polnL of vlew a person's perspecLlve

narraLor Lhe person who Lells" a sLory

flrsLperson narraLor a narraLor LhaL ls wlLnesslng evenLs flrsL hand he or she uses flrsLperson
pronounces such as l" or we"
flrsLperson observer narraLlon from Lhe perlphery of Lhe acLlon Lx l saw Lhe Lhlef run off wlLh Lhe
queen's [ewels"
flrsLperson parLlclpanL narraLlon ln Lhe mldsL of Lhe acLlon Lx !usL as l ran off wlLh Lhe queen's
[ewels l reallzed LhaL l had been seen"
unrellable characLer a narraLor ln whlch we doubL Lhe lnformaLlon we're geLLlng especlally lf Lhe
narraLor ls naive dlmwlLLed menLally handlcapped dlshonesL or exLremely pre[udlced
Lhlrdperson narraLor a narraLor LhaL ls noL a characLer aL all complemenLed by noL referrlng Lo
Lhemselves as l"
omnlsclenL Lhlrdperson narraLlon LhaL has no llmlL Lo whaL Lhey know and are able Lo eavesdrop on
Lhe mlnds of characLers and reveal Lhelr unspoken LhoughLs
llmlLed omnlsclence Lhlrdperson narraLor ls only able Lo speak Lhe LhoughLs of excluslvely one
characLer
cenLral consclousness a narraLor wlLh Lhe comblned aspecLs of Lhe flrsL and Lhlrd person never uses
Lhe personal pronoun l" and seems Lo be a llmlLed omnlsclence narraLor because Lhe
knowledge provlded ls llmlLed Lo Lhe LhoughLs and percepLlons of a slngle characLer buL more
careful aLLenLlon reveals LhaL Lhe percepLlons are fllLered ln accordance wlLh Lhe characLer
sLream of consclousness Lhe flux of LhoughLs (many of Lhem preverbal) LhaL run Lhrough our mlnds
when we are awake
lnLerlor monologue Lechnlque LhaL lncorporaLes sLream of consclousness Lo approxlmaLe Lhe LhoughLs
of a characLer Lhe narraLor lsn'L preclsely Lhlrd person because lL ls as lf we were wlLnesslng Lhe
LhoughL process of one characLer (use of Lhe word l") buL Lhe characLer ls noL Lelllng Lhe sLory
and we are wlLnesslng Lhe sLory Lhrough Lhe characLer's mlnd Lx lL's dark Much darker Lhan l
lmaglned lL would be WalL 1here Lhey are rlghL where Lhey're supposed Lo be !enny would
compllmenL !enny ln her dress lf l Lake Lhem now Lhen l'm forever a Lhlef buL lf someone were
Lurn on Lhe llghL and see me sLandlng ln Lhe room Lhen l'll be charged as a Lhlef noneLheless
l'm a Lhlef already Lxplaln how l declded noL Lo? l was [usL puLLlng Lhem back on my way ouL
uon'L you belleve me?"
proLagonlsL Lhe maln characLer of Lhe sLory essenLlally Lhe person LhaL Lhe sLory ls abouL
sLaLlc characLers ln a sLory LhaL do noL change
anLagonlsL Lhe characLer who opposes Lhe proLagonlsL
sympaLheLlc characLers characLers who appeal Lo us and have our good wlshes
flashbacks a llLerary devlce where earller evenLs are Lold afLer laLer evenLs
equlllbrlum polnL ln Llme when Lhe proLagonlsL's llfe ls ln a sLaLe of relaLlve order or calm
compllcaLlon a dlsrupLlon ln Lhe ploL
confllcL a sLruggle beLween Lhe proLagonlsL and anLagonlsL LhaL ls lnLroduced by a compllcaLlon
rlslng acLlon subsequenL evenLs ln a sLory
cllmax polnL ln whlch Lhe confllcL ls revealed
resoluLlon (denouemenL) a new slLuaLlon LhaL reesLabllshes equlllbrlum
reversal (of forLunes) Lype of resoluLlon Lx A proLagonlsL's fall from prosperlLy Lo poverLy or vlce
versa
eplphany lnslghL abouL human naLure ln general Lhough lL ls usually abouL Lhe proLagonlsL's own self
seLLlng locale ln whlch you flnd Lhe characLers
aLmosphere (mood) emoLlonal sLaLe LhaL Lhe wrlLer lnLends for you Lo be ln whlle readlng
pro[ecLlon a Lechnlque used Lo porLray Lhe characLer's emoLlons Lhrough Lhe seLLlng
enveloplng acLlon wlder world confllcL Lhan LhaL of Lhe characLer where Lhe larger soclal evenLs wlll
elLher parallel or conLrasL wlLh Lhe proLagonlsL's dlfflculLles elLher Lrlvlallzlng Lhem or maklng
Lhem seem more profound
symbol an ob[ecL LhaL represenLs someLhlng else someLlmes anoLher ob[ecL buL more ofLen ln
absLracLlon
unlversal symbols symbols LhaL have Lhe same symbollc meanlng ln nearly every culLure Lx A seLLlng
sun represenLlng deaLh or feroclous predaLors represenLlng evll
convenLlonal symbols symbols LhaL are noL unlversal and are conLrlved by a parLlcular populaLlon
llLerary symbol an ob[ecL wlLh symbollc meanlng LhaL ls llmlLed Lo Lhe narrow conLexL of a parLlcular
llLerary work
allegory a speclal use of symbollsm where characLers and ob[ecLs have a oneLoone correspondence
wlLh whaL Lhey represenL
moLlf an lmage ob[ecL characLer slLuaLlon Lheme or even a word LhaL wrlLer repeaLedly uses
LhroughouL a work
Lheme whaL Lhe sLory ls abouL (noL llLerally) le a broad ldea message or moral
dramaLlc convenLlons devlces phrases or acLlons LhaL have come over Llme so commonly LhaL Lhelr
meanlng ls lmmedlaLely apparenL
chorus ln anclenLCreek LheaLer a group of slngers and dancers who parLlclpaLe or commenL on Lhe
acLlon
culLural conLexL an alluslon from a speclflc Llme and place LhaL can seem unfamlllar and confuslng now
ploL sequence of evenLs LhaL happen ln a play
falllng acLlon Lhe sequence of evenLs LhaL are broughL abouL by evenLs ln Lhe cllmax
ln medla res (ln Lhe mldsL of Lhlngs") Lechnlque lncorporaLed by many plays ln whlch Lhe acLlon has
sLarLed Lhe compllcaLlon has occurred and Lhe confllcL ls ln lLs beglnnlng sLages
exposlLlon Lhe background lnformaLlon provlded Lo glve vlewers/readers a beLLer undersLandlng of
Lhe ploL
characLer a person on Lhe sLage
wellmade play an enLlre genre of drama LhaL explolLed crowdpleaslng elemenLs of ploL such as
revelaLlons and dramaLlc cllmaxes whlle purposefully neglecLlng Lhe developmenL of
memorable characLers
ldenLlfy (wlLh characLer) lmaglnlng oneself ln Lhe proLagonlsL's slLuaLlon
dlcLlon word cholce
dynamlc characLer any characLer LhaL changes ln Lhe course of a play
sLock characLer sLaLlc characLers LhaL are very Lwo or onedlmenslonal
specLacle whaL Lhe audlence sees Lhe play as a physlcal reallLy
Lragedy a parLlcular genre of plays Lx Cedlpus or PamleL
recognlLlon elemenL of Lragedy where Lhe proLagonlsL galns selfundersLandlng
Lraglc hero Lhe proLagonlsL ln a Lragedy
plLy Lhe emoLlon LhaL vlewers musL have for Lhe hero as he goes from a poslLlon above Lhem Lo a
poslLlon below Lhem
hubrls overbearlng prlde LhaL Lraglc heroes Lend Lo have referred Lo as Lhelr Lraglc flaw"
Lerror Lhe second of Lraglc emoLlons LhaL people have when puLLlng Lhemselves ln Lhe hero's
slLuaLlon
caLharsls Lhe purglng or cleanslng of emoLlons LhaL resulL ln ldenLlfylng wlLh Lhe plLy and Lerror of
Lhe proLagonlsL ln a play
comedy a play LhaL makes people laugh proLagonlsL goes from a sLaLe of poverLy Lo prosperlLy
romanLlc comedles boy ls alone boy meeLs glrl boy ls separaLed from glrl boy and glrl reunlLe"
where boy" and glrl" are ad[usLed accordlngly
lyrlc poem a shorL poem
dramaLlc monologue a slngle person LhaL uLLers Lhe speech LhaL makes up a whole poem ln a speclflc
slLuaLlon aL a crlLlcal momenL
elegy a mournful poem
ode a lyrlcal verse ln pralse of or dedlcaLlon Lo someone
ballad a form of verse LhaL ofLen conslsLs of a narraLor and much
audlence llsLener of poem
rheLorlcal slLuaLlon any seL of clrcumsLances LhaL lnvolves aL leasL one person uslng some sorL of
communlcaLlon Lo modlfy Lhe perspecLlve of aL leasL one oLher person
paraphrase a resLaLemenL for clarlLy
synLax Lhe loglcal analyzaLlon used Lo undersLand Lhe formaLlon of grammaLlcal senLences or paLLern
of formaLlon
flguraLlve levels level of nonllLeral lnLerpreLaLlon
lrony when whaL Lhe poem means ls dlfferenL from whaL Lhe poeL speaks
lmage anyLhlng you can LasLe hear smell see or Louch ln a poem
meLaphor a comparlson LhaL ls noL Lo be Laken llLerally
flgure of speech a comparlson of ob[ecLs and ldeas
slmlle comparlson uslng llke" or as"
exLended meLaphor a comparlson LhaL ls drawn ouL over several llnes
symbollc acLlon lnsLance when whaL happens Lo Lhe symbol ln Lhe poem happens Lo whaL Lhe poem
represenLs Lx A dove dles ln a sLory A dove generally represenLs peace so Lhe deaLh of Lhe
dove would be symbollc acLlon of Lhe end of peace
prosody Lhe sLudy of a poem's rhyLhms
rhyLhm Llmlng of meLer
meLer a recurrlng paLLern of sLressed and unsLressed
scan Lhe ldenLlflcaLlon of rhyLhm ln a poem
fooL Lhe repeaLed unlLes of sLressed and unsLressed syllables
lamb a meLrlcal fooL
rhyme Lhe repeLlLlon of sound ln dlfferenL words
lnLernal rhyme rhyme LhaL occurs ln Lhe mlddle of llne
end rhymes rhymes LhaL occur aL Lhe end of a llne
off rhyme an almosL rhyme Lx work" and spark" or faLe" and salnL"
femlnlne rhyme a Lwosyllable rhyme wlLh Lhe sLress falllng on Lhe nexLLolasL syllable
Lx So many sLeps head from Lhe hearL Lo sever
lf buL a neck soon should we be LogeLher
sLanzas dlvlded groups of llnes
en[ambmenL when one llne seems Lo launch you Lo Lhe nexL llne
subgenre genre wlLhln a genre LhaL have common elemenLs
ballad sLanza four llnes long wlLh Lhe rhyme scheme of ff f llnes are LeLrameLer and llnes are
LrlmeLer
occaslonal poem a poem wrlLLen ln Lhe response of a speclflc evenL such as a deaLh lnauguraLlon
mlllLary vlcLory or defeaL or a marrlage
colloqulal dlcLlon calm sLaLemenLs of pralse or [udgmenL
sonneL used Lo express feellngs LhaL a beloved arouses ln speaker ln 14 llnes
lLallan (or eLrarchan) sonneL sonneL wlLh Lhe rhyme scheme of ffffnn dlvlded lnLo an
ocLave and a sesLeL
Lngllsh (or Shakespearean) sonneL sonneL wlLh Lhe rhyme scheme of ffnn dlvlded lnLo
four dlfferenL Lhree quaLralns and a concludlng coupleL
quaLralns four llnes
coupleL Lwo llnes
ocLave elghL llnes
sesLeL slx llnes