Wind Loads UK - Portal Frame WE

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)
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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame
Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by
Laurent Narboux C M King
Date Date
Nov 2006 Dec 2006
Localized resource for UK

A single bay portal frame made of rolled profiles is designed according to EN 1993-1-1. This worked example includes the elastic analysis of the frame using first order theory, and all the verifications of the members under ULS combinations.
Created on Saturday, December 03, 2011 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
5,988
7,30
,0 72
0 7,2
[m] 30,00
1 Basic data
Total length : Spacing: Bay width : Height (max): Roof slope:
3,00 3,00
b = 72.00 m s = 7.20 m d = 30.00 m h = 7.30 m = 5.0

3,00 3,00 3,00
1 : Torsional restraints
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2 Loads
2.1 Permanent loads
self-weight of the beam roofing with purlins for an internal frame: G = 0.30 kN/m2 G = 0.30 7.20 = 2.16 kN/m EN 1991-1-1
2.2 Snow loads

Characteristic values for snow loading on the roof in [kN/m] S = 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.772 = 0.618 kN/m for an internal frame: S = 0.618 7.20 = 4.45 kN/m
s = 4,45 kN/m
EN 1991-1-3
7,30 30,00 [m]
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2.3 Wind loads

Characteristic values for wind loading in kN/m for an internal frame
wind direction Zone G: w = 9,18 Zone D: w = 4,59 Zone E: w = 3,28 Zone H: w = 5,25 Zone J: w = 5,25 Zone I: w = 5,25
EN 1991-1-4
e/10 = 1,46
1,46 30,00
3 Load combinations
EN 1990
3.1 Partial safety factor

Gmax = 1.35 Gmin = 1.0 Q = 1.50 0 = 0.50 0 = 0.60 M0 = 1.0 M1 = 1.0
(permanent loads) (permanent loads) (variable loads) (snow) (wind) EN 1990 Table A1.1
3.2 ULS Combinations

Combination 101 : Combination 102 : Combination 103 : Combination 104 : Combination 105 : Combination 106 :
EN 1990
Gmax G + Q Qs Gmin G + Q Qw Gmax G + Q Qs + Q 0 Qw Gmin G + Q Qs + Q 0 Qw Gmax G + Q 0 Qs + Q Qw Gmin G + Q 0 Qs + Q Qw
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3.3 SLS Combinations

Combinations and limits should be specified for each project or by National Annex.
EN 1990
4 Sections
4.1 Column
Try UKB 610x229x125 Steel grade S275 Depth Web Depth h = 612.2 mm hw = 573.0 mm dw = 547.6 mm
tf
tw y hw y
Depth of straight portion of the web Width Web thickness Flange thickness Fillet Mass Section area b = 229.0 mm tw = 11.9 mm tf = 19.6 mm r = 12.7 mm 125.1 kg/m A = 159 cm2
b z
Second moment of area /yy Iy = 98600 cm4 Second moment of area /zz Iz = 3930 cm4 Torsion constant Warping constant Elastic modulus /yy Plastic modulus /yy Elastic modulus /zz Plastic modulus /zz It = 154 cm4 Iw = 3.45 x 106 cm6 Wel,y = 3220 cm3 Wpl,y = 3680 cm3 Wel,z = 343 cm3 Wpl,z = 535 cm3
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4.2 Rafter
Try UKB 457x191x89 Steel grade S275 Depth Web Depth h = 463.4 mm hw = 428.0 mm dw = 407.6 mm Width Web thickness Flange thickness Fillet Mass
Depth of straight portion of the web b = 191.9 mm tw = 10.5 mm tf = 17.7 mm r = 10.2 mm 89.3 kg/m A = 114 cm2
Section area
Second moment of area /yy Iy = 41000 cm4 Second moment of area /zz Iz = 2090 cm4 Torsion constant Warping constant Elastic modulus /yy Plastic modulus /yy Elastic modulus /zz Plastic modulus /zz It = 90.7 cm4 Iw = 1.04 x 106 cm6 Wel,y = 1770 cm3 Wpl,y = 2014 cm3 Wel,z = 218 cm3 Wpl,z = 338 cm3
5 Global analysis
The joints are assumed to be: pinned for column bases rigid for beam to column.
EN 1993-1-1 5.2
The frame has been modelled using the EFFEL program.
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EN 1993-1-1 In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the frame to 2 order effects, a buckling 5.2.1 analysis is performed to calculate the buckling amplification factor cr for the load combination giving the highest vertical load: max G + Q QS (combination 101).
nd
5.1 Buckling amplification factor cr
For this combination: cr = 12.74 The first buckling mode is shown hereafter.
So :
cr = 12.74 > 10
First order elastic analysis may be used.
EN 1993-1-1 5.2.1 (3)
5.2 Effects of imperfections

The global initial sway imperfection may be determined from
EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (3)
= 0 h m =
where
1 0.740 0.866 = 3.204 10 3 200
0 = 1/200 h =
2 2 = = 0.740 h 7.30
1 ) = 0.866 m
m = 0.5(1 +
m = 2 (number of columns)
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Sway imperfections may be disregarded where HEd 0.15 VEd. The effects of initial sway imperfection may be replaced by equivalent horizontal forces:
Heq = VEd in the combination where HEd < 0.15 VEd
EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (4)
The following table gives the reactions at supports.

Left column 1 ULS Comb. HEd,1 kN 101 102
Right column 2 HEd,2 Kn 122.4 -24.47 89.48 77.01 26.72 14.25 VEd,2 kN -172.4 58.19 -105.3 -86.56 -10.57 8.17 HEd kN 0 70.69 42.42 42.42 70.69 70.69
Total VEd kN -344.70 138.9 -197.1 -159.6 1.40 38.88 51.70 20.83 29.56 23.93 0.21 5.83
VEd,1 kN -161.5 80.74 -91.77 -73.03 11,97 30.71
0.15 VEd
-125.5 95.16 -47.06 -34.59 43.97 56.44
103 104 105 106
The sway imperfection has only to be taken into for the combination 101:
VEd Heq = .VEd
EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (7)
kN 172.4
kN 0.552
Modelling with Heq for the combination 101
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5.3 Results of the elastic analysis

5.3.1 Serviceability limit states
Combinations and limits should be specified for each project or in National Annex. For this example, the deflections obtained by modeling are as follows:
Vertical deflections:
EN 1993-1-1 7 and EN 1990
G + Snow: Snow only:

Horizontal deflections:
Dy = 164 mm = L/183 Dy = 105 mm = L/286
Deflection at the top of column by wind only

Dx = 38 mm = h/157
5.3.2 Ultimate limit states

Moment diagram in kNm Combination 101:
Combination 102:
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Combination 103:
Combination 104:
Combination 105:
Combination 106:
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6 Column verification
Profile UKB 610x229x125 - S275 ( = 0.92)
The verification of the member is carried out for the combination 101 :
NEd = VEd = MEd =
161.5 kN (assumed to be constant along the column) 122.4 kN (assumed to be constant along the column) 755 kNm (at the top of the column)
6.1 Classification of the cross section
Web:
dN =
The web slenderness is c / tw = 46.02

N Ed 161500 = = 49.35 mm t w f y 11.9 275
EN 1993-1-1 5.5
d w + d N 547.6 + 49.35 = = 0.545 > 0.50 2d w 2 547.6

396 0.92 = 59.87 13 0.545 1
The limit for Class 1 is : 396 / (13 -1) = Then : c / tw = 46.02 < 59.87
Flange:
The web is class 1.
The flange slenderness is c / tf = 95.9/ 19.6= 4.89 The flange is Class 1
The limit for Class 1 is : 9 = 9 0.92 = 8.28 Then : c / tf = 4.89 < 8.28
So the section is Class 1. The verification of the member will be based on the plastic resistance of the cross-section.
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6.2 Resistance of cross section

NOTE: This example uses a value for yield strength of 275 N/mm2, irrespective of flange thickness. The UK National Annex requires yield strength to be taken from the product standard, which will reduce the value for thicknesses over 16 mm. (UK NA still to be confirmed at April 2007) Verification to shear force
Shear area :
Av = A - 2btf + (tw+2r)tf
2
Av = 15900 2 229 19.6 + (11.9 + 2 12.7) 19.6 = 7654 mm Av > .hw.tw = 6819 mm2 ( = 1)
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.8 (2)
OK
Vpl,Rd = Av (fy /
3 ) /M0 = (7654275/ 3 )10-3
Vpl,Rd = 1215 kN VEd / Vpl,Rd = 122.4 / 1215 = 0.10 < 0.50 The effect of the shear force on the moment resistance may be neglected.
Verification to axial force
Npl,Rd = A fy / M0 = (15900 275/1.0) 10-3 Npl,Rd = 4372.5 kN NEd = 161.5 kN < 0.25 Npl,Rd = 0.25 x 4372.5 = 1093.1 kN and NEd = 161.5 kN <
0.5hw t w f y 0.5 573 11.9 275 = = 937.6 kN 1 103
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.4
M0
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.8 (2)
The effect of the axial force on the moment resistance may be neglected.
Verification to bending moment
Mpl,y,Rd = (3680 275/1.0) 10-3 Mpl,y,Rd = 1012 kNm My,Ed = 755 kNm < Mpl,y,Rd = 1012 kNm OK
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.5
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6.3 Buckling resistance

The buckling resistance of the column is sufficient if the following conditions EN 1993-1-1 are fulfilled (no bending about the weak axis, Mz,Ed = 0): 6.3.3
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M1
N Ed + k zy y N Rk
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
The kyy and kzy factors will be calculated using the Annex A of EN 1993-1-1. The frame is not sensitive to second order effects (cr = 12.7> 10). Then the EN 1993-1-1 buckling length for in-plane buckling may be taken equal to the system length. 5.2.2 (7) Lcr,y = 5.99 m Note: For a single bay symmetrical frame that is not sensitive to second order effects, the check for in-plane buckling is generally not relevant. The verification of the cross-sectional resistance at the top of the column will be determinant for the design. Regarding the out-of-plane buckling, the member is laterally restrained at both ends only. Then : Lcr,z = 5.99 m Lcr,LT = 5.99 m
Buckling about yy
and
Lcr,y = 5.99 m
h/b = 2.67 > 1.2 and tf = 19.6 < 40 mm Buckling curve : a (y = 0.21)
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (2) Table 6.1 EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 (1)
N cr,y = 2
EI y L2 y cr,
210000 98600 10 4 =2 =56956 kN 59902 103
y =
Af y N cr,y
15900 275 = 0.277 56956 103
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y = 0.5 1 + y 0.2 + y = 0.5 [1 + 0.21(0.277 0.2) + 0.2772 ]= 0.546

2
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (1)
y =
y + y
2
2 y
1 0.546 + 0.546 2 0.277 2
= 0.984
Buckling about zz
Lcr,z = 5.99 m
Buckling curve : b (z = 0.34)
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (2) Table 6.1 EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 (1)
N cr,z = 2
EI z 210000 3930 10 4 = 2270 kN =2 L2 z 5990 2 103 cr,
z =
Af y N cr,z
15900 275 = 1.388 2270 10 3
z = 0.5 1 + z 0.2 + z = 0.5 [1 + 0.34(1.388 0.2 ) + 1.3882 ] = 1.665

2
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (1)
z =
z + z2
2 z
1 1.665 + 1.6652 1.3882
= 0.387
Lateral torsional buckling
Lcr,LT = 5.99 m EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3 Table 6.5 NCCI SN003
Buckling curve : c (LT = 0.49) Moment diagram with linear variation : = 0

M cr = C1
M cr = 1.77
2
C1 = 1.77
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
I W Lcr,LT GI t + IZ 2 EI Z
4 6
210000 3930 10
5990 10
2
3.45 10 5990 80770 154 10 + 2 4 3930 10 210000 3930 10 4

12 2
Mcr = 1517 kNm

3680 103 275 = 0.817 1517 106
LT =
Wpl,y f y M cr
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LT = 0.5 1 + LT LT LT,0 + LT
with LT,0 = 0.40 and =0.75
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3 (1)
LT = 0.5 [1 + 0.49(0.817 0.4) + 0.75 0.8172 ] = 0.852

LT =
1
2 LT + LT LT 2
1 0.852 + 0.8522 0.75 0.817 2
= 0.754
The influence of the moment distribution on the design buckling resistance moment of the beam is taken into account through the f-factor :
f = 1 0.5 (1 k c ) 1 2 LT 0.8 1 = 0.752 where: kc = 1.33 0.33
)]
2
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3 (2) Table 6.6
( = 0)
2
f = 1 0.5 (1 0.752) 1 2(0.817 0.8) = 0.876 < 1 0.754 = 0.861 < 1 LT,mod = LT = f 0.876
Calculation of the factors kyy and kzy according to Annex A of EN 1993-1-1 EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
N Ed 161.5 1 N cr, y 56956 y = = = 0.999 N Ed 161.5 1 y 1 0.984 N cr, y 56956 1

N Ed 161.5 1 N cr,z 2270 z = = 0.955 = 161.5 N Ed 1 z 1 0.387 2270 N cr,z 1
wy = wz =
Wpl,y Wel,y Wpl,z Wel,z
= =
3680 = 1.143 < 1.5 3220 535 = 1.56 > 1.5 343 wz = 1.5
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
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M cr,0 = C1
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
NCCI SN003
Mcr,0 is the critical moment for the calculation of 0 for uniform bending moment as specified in Annex A. C1 = 1
M cr,0 = 1
2 210000 3930 10 4
5990 2 106
3.45 1012 5990 2 80770 154 10 4 + 3930 10 4 2 210000 3930 10 4
M cr,o = 857.2 kNm
0 =
Wpl,y f y M cr,o
3680 103 275 = = 1.087 857.2 106

N Ed N )(1 Ed ) N cr,z N cr,TF
(doubly
0 lim = 0.2 C1 4 (1
with Ncr,TF = Ncr,T
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
symmetrical section)
Critical axial force in the torsional buckling mode
N cr,T
2 EI w A = (GI t + ) I0 h2
NCCI SN003
For a doubly symmetrical section,

2 2 I 0 = I y + I z + ( y0 + z0 ) A = 98600 + 3930 = 102530 cm4
N cr,T =
15900 210000 3.45 1012 (80770 154 10 4 + 2 ) 10 3 4 2 102530 10 5990
Ncr,T = 5019 kN So: 0 lim = 0.2 1.77 4 (1

161.5 161.5 )(1 ) = 0.259 2270 5019
0 > 0 lim Section susceptible to torsional deformations
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C my = C my,0 + (1 C my,0 )
y a LT
1 + y a LT
with
y =
M y,Ed A 755 103 159 10 2 = 23.08 (class 1) = N Ed Wel,y 161.5 3220 103
154 It = 0.998 = 1 Iy 98600
and aLT = 1
Calculation of the factor Cmy,0
Cmy,0 = 0.79 + 0.21 y + 0.36( y 0.33)
N Ed N cr,y
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A Table A2
y =0
Cmy,0
161.5 = 0.79 0.1188 = 0.790 56956
Calculation of the factors Cmy and Cm,LT :

C my = Cmy,0 + (1 C my,0 ) y aLT 1 + y aLT
Cmy = 0.790 + (1 0.790)
23.08 0.998 = 0.964 1 + 23.08 0.998

1
2 C mLT = C my
a LT (1 N Ed N )(1 Ed ) N cr,z N cr,T
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
CmLT = 0.964 2
0.998 = 0.978 < 1 161.5 161.5 (1 )(1 ) 2270 5019
CmLT = 1
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Calculation of the factors Cyy and Czy :
C yy = 1 + ( wy 1)[(2
W 1.6 2 1.6 2 2 Cmy max Cmy max )npl bLT ] el,y wy wy Wpl,y
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
npl =
N Ed 161.5 103 = 0.037 = N Rk / M1 159 102 275 / 1
Mz,Ed = 0 bLT = 0 and d LT = 0

Cyy = 1 + (1.143 1) [(2
max = z = 1.388
1.6 1.6 0.9642 1.388 0.9642 1.3882 ) 0.037] 1.143 1.143
Cyy = 0.988 Cyy >

Wel,y Wpl,y
3220 = 0.875 3680
OK
Czy = 1 + ( wy 1)[(2
w W 14 2 2 Cmy max ) npl d LT ] 0.6 y el,y 5 wy wz Wpl,y
C zy = 1 + (1 .143 1)[( 2
14 0 .964 2 1 .388 2 ) 0 .037 ] = 0 .943 5 1 .143

1.143 3220 = 0.458 1.5 3680
Czy > 0.6
wy Wel,y wz Wpl,y
= 0 .6
OK
Calculation of the factors kyy and kzy :

k yy = CmyCmLT y 1 N 1 Ed C yy N cr, y
1 0.999 = 0.978 161.5 0.988 1 56956
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
k yy = 0.964 1
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k zy = CmyCmLT
z
1 N Ed N cr,y
w 1 0.6 y Czy wz
k zy = 0.964 1
1 1.143 0.955 0.6 = 0.513 161.5 0.943 1.50 1 56956
Verification with interaction formulae
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M1
3
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3
M1
161.5 10 755.106 + 0.978 = 0.88 <1 OK 15900 275 3680 103 275 0.984 0.861 1 1
N Ed + k zy z N Rk
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
161.5 103 755.106 + 0.513 = 0.54 <1 OK 15900 275 3680 103 275 0.387 0.861 1 1
So the buckling resistance of the member is satisfactory.
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7 Rafter verification
7.1 Classification
Case with maximum compression in beam: (Combination 101)
Web:
hw = 428 mm tw = 10.5 mm c = 407.6 mm dN = N Ed 136 103 = = 47.10 mm t w f y 10.5 275

c / tw = 38.81
NEd= 136 kN
=
c / tw = 38.81 <
d w + d N 407.6 + 47.10 = = 0.558 > 0.5 2d w 2 407.6

class 1
EN 1993-1-1 5.5
396 396 0.92 = = 58.25 13 1 13 0.558 1
Flanges b = 191.9 mm tf = 17.7 mm r = 10.2 mm c = 80.5 mm
c / tf = 4.55
(S275 = 0.92 )
c / tf = 4.55
< 9 = 8.28
class 1
So the section is Class 1. The verification of the member will be based on the plastic resistance of the cross-section.
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7.2 Resistance of cross-section

Maximum force and moment at the end of the haunch: Combination 101 NEd = 136.00 kN VEd = 118.50 kN My,Ed = 349.10 kNm
754,98 kNm 349,10 kNm
305,23 kNm
Combination 101: Bending moment diagram along the rafter
Verification to shear force
VEd = 118.50 kN Av = A - 2btf + (tw+2r)tf =1 EN 1993-1-1 6.2 EN 1993-1-1 6.2.8 (2)

Av = 11400 2 191.9 17.7 + (10.5 + 2 10.2) 17.7 = 5154 mm2
Av > .hw.tw = 42810.5 = 4494 mm2 Vpl,Rd = Av (fy /

3 ) /M0 = 5154275/ 3 /1000 = 818.3 kN
VEd / Vpl,Rd = 118.5 / 818.33 = 0.145 < 0.50 OK
Verification to axial force
Npl,Rd = 11400 x 275 x 10 = 3135 kN NEd = 136 kN < 0.25 Npl,Rd= 0.25 3135 = 783.8 kN and NEd = 136 kN < OK
-3
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.4
0.5hw t w f y
M0
0.5 428 10.5 275 = 103 = 617.9kN 1
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.8 (2)
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Verification to bending moment
Mpl,y,Rd = 2014 275 10-3 = 553.9 kNm My,Ed = 349.1 kNm < Mpl,y,Rd = 553.9 kNm OK
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.5
7.3 Buckling resistance

Uniform members in bending and axial compression

N Ed + k yy y N Rk M1
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk M1
and
M y,Ed N Ed 1 + k zy z N Rk M y,Rk LT M1 M1
Buckling about yy:
For the determination of the buckling length about yy, a buckling analysis is performed to calculate cr for the load combination giving the highest EN 1993-1-1 vertical load, with a fictitious restraint at top of column: 6.3.1.2 (2) Combination 101 cr = 32.40 Table 6.1
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 (1)
Buckling curve : a (h/b>2)
y = 0.21
N cr,y = cr N Ed = 32.40 136 = 4406 kN

y = Af y N cr,y = 11400 275 = 0.844 4406.103
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (2) Table 6.1
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y = 0.5 1 + y 0.2 + y
y = 0.5 1 + 0.21 (0.844 0.2) + 0.8442 = 0.924

y =
]
1
1
y + y
2 2 y
0.924 + 0.924 2 0.844 2
= 0.769
Buckling about zz:
For buckling about zz and for lateral torsional buckling, the buckling length is taken as the distance between torsional restraints: Lcr = 6.00m Note: the intermediate purlin is a lateral restraint of the upper flange only. Its influence could be taken into account but it is conservatively neglected in the following.
Flexural buckling Lcr,z = 6.00 m N cr,z = 2 EI z 210000 2090 10 4 = 2 = 1203 kN L2cr,z 6000 2 10 3
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3
Torsional buckling Lcr,T = 6.00 m

N cr,T =
NCCI SN003
2 EI w A (GI t + ) 2 I0 Lcr,T
(doubly symmetrical section)
with yo = 0 and zo = 0
2 2 I 0 = I y + I z + ( y 0 + z 0 )A = 41000 + 2090 = 43090 cm4
N cr,T =
11400 210000 1.04.1012 10 3 (80770 90.7 10 4 + 2 ) 43090.10 4 6000 2
Ncr,T = 3522 kN
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Ncr = min ( Ncr,z ; Ncr,T ) = 1203 kN

z = Af y N cr = 11400 275 = 1.614 1203 103
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 (1)
Buckling curve : b z = 0.34
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (1)
z = 0 . 5 1 + z 0 .2 + z
z = 0.5 1 + 0.34 (1.614 0.2 ) + 1.614 2 =2.043
]
1
Table 6.1
z =
1 z + 2 z
2 z
2.043 + 2.0432 1.6142
= 0.303
Lateral torsional buckling :
Lcr,LT = 6.00 m Buckling curve : c LT = 0.49
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 Table 6.5
Moment diagram along the part of rafter between restraints : Combination 101
Calculation of the critical moment:
NCCI SN003
= - 0.487
q = - 9.56 kN/m
C1 = 2.75
qL2 = - 0.123 = 8M
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M cr = C1
M cr = 2.75
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
1.04 1012 60002 80770 90.7 104 + 2090 104 2 210000 2090 104
NCCI
2 210000 2090 104 60002 106
Mcr = 1100 kNm

LT = Wpl, y f y = 2010 103 275 = 0.709 1100 106
LT = 0.5 1 + LT LT LT,0 + LT
M cr
with LT,0 = 0.40 and =0.75

EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3 (1)
LT = 0.5 1 + 0.49 (0.709 0.4) + 0.75 0.7092 = 0.764

LT = 1 LT + 2 LT
2 LT
1 0.764 + 0.7642 0.75 0.7092
= 0.821
kc = 0.91
f = 1 0.5 (1 0.91) 1 2 (0.709 0.8) = 0.956 < 1

2
f = 1 0.5 (1 k c ) 1 2 LT 0.8
)]
2
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3 (2) Table 6.6
LT,mod =
LT 0.821 = = 0.859 < 1 f 0.956
Combination 101
NEd = 136 kN compression My,Ed = 349.1 kNm Mz,Ed = 0
Section class1
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
My,Ed = 0 and Mz,Ed = 0

N Ed + k zy z N Rk M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3
M1
LT
M1
M1
LT
M1
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N Ed 136 1 N cr, y 4406 y = = = 0.993 136 N Ed 1 0.769 1 y 4406 N cr, y 1

N Ed 136 1 N cr,z 1203 = 0.918 z = = N Ed 136 1 z 1 0.303 N cr,z 1203 1
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
wy =
Wpl, y Wel, y
2010 = 1.136 < 1.50 1770 wz = 1.50
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
wz =
Wpl, z 338 = = 1.550 > 1.50 Wel,z 218
M cr,0 = C1
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
NCCI SN003
Mcr,0 is the critical moment for the calculation of 0 for uniform bending moment as specified in Annex A. C1 = 1
M cr,0 = 1 2 210000 2090 10 4 6000 2 106 = 400.2 kNm 1.04 1012 6000 2 80770 90.7 10 4 + 2 210000 2090 10 4 2090 10 4
M cr,o
0 =
Wpl,y f y M cr,o
2010 103 275 = 1.175 400.2 106

N N Ed )(1 Ed ) N cr, TF N cr, z
(doubly
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A with C1 = 2.75
0 lim = 0.2 C1 4 (1
with Ncr,TF = Ncr,T
symmetrical section)
0 lim = 0.2 2.75 4 (1
136 136 )(1 ) = 0.319 1203 3522
0 =1.175 > 0 lim =0.319
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Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 Cmy,0 )
y aLT
1 + y aLT
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
with y = and
M y,Ed A 349.1106 11400 = =16.53 (class 1) 3 N Ed Wel,y 136 10 1770 103

It 90.7 = 0.998 =1 Iy 41000
a LT = 1
Calculation of the factor Cmy,0
Moment diagram along the rafter: My,Ed = maximum moment along the rafter = 755kNm 30m
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A Table A2
= maximum displacement along the rafter = 164 mm
2 EI y x N Cmy,0 = 1 + 2 1 Ed L M y,Ed N cr,y 2 210000 41000 104 164 136 C my,0 = 1 + 1 =0.978 300002 755 106 4406
Calculation of the factors Cmy and Cm,LT :
Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 Cmy,0 )
y aLT
1 + y aLT
C my = 0.978 + (1 0.978)
16.53 0.998 = 0.996 1 + 16.53 0.998
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2 CmLT = Cmy
aLT (1 N Ed N )(1 Ed ) N cr,z N cr,T
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
C mLT = 0.996 2
0.998 = 1.072 > 1 136 136 ) )(1 (1 3522 1203
Calculation of the factors Cyy and Czy
C yy = 1 + ( w y 1)[(2 n pl =
W 1.6 2 2 1.6 2 Cmy max )n pl b LT ] el, y Cmy max wy Wpl, y wy
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
N Ed 136 103 = 0.043 = N Rk / M1 11400 275 / 1

max = z = 1.614
Mz,Ed = 0 bLT = 0 and d LT = 0

C yy = 1 + (1.136 1)[( 2
1 .6 1. 6 0.996 2 1.614 0.996 2 1.614 2 ) 0.043] 1.136 1.136
Cyy = 0.977
Wel, y 1770 = = 0.88 OK Wpl, y 2010
C zy = 1 + ( w y 1)[(2
w y Wel, y 14 2 2 C my max ) n pl d LT ] 0.6 5 wy w z Wpl, y
C zy = 1 + (1.136 1)[(2
C zy 0.6 w y Wel, y w z Wpl, y
14 0.996 2 1.614 2 ) 0.043] = 0.900 5 1.136

1.136 1770 = 0.460 OK 1.50 2010
= 0 .6
Calculation of the factors kyy and kzy :

k yy = CmyCmLT
y
1 N Ed N cr, y
1 C yy
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
k yy = 0.996 1.072
1 0.993 = 1.120 136 0.977 1 4406
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k zy = C myCmLT
wy z 1 0.6 N wz 1 Ed Czy N cr, y

1 1.136 0.918 0.6 = 0.587 136 0.900 1.50 1 4406
k zy = 0.996 1.072
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M1
3
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3 (6.61)
M1
136 10 349.1 106 + 1.120 = 0.88 < 1 OK 11400 275 2010 103 275 0.769 0.859 1 1
N Ed + k zy z N Rk
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
(6.62)
M1
136 103 349.1 106 + 0.587 = 0.57 < 1 OK 11400 275 2010 103 275 0.303 0.859 1 1
8 Haunch verification
For the verification of the haunch, the compression part of the cross-section is considered as alone with a length of buckling about the zz-axis equal to 3.00m (length between the top of column and the first restraint).
Maximum forces and moments in the haunch:
NEd = VEd = MEd =
139.2 kN 151.3 kN 755 kNm
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Properties of the whole section:
The calculation of elastic section properties for this case is approximate, ignoring the middle flange. Section area Second moment of area /yy Second moment of area /zz Elastic modulus /yy Elastic modulus /zz A = 160.80 cm2 Iy = 230520 cm4 Iz = 2141 cm4 Wel,y = 4610 cm3 Wel,z = 214 cm3
200 mm 1000 mm
Properties of the compression part:

Section at the mid-length of the haunch including 1/6th of the web depth Section area Second moment of area /yy Second moment of area /zz iz = A = 44 cm2 Iy = 554 cm
4
120 mm
Iz =1068 cm4
200 mm
1068 = 4.93cm 44
z =
L fz 3000 = = 0.704 i z 1 49.30 86.39 = 0.76
Buckling of welded I section with h/b > 2 :

z = 0.5 1 + z 0.2 + z = 0.5 1 + 0.76 (0.704 0.2 ) + 0.704 2 = 0.939
2
curve d
z =
1 z +
2 z 2 z
1 0.939 + 0.9392 0.7042
= 0.641
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Compression in the bottom flange:
N Ed, f = 139.24
4400 755000 1000 + 4400 = 760kN 16080 4610.103 1000
Verification of buckling resistance of the bottom flange:
N Ed,f 760 103 = 0.980 < 1 OK = z N Rk 0.641 4400 275
SX029a-EN-UK
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) LOCALISED RESOURCE DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Laurent Narboux Charles King D C Iles Company SCI SCI SCI Date Nov 06 Dec 06 April 2007

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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Localized resource for UK

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

b = 72.00 m s = 7.20 m d = 30.00 m h = 7.30 m = 5.0

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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2.2 Snow loads

7,30 30,00 [m]

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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2.3 Wind loads

3.1 Partial safety factor

Gmax = 1.35 Gmin = 1.0 Q = 1.50 0 = 0.50 0 = 0.60 M0 = 1.0 M1 = 1.0

3.2 ULS Combinations

Gmax G + Q Qs Gmin G + Q Qw Gmax G + Q Qs + Q 0 Qw Gmin G + Q Qs + Q 0 Qw Gmax G + Q 0 Qs + Q Qw Gmin G + Q 0 Qs + Q Qw

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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3.3 SLS Combinations

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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The frame has been modelled using the EFFEL program.

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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5.1 Buckling amplification factor cr

First order elastic analysis may be used.

EN 1993-1-1 5.2.1 (3)

5.2 Effects of imperfections

EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (3)

1 0.740 0.866 = 3.204 10 3 200

Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame (GB)

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Example: Elastic analysis of a single bay portal frame

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EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (4)

The following table gives the reactions at supports.