The stylistic analysis of the text A secret for two 1.

. Expressive means of a language are those linguistic forms and properties that have the potential to make the utterance emphatic or expressive. These can be found on all levels phonetic, graphical, morphological, lexical or syntactical. The most powerful expressive means of any language are the phonetic ones. The human voice can indicate subtle nuances of meaning that no other means can attain. Pitch melody, stress, pausation, drawling, drawling out certain syllable, whispering, a sing-song manner of speech and other ways of using the voice are more effective than any other means in intensifying the utterance emotionally or logically. In the text A secret for two are the following: hey, Pierre; no...no...you; well... Among the morphologic expressive means the use of the Present Indefinite instead of the Past Indefinite must be mentioned first. In describing some past event the author uses the present tense, achieving a more vivid picturisation of what was going on. The use of shall in the second and third person may also be regarded as an expressive means. In our text we dont have such expressive means. At the lexical level there are a great many words, which have their inner expressiveness. There are words with emotive meaning only, like interjections, words which have both referential and emotive meaning like some of the qualitative adjectives; words, which belong to special groups of literary English or of non-standard English (poetic, archaic, slang, vulgar, etc.) and some other groups. In A secret for two we have many foreign words, such as: cul-de-sac; bon jour vieille ami; avance mon ami; mais oui; au voir; monsieur; one grows old; ones legs get tired. At the syntactical level there are many constructions which, being set against synonymous ones, will reveal a certain degree of logical or emotional emphasis or stylistic invers, but in our text the author doesnt use them. 2. A number of stylistic devices are based on the peculiar use of lexical meanings. There are three types of meaning: logical, emotive and nominal. Logical meaning is the name by which we recognize the whole of the concept. The text A secret for two is full of these words: city, streets, blocks,horse and many other. Emotive meaning also materializes a concept in the word, but they have reference not directly to things or phenomena of objective reality. In our text the author uses a lot of adjectives to create emotive meanings: kind; gentle; beautiful; softly, splendid; smart etc. To nominal meaning are words, which, while expressing concepts, indicate a particular object out of class. In the text we find such words like: Prince Edward Street; St. Catherine Street; St. Joseph. 3. We may represent the whole of the word stock of the English language as being divided into three main layers: - the literary layer, - the neutral layer and colloquial layer. The literary vocabulary consists of the following groups of words: common literary, terms and learned words, poetic words, archaic words, barbarisms and foreign words, literary coinages including nonce-words. In our text we find foreign words like:cul-de-sac; bon jour vieille ami; avance mon ami; mais oui; au voir; monsieur. The neutral words, which form the biggest part of the English vocabulary, are used in both literary and colloquial language. Neutral words are the main source of synonymy and polysemy.

In the text we have polysemantic words: head; eyes; heart and other words. The colloquial vocabulary falls into the following groups: common colloquial words, slang, jargonisms, professional words, dialectal words, vulgar words, colloquial coinages. In the text we found the following words: milk company, wagon, driver, reins, pulling. 4. In order to make the text more interesting and musical one, the author uses stylistic devices. In our text we have the following stylistic devices: antithesis: every house that received milk, and every house that did not. the structure gives more familiarity and shows that characters were very meticulously; personification: Joseph, got to know, the horse smiled at Pierre, smart horse in this way the horse becomes a character, the narrator and Pierre reveal their tender attitude toward an animal; allusion: a blind man could deliver my milk with Joseph pulling the wagon Pierre knew he had some problems with eyesight and he gave hints to others; epithet: huge walrus mustache it sounds like a simile because the Pierres mustache are as huge as walrus ones; wonderful memory he had a good memory; synecdoche: legs get tired actually Pierre got tired, he wanted to say that he is old; allusion: "One grows old. One's legs get tired." wee all get old some day; syndeton: "One grows old. One's legs get tired." the omission of conjunction makes a little confusion: who really gets old: the horse or Pierre? Whose legs get tired: his or horse? its a reflection with different interpretations; Irony: Well, you should teach that horse to carry the milk to the front door for you its a joke with ironic purpose: Pierre is old and is not able anymore to work.Emotional climax: Watch how he talks to that horse. See how the horse listens and how he turns his head toward Pierre? See the look in that horse's eyes? it stresses the emotional intensity got by Jacques analyzing Pierre, and he wants to capture presidents attention playing with his emotiveness; epithet: smile tenderly people were smiling with satisfaction, with a lot of admiration; antithesis: As Pierre sat in his seat, with Joseph tied to the wagon, neither seemed old. . But when they finished their work then Pierre walked lamely down the street,seeming very old indeed the narrator wants to reveal the magic power that persisted between Pierre-Joseph when they worked together, so they make up a dialectical couple. 5. Stylistic potential of the part of speech. In our text we have mostly used the stylistic potential of the adjective. There are a lot of adjectives used by the author in making his characterization of the horse, to make a personification: that is a kind horse, a gentle and faithful horse, Pierre said, and I can see a beautiful spirit shining out of the eyes of the horse. I will name him after good St. Joseph, who was also kind and gentle and faithful and a beautiful spirit. Verbs are as usually in the past: received, arrived, stopped, smiled, said; would call, would go, would wait, would turn around. 6. Decoding stylistics is the most recent trend in stylistic research that employs theoretical findings
in such areas of science as information theory, psychology, statistical studies in combination with linguistics, literary theory, history of art, literary criticism. Ideas, events, characters, emotions and an

author's attitudes are all encoded in the text through language. The reader is expected to perceive and decipher these things by reading and interpreting the text. Decoding stylistics is actually the

reader's stylistics that is engaged in recreating the author's vision of the world with the help of concrete text elements and their interaction throughout the text. Convergence is a technique that
implies a combination or accumula-tion of stylistic devices promoting the same idea, emotion or motive. As we saw above we have a lot of stylistic devices that the author uses in the text. Defeated expectancy is a technique used by the author with the help of irony in making the final to be unexpected, after reading the text we understand that Pierre was blind and at the end they died. Coupling is another technique that helps in decoding the message implied in a literary work. Coupling is more than many other devices connected with the level of the text. This method of text analysis helps us to decode ideas, their interaction, inner semantic and structural links and ensures compositional integrity. Coupling is based on the affinity of elements that occupy similar po-sitions throughout the text. Coupling provides cohesion, consistency and unity of the text form and content; and in our text we find that exist a coerence between the message, the theme and idea. Semantic field is a technique that implies the thematic word of the passage is friendship. In a relation of friendship we have a secret, that is in the title , we have two friends Pierre and the horse.