AbnormaI PsychoIogy:

What is Abnormal Behaviour?

Personal Discomfort
Distressing thoughts or behaviour
Maladaptive behaviour
Behaviour pattern prevents the demands of life from being met.
Focuses on Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

Ways to Look at Abnormal Behaviour?
Distress Level
Experience for emotional or physical pain
mpairment
Reduction in ability to function
Risk to Self or Others
Danger or threat to the well being of self or others
Socially or Culturally Unacceptable Behaviour
Behaviour pattern prevents the demands of life from being met

What is Medical Disorder?
A prolonged recurring health condition characterised by alterations in thinking,
mood, or behaviour that seriously interferes with an individual's ability to live a
satisfying personal life & function adequately in society.

Mood Disorders:
A mood disorder is a condition whereby the prevailing emotional mood is
distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances.
Depression
Mania/Hypomania
Bipolar disorder

Mood Disorders - Depression:
Depression is a mood disorder in which individuals experience a state of
despondency marked by feelings of powerlessness, worthlessness &
hopelessness.

DSM V Symptoms of a Major Depressive Episode:
Major Depressive Episode:
At least five of the following symptoms present over a 2-week period.
At least one of the five symptoms is either depressed mood or loss of
interest or pleasure.
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either
subjective report or observation made by others.
Markedly diminished interest/pleasant in all, or almost all activities
Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or decrease or increase in
appetite
Sleep disturbances: insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation

Risk Factors Suicide:
Sex
Age
Depression
Previous attempt
Ethanol abuse
Rational thought lacking
Social support lacking
Organized, concrete plan
No spouse
Sickness

Differences between Mania/ Hypomania:
Hypomania
Duration: 4 days
No progression to psychosis
Many of the symptoms of mania are present, but to a lesser degree than in
mania
Mania
Duration: 1 week
Psychosis

Anxiety Disorders:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsession
O A thought or an image that keeps intruding into a person's
consciousness
Compulsion
O An action that a person feels compelled to repeat again & again.
Obsessive-Compulsive
O You keep thinking of something & want to repeat an action.

Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is often described in terms of "positive & "negative symptoms.
Positive symptoms include:
O Delusions
O Hallucinations
O Thought disorder
Negative symptoms include:
O Lack of affect & emotion
O Poverty of speech
O Lack of motivation