Task 3 Intro The effects of exercise effect major body components such like the, cardio vascular system,

respiratory system and the muscular system. Cardio Vascular Short term The cardio vascular system is effected by short term exercise by the heart rate increasing which is how many times the heart beats in one minute, this happens because the hormone adrenaline is released which makes the body work harder when exercising. The stroke volume of our heart increases, stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat, this increases because of the ventricles contracting more powerfully sending more oxygenated blood around the body to the required muscles. During exercise a persons cardiac output can increase up to 30 times more than their resting heart rate due to the heart working harder for the demand of oxygen for the muscles. Long term The long term effects on the cardio vascular system, increases to stroke volume over a long period of training because the heart become stronger and bigger and therefore the heart is more efficient at pumping blood around the body which effects the resting heart rate. The resting heart rate is how times the heart beats when the person is at ease and relaxed, this resting heart rate decreases because the heart can pump more blood through to the body in one beat after long term training, whereas before, the heart would have to beat 2-3 times more to send the same amount of blood around the body.

Respiratory system Short term The short term effects of exercise upon the respiratory system is the increased breathing rate when exercising; the breathing rate is the number of times we breathe in on minute. This effects the tidal volume of the lungs, tidal volume is the amount of oxygen taken in and released out in one minute. During exercise we breathe a lot quicker and deeper to cope with the demand of the muscles that require the oxygen to work harder. Another short term effect is the vital capacity of our lungs; vital capacity is the maximum amount of exhaled carbon dioxide after a maximum amount of oxygen is inhaled. Long term Over long term training, the vital capacity of the lungs increase to cope with the increasing demand of oxygen from the muscles which are growing bigger and stronger and therefore more efficient over a long period of time. This affects the lungs as they have to expand further to fill up with oxygen to send through the alveoli into the capillaries which sends the oxygenated blood to heart which pumps the blood to the demanding muscles. Also the resting breathing rate will decrease in relation to the decrease of the heart rate, as more oxygen is inhaled due to vital capacity, thats more oxygen getting into the blood stream via the alveoli, which is getting pumped in a larger capacity due to the strength of the stroke volume in the heart, around the body to the muscles.

Muscular system Short term The short term effects on the muscular system from exercise is the demand for oxygen will increase as the muscles that are being used during exercise are working harder. Smooth muscle tissue is it risk of damage if not stretched properly during and after exercise. The production of Lactic acid within the muscles will occur, lactic acid causes cramping during and after exercise which can be very painful and leave aches and pains. During exercise the muscles relax and contract much quicker which results in energy levels decreasing very quickly there affecting the energy metabolism. Long term The long term effects of the muscular system are that the tendons and muscles become stronger and more powerful to cope with the additional stress and impact through exercise. Muscles are more capable of storing glycogen for energy, also enzymes that are involved in energy production become more concentrated and efficient to aid the reaction of metabolism during exercise. The mitochondria in the blood increases which results in the rate of energy production increasing which allows the body to work harder for longer. Skeletal system Short The short term effects of exercise upon the skeletal system depends entirely on the type of exercise that the body is performing. The skeleton during exercise by running, acts as a shock absorber as the foot makes contact with the ground, an effect of this the bones will bend and flex slightly to encourage now bone formation for that exercise. Also the stress on the muscles in increased as the body is not used

to using that area of the body for exercise. Synovial fluid will be released to lubricate the joints in the legs if running or legs and arms for a swimming exercise which is better as swimming uses all the muscles in the body.

Long The long term effects on the skeletal system are as follows, exercise increases further stress upon the tissue of the skeletal system which over a period of time these tissues will become stronger and more resistant. The bone density increases over long period of training as the body is adapting to the require exercise which in the end result makes bones stronger and less likely to fracture. Also the hyaline cartilage at the end of bones will become thicker and become better at absorbing shock during the exercise. Finally tendons will become thicker and stronger and more able to withstand greater force and stresses and ligaments will stretch slightly to enable greater flexibility at the joint as the person progresses through their training.