;
5. That no proceedings in respect of any criminal offence alleged to have been
committed by me are pending before any criminal court in India.
6. That no warrant or summons for my appearance, and no warrant for my arrest, has
been issued by a court under any law for the time being in force, and that my
departure from India has not been prohibited by order of any such court;
7. That I have never been repatriated from abroad back to India at the expense of
Government of India/ I was repatriated from abroad back to India at the expense of
Government of India, but reimbursed expenditure incurred in connection with such
repatriation.
8. That I will not engage outside India in activities prejudicial to the sovereignty and
integrity of India;;
9. That my departure from India will not be detrimental to the security of India;
10. \That my presence outside India will not prejudice the friendly relations of India
with any foreign country.
DEPONENT
Place:________
Date:-________

VERIFICATION
Verified on ---------------------- at --------------------- that the contents of the above
mentioned affidavit are true and correct and nothing material has been concealed.

DEPONENT.