4/18/11 3:04 AM Changan City of Enduring Peace o Capital of both the Han and Tang Dynasties o Largest city

y in the world o Model city o Layout based on cosmological principles o North south axis o Emperor faced south when sitting down and all important things also faced south, north is the direction of danger o Rectangular, surrounded by a wall, important people lived in imperial city, outer city broken into 110 wards o Buildings were of wood and plaster raised on tall stone bases with tiled roofs International City o People from all over the world and many kinds of religion Tang Tomb Figurines During the Tang dynasty they used ceramic figurines Things the deceased may use in the afterlife Fired clay, glazed or painted Usually about 2-3 feet tall Tomb Guardian o Supposed to protect from things that may invade the tomb Ceramic Ewer Female Musicians Ceramic All-Girl Band Ceramic All-Boy Band o Differences of design in the rugs and instruments Ceramic Horse o Tang 8th Century o Horses of Fergana were so prized so thats why they were placed in tombs, ceramic style Court Painting o Painters were kept busy by the emperors recording cultural and social events o Six Canons of Painting Spirit consonance/resonance

Proper structural method Portraying the form faithfully Applying color in a manner that are correct Place elements correctly Transmit an experience of past through copying

Han Gan o Painted horses o Prized animals o Able to paint the spirit Zhou Fang o Hnadscroll shows palace women o Dressed in scarves and silks with Persian influence o Tang style of feminine beauty o Ladies in waiting Ink and color on silk Colorplate 9 Inside or outside Why are some larger What are they doing? How do we know they are court women? Format? Landscape painting o Used as background for narrative or historical paintings o Flight of Ming Huang emperor to Shu o Emperors concubine helped rebel captain An Lushan and got him into power o Emperor had to leave o Continuous narrative format o Emperor dressed in red o Concubines follow

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Song Dynasty
Song

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Capital Kaifeng Pressed south and must start new capital at Hangzhou Northern Song: Monumental style = Confucian order Southern Song: Lyric style= Daoist renunciation and spontaneous chan style = Buddhist style Li Cheng o Buddhist temple in the mountains after the rain Monumental Style Details on course web Hanging scroll Ink on silk Comparasion Tang -Nature as background for story Song -Nature for natures sake T- Ink and color (blue/green style) S- Gradations of ink only Created through numerous small, careful strokes o Travelers admist mountains and streams Scroll ink and slight color on silk Thought nature was the best teacher Sense of order in nature conveyed by fundamentally Conucian in concept Fans o Xia Gui o Southern Song o Very misty, you see small parts of nature, lyrics o A lot of empty space o Sailboat in the Rain Ink on silk, fan painting 1200 The flight of the song court caused the subjects to become rivers lakes and mist o 12 views from a thatched cottage section of handscroll ink on silk 12th century N Song versus S Song

o Format: hanging scroll versus handscroll o Landscapes: Craggy Peaks vs. misty lowlands o Painting Tech.: outline/wash/strokes vs wash with touches of dark ink o Perspectives: fore/middle/background vs. foreground only Zen o S Song o Muqi o Six persimmons o Ink on Paper o Inspired by Zen Buddhism o Muqi was a Zen priest o Could be Buddha and 5 disciples 16.2 16.4 16.6

Recitation
Changan First planned city Cosmological priciples International city Tang Tomb Figurines Ceramic All-girl band o Camels are used for the silk trade Tri-color glazed ceramic horse o Status symbol of the horse Court Painting They record court life Each court painters have their specialty Han Gran o Two horses and groom o Ink and pigment on silk o Central Asian aspect Ferghana Beard Asian Groom o Red Seals are marks of who owned the piece Figure Painting Ladies in Waiting o Zhou Fang o Ink and color on silk o The ladies of the palace are the subject o Set the ideal of beauty o Fashions of the day o Persian influence o Difference of Figure size Hierarchical Difference Landscape painting Min Huang Emperors journey into Shu o 10th Century o Background for narrative or historical paintings o Continuous narrative format man o Many different time in one picture o Passage of time

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Song Dynasty North Song- Kaifeng - Monumental Southern Song- Hangzhou Lyric and zen This displacement changed the character of the art Confucianism, Daoism and chan Buddhism Buddhist Temple in the Mountains After Rain o Fan Kuan o Hanging Scroll o Ink on silk o Northern Song o All about nature o Large difference between tang landscape The subject and the stroke method Travelers amidst mountains and streams o Northern song o C. 1000 o Monumental composition o Meticulously treated All kinds of careful brush stroke Carful structure of nature Required very technically understanding o Firsthand and intimately observed experience

4/18/11 3:04 AM Koryo Dynasty Wang Gon Capital SOngdo Buddhism o Wang had ten injuctions making Buddhism as state religion o Full support by royal family Confucianism also became popular Amida Buddha- Buddha of the western paradise o Pure land Buddhism following instability caused by attacks o Caused higher faith in the reincarnation in the west pure land o Amida Triad 14th Century Hanging scroll Ink, color gold on silk 2 Boddhisatva On chest is swastika, light that illuminates the realm Chakra Round medallions Stand on lotus pedestals for western paradise Mudra Kannon carries water sprinkler and wears crown with Buddha Seishi has a different crown with the water sprinkler in it All natural inks, lines and inks on front and main inks on back o Water moon kannon One of the most favored Boddhisattvas Flower Garland Sutra Steep mountain island, kannons abode Small boy in corner Sudhana Water sprinkler with a willow branch o Celadon High fired, green glazed Made for the rich Water Sprinklet

Celadon and silver Incised and carved water birds and willows Celadon vvase Inlaid design on figures, plants and garden rocks Inlaid lazquer Paintings of Literati Gatherings Documentation of actual events Gatherings of State-Examination Alumni Archery Contest Gathering of Government Officials from the Ministry of Finance Joseon Ink and color on silk hanging scroll

Japan
Nara

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Chinese Culture Heian Period Closed diplomatic ties with China Golden age of the court Kamakura Period Rise of military class Heian Capital Heian-hyo Modeled after Changan Life of Women at the Heian Court Lived inside seldom traveled outside Hidden by screens and cloth Wrapped in 12 layers of robes Only applies to women of the court Ideal beautry similar to Tang syle o Powdered faces, thick painted eyebrows small red lips Yamato-e Japanese sytle painting Japanese subjects Bright colors Used for illustrating narratives The tale of Genji Written by court woman Murasaki Shikibu 1000 54 Chapters Prince Genji is hero, has a bunch of affairs, kind of like soap opera Hand scroll format o 5 teams worked on each project o Aristocrats produced the calligraphy Stylized manner of depicting faces o Narrow slit eyes o Hooked noses o Rose bud mouth o Fake high eyebrows Women playing go on veranda o Color plate 15

o o o o

Genji monogatari emaki Kaoru competes for the hand of emperors niece Has to accept a child that isnt his to avoid embarrassment Sharp diagonals mark the anger

Late Heian Series of family feuds break into warfare Power removed by a group of military leaders Heiji Monogatari Tale of the Heiji, Burning of the Sanjo Palace Narrates the story of the Heiji War at the end of the Heian period Palace is torched after capturing the retired emperor Go Shirakakwa Palace staff and women are killed Court women jump into a well to try to escape

Recitation

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Song Dynasty Xia Gui o Lyric style o Rivers and mists of south china o Spontaneous style and a shorthand manner of suggesting form o Potential and the vitality which the void nature have o Compare with North Song Koryo dynasty Buddhism has full support Amida Triad o Descending Amida o Buddha of western paradise o Popularity of pure land Buddhism, sect o Can see him by seeing the golden marks o Swastika and chakra o Only on Korean Buddha paintings o Round medallions on robe as well o Seishi and Kannon Govern the afterlife of dead Bodhisattva of mercy Ways to recognize each o Painted using naturally occurring materials o Lead, mercury, copper, and gold o Lines and inks on front, main inks were on the back Kannon o Flower garland sutra o Great influence on Koryo Buddhism o Seated in the lotus postion Kannons abode o Small boy visiting, sudhan Celadon o Distinctive type of porcelain green glaze o Made for the rich Heian period Tale of Genji

Worlds first novel Court woman 54 chapters, super long 3 generations Mono no aware the sadness of life Karmic consequences What goes around come around o Composition Architectural elements play a large role The veranda and the hanging cloth screen make sharp angle representing the emotions of Genji o Tamoto-e Native Japanese style painting Japanese subjects Narratives Bright colors and fine lines o o o o o SAMURI! Late o o o o Heian period Heiji Monogatari Narrates story of the Heiji War Burning of the Sanjo palace War vs elegant court life Emotion in the peoples faces Not static o Great appeal for hero warshipping China : Tang 14.7 14.8 color plate 9 Song 16.2 16.4 Japan CP 15 fig 25.4

Ashikaga Period

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Poverty caused by war Wabi- honest integrity most important, poverty without impoverishment Sabi timeworn, appreciation of old rather than new Shibui astringent, bitter but refreshing like the taste of green tea Ashikaga controlled Japan Shoguns collected Zen-influenced ink paintings built villas, no^, not no drama, tea ceremony Seven qualities of zen inspired art o Should be able to use 3 Asymmetry Non-attachment (being without form) Naturalness (without pretense) Simplicity (artless simple beauty) Silence (inward looking mind) Seasoned austerity Profound subtlety (limitless implication) Sesshu Toyo o Went to China o Winter landscape Hanging scroll ink on paper o Founder of ink painting in Japan o Was a priest at a famous Zen temple in Kyoto where he was able to see many Chinese paintings o Paints on paper, simplicity as opposed to silk o Landscape Hanging scroll ink on paper Asymmetry, non attachment, natural, simplicity, silence, seasoned, subtlety Kinkakuji (gold pavilion o Retirement villa Used for tea drinking art collecting, moon viewing, poetry writing o 3 storied structure o Pavilion burned in 1950 by a crazy acolyte protesting the commercialism of Buddhism

o Ceiling of upper story was guilded, but when rebuilt it was all gold o Gold symbolizes Buddhist paradise o Reserver for buddhsit images o Gold reminds us what is inside Silver Pavilion o Built after civil war o Kyoto is in ruins o Things must be built on a much less grand scale o Never covered with silver o Wabi and Sabi o Moon viewing High mica content causese sand to glitter in moonlight o Dojinsai tea room Shoin style = desk/study Shoki, paper sliding windows Staggered shelves o Water garden and dry rock garden With moon viewing platform Wet sand is re raked daily

4/18/11 3:04 AM

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Castle and Tea

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Momoyama Period Edo/Tokugawa period Himeiji (White Heron Castle) Largest and oldest castle in Japan Made of wood and plaster, susceptible to fire, tile roofs Interlocking compounds and dead ends past the moat, narrow gates etc. Slitted windows for muskets Bottlenecked into the gateways Huge stone walls around the castle o No mortar Stone dropping windows Large powerful motifs, use of gold and bright colors= wealth and power Gold and color used in public spaces Kano Eitoku Castle Painter Cypress Tree o Painted on four sliding doors for a large room is now mounted as folding screen o Large scale motifs, bright color, use of gold, o Not signed o Ink, color, gold on paper o We only see a small part of the tree Tea Ceremony Integral part of zen life Matcha is a thick green tea Sen no Rikyu The most famous tea master of all was Sen no Rikyu Designed Tai-an, tea house for him to get rid of daily stress Tea house o Chill in garden first o Tiny door forces humility , no one has any rank in tea house Tai-an Teahouse o Tokonoma (alcove) displays painting o Wood is unfinished, very basic

o Tea Preparation Cold water jar Bamboo water scoop, kettle powdered tea, bamboo scoop, wisk, bowl Tea bowls Lots of shapes, simple matte or ash glaze o Chojiro made teabowls Raku happiness was printed on it Raku ware= handmade Momoyama period o Teabowl by Honnami Koetsu Raku ware, edo period Did a bunch of stuff, pottery, calligraphy, etc

Recitation

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Zen Buddhism Meditative sect of Buddhism Seven qualities o Asymmetry, nonattachment, naturalness, simplicity, silence, seasoned austerity, profound subtlety Wabi honesty integrity, sabi - timeworn, shibui- astringent Sesshu Toyo Winter landscape o A zen priest Founder of ink painting in Japan Focus on foreground, background is omitted by suble brushstrokes Spontaneous and natural Deemphasized complexity of nature Everything is reduced to essentials Studied in china and learned from china Zen priests Haboku style landscape o Sesshu, splashed ink, spntaneeous style o Assymmetry, non attachment, naturalness, simplicity, silence, austerity, subtlety Golden Pavilion o 3 stories o First floor- guests can relax and view lake and garden o Second floor l shaped monks study o Moon viewing o Third floor small private zen chapel

Edo or Tokugawa Period

4/18/11 3:04 AM

New capital around Edo, modern Tokyo New urban bourgeoisie which funds art but lacks political power Allowed brothels and kabuki theatre in order to take money away from bourgeoisie and prevent them from accumulating power Ukiyo Floating world First appeared as a Buddhist word for impermanence Used to describe these types of things in a more positive way Brocade prints Multicolored prints using block printing Different block for each color Kabuki Theatre Prints were used to advertise and as souvenirs Kabuki was preformed by men to keep it from getting too rowdy Actor Danjuro V Designed by Utagawa Kunimasa Actor is Ebizo in a Kabuki role Less than 6 colors Striking abstract design Yoshiwara Brothel district Utamaro o Best known for beautiful women of all classes o Close up portraits Selected love poems Portrays women affected by love and longing o Matron in love o Probably a prostitute because her shirt is so open Hokusai o Produced a wide range of prints Drew everything o Interested in scientific introductions from the west o Famous series, 36 Views of Mount Fuji Red Fuji At sunrise or sunset The Great Wave

Mt Fuji in the background

Recitation

4/18/11 3:04 AM

Three Unifiers Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoski and Tokugawaw Ieyasu Momoyama Period Nob- abolished ashikaga shogunate Hide unified the country Hogyo Prefecture Western province, given to son and was rebuilt by him Why build this kind of castle o To defend themselves Influenced by Europe, many types of defense Series of interlocking compounds Narrow gateways, castle keep, moats, enormous castle walls and tile roof, slit windows, stone dropping windows o Can show authority and power o Castle decoration- to show authority Sudden spate of castle building Kano Eitoku Cypress tree Mounted as folding screen Symbols of Power Ink and color with gold leaf on paper Gold shows power The omission of the rest part to strengthen the size 6 feet tall with motifs huge and large Shiny background, blue water symbolizes wealth and power Big bold brush stoke 25.7 7b 9 10 26.1b .3 and the gold, silver Ukiyo-e

Picture of the floating world Popular woodblock prints Ukiyo- Buddhist term, used tongue in cheek for earthly pleasures Subject- world of Kabuki theater, pleasure district Advertisement targeting the merchant class

Joseon

Production of Ukiyo-e prints o Publishers painters, woodblock carvers, and the printer mass production Nishiki-e o Multi colored prints Danjuro o Utagawa Kunimasa o Kabuki actor, Danjuro V o Shows actor Ebizo in the Kabuki role of Danjuro o Elaborate costume and make up o Striking abstract design Utamaro o Matron in Love o Images of beautiful women Selected Love Poems Portrays women effected by love and longing Beauties from Yoshiwara to advertise them Close up bust portrait use striking patterns of hair and hairpins Shows nape of the neck Erotically attractive Katshushika Hokusai o Great wave One of 36 views of mount fugi Studies of the mountain under various atmospheric conditions Backdrop to activities of the common people Figures reduced to a minimal number of brush strokes Period and Late Joseon Period Kim Hond-do Danwon o Court painter o Jung in class, lower class o Life of commoners o Danwon Genre Paintings 25 images of labor and leisure Result of direct observations and sketches

 26.25 26.26 27 Kim hondgo

Expressed the expression filled faces and emotion

Tang Dyansty Song Dyansty Lyric style, monumental sytle Heian period o Handscroll painting o