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(a)
(b)
(1)
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2.
(2)
(Total 3 marks)
(a)
(b)
(2)
Describe as fully as you can one way in which they are different.
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3.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
You will find it helpful to use the information on the Data Sheet when answering this
question.
In the nucleus of an aluminium atom are:
and
(a)
13 protons
14 neutrons.
(ii)
(2)
(b)
(c)
(2)
4.
(a)
(b)
(2)
(c)
A lithium atom can lose one electron to form a lithium ion which can be written (2) +
A fluorine atom can gain one electron to form a fluoride ion.
Choose from the list the correct way to write the fluoride ion.
(2,6) +
(2,7) +
(2,7) -
(2,8) +
(2,8)
Answer ..........................................
5.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
The diagram shows part of the ionic lattice of a sodium chloride crystal.
(i)
Complete the spaces in the table to give information about both of the ions in
this lattice.
Name of ion
Charge
.....................................................
.....................................................
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(2)
(ii)
When it is solid, sodium chloride will not conduct electricity. However, molten
sodium chloride will conduct electricity. Explain this difference.
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(iii)
(2)
(b)
(1)
(i)
(ii)
(1)
(c)
(1)
Calcium burns in oxygen with a brick-red flame. The product is a white solid. It is
calcium oxide and its formula is CaO.
(i)
O2(g)
CaO(s)
(1)
(ii)
6.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
(a)
(b)
7.
(2)
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
About 100 years ago a scientist called J. J. Thomson thought that an atom was a ball of
positive charge with negative particles stuck inside. Today a different model is used. The
diagram shows how an atom of carbon is represented by this model.
(a)
(ii)
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(iii)
What is the central part of the atom called that contains both and
(1)
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(b)
(1)
(1)
Use the model to explain why the six electrons are arranged as shown.
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
8.
(i)
(ii)
Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound. What are the names of its ions?
................................................. ions and ................................................. ions
(iii)
(1)
How many negative ions are there in the formula for magnesium chloride?
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(iv)
(1)
(1)
(v)
(1)
9.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
(2)
(b)
The table gives information about two compounds which contain hydrogen.
Use the information in the table to explain why it is difficult to classify hydrogen as a
metal or a non metal.
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10.
(a)
(4)
(Total 6 marks)
Copper is a metal.
Explain how it conducts electricity.
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(b)
(2)
Graphite is a non-metal.
11.
Chlorine will combine with the non-metal element, carbon, to form this molecular
compound.
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
(a)
(b)
(1)
Explain how these bonds are formed. (You may use a diagram).
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(2)
(Total 3 marks)
12.
(b)
Cylinders filled with fluorine molecules are commercially available. What would you
expect the formula of a fluorine molecule to be?
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(c)
(1)
Fluoride ions are added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay. What is the
charge on fluoride ions in the water?
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.
(d)
(1)
(1)
Fluorine reacts with the non-metal sulphur to make sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
(i)
(1)
(ii)
13.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Silicon is an extremely important element. More than a million tonnes of silicon are
produced each year. Silicon is made by reducing silicon oxide (sand) with carbon (coke).
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Which electrons in the silicon atom take part in chemical reactions with
other atoms?
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(iii)
(1)
What features of all the atoms of the elements in group 4 of the Periodic Table
might give them similar chemical properties?
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(b)
(1)
(i)
Select two properties from the list above in which silicon resembles a metal.
1. .....................................................................................................................
2. .....................................................................................................................
(ii)
(2)
Select two properties from the list above in which silicon resembles a nonmetal.
1. .....................................................................................................................
2. .....................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)