Chapter 10

1. Push factors are things that make you want to leave a place, or want to stay away from. Some examples of pull factors during this Era were religious persecution, poverty, and land scarce in the homeland of immigrants. 2. Pull factors, are things that make you want to stay some where, or come to. Some examples of pull factors during this Era where, political/religious freedom, jobs and opportunities, industry, and a hope for new life were all pull factors into the United States. 3. Asian and European immigrants entered the United States in New York City. There on an island, was a known facility, Ellis Island, where the immigrants would start their journey into the United States. 4. If immigrants failed the medical inspection they would be marked as a threat. Then they would be sent back to the country which they came, on the ship they came on. 5. Immigrants adjusted to the new life in America in many ways. Some moved into ethnic neighborhoods where they could easily fit in with others, took low paying jobs in urban areas. Either way, times were hard for the immigrants that came to America. 6. Immigrants had many different opinions, depending on which country they came from. Most immigrants felt that it was better to be in America because in their old country there were very harsh conditions, but here they could get a job a try to start a new life, it was a new beginning to them. 7. Nativism is an opinion, where a person has a strong opposition to immigration. People became nativists for many reasons; one being that some immigrants took cheap pay taking jobs away from American citizens, nativists thought this was unfair. It was very straightforward on what the nativists wanted. They wanted to reduce the immigration numbers in America. 8. The Workingmans party was led by Denis Kearney in the 1870s. This partys purpose was to fight against Chinese immigration and the Central Pacific Railroad who employed many Chinese. 9. The first subway systems were built to reduce the number of people crowding the streets. Also they were used to stop all of the waste on the streets like horse manure. 10. The middle classed people lived in streetcar suburbs. They moved here because they thought they could escape all of the city life problems. 11. Tammany Hall was a corrupt political machine located in New York City, known for its corruptness and influence on the citys government. Boss Tweed was the leader of this corrupt political machine and with his lead this machine stood strong for years. 12. Political Machines provided city dwellers with many things. They provided the necessities, such as jobs, housing and police; they did these things for their own benefit. They were basically trying to spread their power and get an influence among city dweller, so they can stay into power.

13. Individualism is the idea that no matter how your origins were, your talents and commitment would help you rise in society. It focused on a persons goals rather than negative ideas. 14. Naturalism is a philosophical idea that refers to a view point that the natural universe and its natural laws and forces operate in the universe. It believes that a certain pair of laws runs everything. 15. Realism was an idea that arose during the Gilded Age. Realism was a realistic portrayal of life. By surprise, this idea influenced the literature in the 20th century. 16. Social Darwinism was the application of Charles Darwin's scientific theories of evolution and natural selection to contemporary social development. In nature, only the fittest survive, so too in the marketplace. It basically believed in the best surviving Survival of the fittest. 17. The Gospel of Wealth was an essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889. The main idea of this essay was for money not to be put in the wrong hands, but to be used in a good way, to help the economy, or philanthropy. 18. Many organizations sought to help the urban poor. Some were the Social Gospel movement, the Salvation Army and the YMCA. Settlement houses, womens clubs, and the Temperance movement also had a strong influence in helping the urban poor. 19. This era was called the Gilded Age, and this idea was introduced by Mark Twain. The United States was glittered on with positive things but, underneath it was very corrupt. The Gilded Age was just another name for the Progressive Era. It occurred through 1870s to the 1920s. 20. The first salaried baseball team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings. It was formed in 1869. 21. As a philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie attempted to change the ideas of Social Darwinism. By doing so he wrote the Gospel of Wealth, a famous essay. 22. Scott Joplin was one of the most important African American ragtime composers. He became known as the King of Ragtime. He helped influence many African Americans to continue to fight for their rights. 23. Lillian Wald operated a settlement house to help the poor. This settlement house was called the Henry Street Settlement House. 24. Jane Addams operated on of the first settlement houses in Chicago. This settlement house was known as the Hull House. 25. Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee Institute in 1881. This helped African Americans stand up for themselves and learn how to read and write. It was like a sanctuary for African Americans.